2023年12月英語四級(jí)押題密卷（NO.4）

Part Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritanessay.Therearetwodifferentviewsabouthealthcare:oneisthathealthcareshouldbefreeforeveryoneandtheotheristhatpeopleshouldpaymedicalcostsforthemselves.Youaretogiveyourownopinion.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyouropinion.Youshouldwriteatleast120ordsbutnomorethat180words.Part Listening (25SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustTheamountofitchangesfromseasontoTheamountofitshrinkstothelowestlevelinTheamountofitgrowsinwinterandshrinksinTheamountofitisclosetothatofArcticsea2.A)Ithassomethingtodowiththe B)ItisduetothegreenhouseC)Itishardto D)IthasarousedpublicQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejust3.A)ItiswarmingataslowerpacethatItiswarmingataquickerpacethatItstemperatureissoaringatahighspeedItstemperatureisgoingtowardstheleveloftropical4.A)ThetrendofclimatechangecanbeThesea-levelriseisalinearTherisingsealevelislargelycausedbyThesea-levelriseisQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustTheprocessofturninghydrogenintoaHydrogenmightbeturnedintoaReflectivityisakeytraitofThedecades-longsearchforBycompressingitto4.9milliontimesatmosphericByheatingituptoextremelyhighBycoolingitdowntoextremelycoldBysqueezingitstrongenoughatroom7.A)MostofthemworkonlyatroomMostofthemworkonlyatfreezingMostofthemworkonlyatextremelycoldMostofthemworkonlyatextremelyhighSectionDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingonAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughtheQuestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust8.A)Heisapplyingfora B)HeisreadingajobC)Heisfilinginaformfora D)Heiswritinghisgraduation9.A)BecausehedoesnotwanthiscollegeeducationtobeBecauseheisquiteskilledinhisBecausehehasspentmuchtimeandmoneyoncollegeBecauseheisveryinterestedinhisHowtoimprovenutritionforchildrenoftheminorityHowtodistributefoodandmoneytotheHowtounderstandtheneedsoftheHowtocollectmoneyforcharitable11.A)Itis B)Itis C)Itis D)ItisQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust12.A)BecausepeopleinthatperiodbelievedinthepowerofBecausepeopleinthatperiodbelievedinthepowerofBecausepeopleinthatperiodbelievedinthepowerofreligiousBecausepeopleinthatperiodbelievedinthepowerof13.A)HewaselectedthefirstpresidentoftheHewasoneofthedraftersoftheDeclarationofHewasasuccessfulbusinessmanaswellasafamousHewastheembodimentofAmericanHewasthecommanderinchiefoftheContinentalHewasthesecondAmericanHedraftedtheDeclarationofIndependenceHewasasuccessfulstatesmanandSofarasyouworkhard,youcanmakeyourdreamcomeOnlywhenyouhaveahighereducationcanyourealizeyourDespiteyourefforts,youcan’tmakeitifopportunitydoesnotstrikeDespiteyourefforts,yourfamilybackgroundcountsmoreinyourSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustAnewexhibitiontoexplorethesignificanceofselfiesasanartAnewexhibitiontoexploretheimportanceofself-AnewexhibitionofVincentVanGogh’sfamousAnewexhibitionofrecentcelebrities’AtoolofbecomingiconsofthedigitalAtoolofartisticexpressiontowhichweallhaveAshiftinsocietyusingtechnologyasameansofself-Ashiftinsocietyusingtechnologyasameansofbecoming18.A)Modern C)TheSocial D)TheQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust19.A)Apunishing B)ArighteousAfunny D)Analmighty20.A)Theytrytoentertainthedevilwithgifts.C)Theytrytoasktheirparentstobeatthe Theytrytorun D)Theytrytohideatacorneroftheir21.A)InGerman C)InAustralianB)InAustrian D)InCroatianQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustMisconceptionsaboutlearningEnglish.C)ThekeytolearningEnglishThekeytolearningEnglish D)Thekeytotalkingtonative23.A)Morespeaking B)AwideRichknowledgeof D)More24.A)BecausetheytendtothinkintheirnativeBecausetheyareslowerintheprocessoflearningaBecausetheyareashamedofmakingBecausetheylackspeakingItcanbetrainedonlybyspeakingwithnativeItisaskillandshouldbeItisaskillthatdevelopsItcanbetrainedbyrecitingEnglishPart Reading (40minutesSectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingPasswordsareapainintheass.They’reeithereasyto orharetoremember,andwhenbreaches(破壞) youhavetocomeupwithawholenewone.Sopeoplearetryingtodoawaywithpasswordsaltogether,andsofarfingerprintscannersaredoingthejobnicely.Still,fingerprintsalonearenot28.Onlinesecurityhasbecome29important,forcingserviceproviderstocomeupwithbettermeasuressuchastwo-factorauthentication(驗(yàn)證)to30userinformation.Companiesareturningtootherpartsofourbodiestofindbiometric(生物計(jì)量的)31thatareuptothetask,andourfacesandeyesareatthetopofthelist.Althoughfacialandeye-basedrecognitionappeargimmickyfornow,theymaysoonbecomeasprevalentandpopularasfingerprintscanners.Thatpairingcouldrootoutpasswordsandclunkytext-messagetwo-factor32altogether,makingitacompletelybiometricprocess.Thepopularity,prevalenceandconvenienceoffingerprintscanningmeansitisheretostay,andbynomeansarefaceandeyerecognitionmeantto33it.Choudhuryseesthenewermethodasacomplementfingerprints,providingamoreconvenientsecond-factorauthenticationasopposedtoenteringatextcodesenttoyourphone.Whilethetechwehaverightnowmaynotbefastorsecureenoughtobetrulyconvenientandhelpful,we’regettingclose.Usingtheadoptionoffingerprintscannersasa34,Choudhuryestimatedweareaboutfiveyearsawayfromiris(虹膜)scannersandfacedetectionbecoming35.Untilthen,we’llhavetodealwithchangingourcrappypasswordseverysooftenandhopewedon’tforgetthem.I)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.SentHomeforNotWearingHeels,SheIgnitedaBritishLONDON-WhenNicolaThorpreportedtoworkawhilebackasatemporaryreceptionistinthefinancialcenterhere,shewasshockedwhenhertempsupervisorsaidherflatshoeswereunacceptable.Shewouldneedtogetherselfshoeswithheelsatleasttwoincheshigh.Whensherefused,shewassenthomefromtheaccountingfirmPwCwithoutpay.Buthatwasnottheendofit.Fivemonthslater,Ms.Thorp,anactressoriginallyfromthenorthernseasidecityofBlackpool,startedapetitioncallingforalawthatwouldmakesurenocompanycouldeveragaindemandthatawomanwearheelstoThepetitioncollectedmorethan150,000signatures,helpedspurapopularopposition-dozensofprofessionalwomenpostedphotographsofthemselvesonTwitterdefiantlywearingflats-andpromptedaninquiryoverseenbytwoparliamentarycommittees.OnWednesday,morethantwoyearsafterMs.Thorp,now28,strodeintothatofficeinherchicbutsensibleblackflats,thecommitteesreleasedareportconcludingthatPortico,theoutsourcingfirmthathadinsistedshewearhighheels,hadbrokenthelaw.Itaddedthatexistinglawneededtobetoughenedtoovercomeoutmodedandsexistworkplacecodes.Duringtheinvestigation,thecommitteesreceivedhundredsofcomplaintsfromwomenwhosecompanieshaddemandedthatthey“dyetheirhairblonde.”“wearrevealingoutfits”or“constantlyreapplymakeup.”“Discriminatorydresscodesremainwidespread,”thereportsaid.Ms.Thorppraisedtheinquiry’sconclusion,sayingitwasallthemoreimperativeintheTrumpera,whenmenaroundtheworldhadarolemodelintheWhiteHousewhohadboastedaboutbehavingbadlytoward“Irefusedtoworkforacompanythatexpectedwomentowearmakeup,heelsandaskirt.Thisisunacceptablein2017,”shesaid.“Peoplesaysexismisnotanissueanymore.Butwhenamanwhohasadmittedpubliclytosexuallyharassingwomenistheleaderofthefreeworld,itismorecrucialthanevertohavelawsthatprotectwomen.”Ms.Thorpsaidherresistancetoheels,whileaprotestagainstsexismanddiscrimination,wasalsoamatterofpublichealthgiventhetollthathighheelstakeonwomen’sfeet.“Thecompanyexpectedmetodoanine-hourshiftonmyfeetaccompanyingclientstomeetingrooms,”shesaid.“ItoldthemthatIjustwouldn’tbeabletodothatinheels.”PorticoonWednesdaysaidithadrewrittenitscodealmostimmediatelyaftertheissuewasraisedbyMs.Thorp,droppingtheheelrequirement,amongothers.Itsoldcodehadwarnedemployeesagainstsuchthingasgreasyorhighlygelledhairorwearingflowersasaccessories.Ithadalsocalledforheelheighttobetwotofourinchesandformakeuptobe“wornatalltimes”and“regularlyreapplied,”withaminimumoflipstick,mascara(睫毛膏)andeyeshadow.PwCstressedthatthedresscoderequiredbyPorticoinDecember2015wasPortico’spolicyandhadenforcedbyaPorticosupervisor.Nevertheless,itsaiditregrettedthattheinquirywasinstigatedbyanincidentatitsoffices,anditremainedcommittedtoequalityattheworkplace.Insomespheres,Britain,amulticulturalsociety,hasbeenparticularlysensitiveaboutgenderdiscrimination.LastsummerthemayorofLondon,SadiqKhan,bannedadvertisementsshowingscantilyclad(衣著暴露的)womenfromthecity’spublictransportationsystem,sayingtheypromotedunhealthyorunrealisticbodyimages.Butlegalexpertsandwomen’sadvocatessaysocialandculturalconventionscanbehardertochange.WhenPrimeMinisterTheresaMaywasphotographedrecentlywearinga$1,250pairofdesertkhaki卡其色)”leatherpants,shewascriticizedasbeingexcessiveandoutoftouch,evenasherdefendersarguedthatnoonetalkedaboutMr.Trump’sfarmoreexpensiveBrionisuits.Nevertheless,beforesheenteredNo.10DowningStreet,Mrs.Mayherselfmayhaveplayedaroleinreinforcinggenderstereotypes.Whenshewastheministerforwomenandequalityin2011,shesaidthat“traditionalgender-basedworkplacedresscodes”hadnotheldherbackandarguedthattheyencouraged“asenseofprofessionalism”intheworkplace.Inasignofthechallengesahead,theBritishtelevisionhostPiersMorganinspiredaTwitterstormonWednesdaywhenheinsistedduringaninterviewwithMs.Thorpthatitwasnotunreasonabletoexpectareceptionisttowearstilettoheels(細(xì)跟鞋)。“GetPiersinHeels,”roaredTheSun’sheadline.Britain’s2010EqualityActprohibitsdiscriminationintheworkplaceonthebasisofgender,ageorsexualorientation,Butwomen’sadvocatesandlegalexpertssaidthelawwasunevenlyapplied.EmmaBirkett,whoworksinretail,toldtheinquirythathercompanyencouragedherandherfemalecolleaguestowearshorterskirtsandunbuttonmorebuttonsontheirblousesduringChristmastime,“whenahigherproportionofmaleshopperswasanticipated.”RuthCampion,aflightattendant,testifiedthatshefelt“prostituted”whenorderedtowearheels,skirtsandmakeup.SamSmethers,chiefexecutiveoftheFawcettSocietyaleadingwomen’srightsorganizationinLondonthattracesitsrootsto1866,saidsexistdresscodesthatobjectifiedwomenormenhadnoplaceinthemodernworkplace.ShenotedthatittookuntillastJanuaryforBritishAirwaystoallowfemalecabincrewmemberstoweartrousers.Shealsolamentedthatitcostabout$1,500inBritainforapersontobringacasebeforeanemploymenttribunal(特別法庭)，andthatevenwithoutthisfinancialconstraint,“somewomendon’twanttobeseenastroublemakersorrisklosingtheirjobs.”“Employersneedtofocusonwhatdrivesproductivityandenablestheirstafftofeelpartofateam,“shesaid,adding,“Itisn’tapairofhighheels.”Manywomencomplainedtothecommitteesabouttheircompanies’regulationsonhair,clothesandmakeup,whichprovedgender-biaseddresscodestobestillcommon.ThefactthatTheresaMayandMr.Trumpweretreateddifferentlyprovesthatitismoredifficulttochangesocialandculturalcustoms.Ms.ThorpappealedforalawprotectingwomenfrombeingforcedtoworkinPwCemphasizeditwasPorticoratherthanPwCthathaddevelopedandimplementedthedressingWhenNicolaThorpreportedforduty,shewasastonishedathertemporarydirector’srequirementtoletherreplaceflatshoeswithhigh-heeledones.AccordingtoSamSmethers,womenwerepreventedfromchargingagainstsexistdresscodesbecauseofhighcostandtheriskofdismissal.PiersMorgan’sopensupportforPorticocausedastironTwitterandmetwiththeprotestfromTheTwoyearslater,thetwoparliamentarycommitteesannouncedPortico’sviolationofthelawandtheneedtostrengthenthepresentlaw.Ms.ThorprefusedtowearheelsnotonlytoobjecttosexismanddiscriminationbutalsotoprotectherDozensofworkingwomensupportedMs.Thorp’spetitionwithpostingtheirownpicturesofwearingflatsonasocialmediawebsite.SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingTeacherburnoutandstudentstressmaybelinked,accordingtoUniversityofBritishColumbiaThestudyisthefirstofitskindtoexaminetheconnectionbetweenteacherburnoutandstudents’cortisol(皮質(zhì)醇)levels,whichareabiologicalindicatorofstress.Researcherscollectedsaliva（）samplesfromover400elementaryschoolchildrenandtestedcortisollevels.Theyfoundthatinclassroomsinwhichteachersexperiencedmoreburnout,orfeelingsofemotionalexhaustion,students’cortisollevelswereelevated.Highercortisollevelsinelementaryschoolchildrenhavebeenlinkedtolearningdifficultiesaswellasmentalhealthproblems.“Thissuggeststhatstresscontagion(傳染)mightbetakingplaceintheclassroomamongstudentsandtheirteachers,”saidEvaOberle,thestudy’sleadauthorandnewlyappointedassistantprofessorwiththeHumanEarlyLearningPartnership（HELP）atUBC’sschoolofpopulationandpublichealth.“Itisunknownwhatcamefirst-elevatedcortisolorteacherburnout.Weconsidertheconnectionbetweenstudentandteacherstressacyclicalproblemintheclassroom.”O(jiān)berlesaidastressfulclassroomclimatecouldbearesultofinadequatesupportforteachers,whichmayimpactteachers’abilitytoeffectivelymanagetheirstudents.Apoorlymanagedclassroomcancontributetostudents’needsnotbeingmetandincreasingstress.Thiscouldbereflectedinelevatedcortisollevelsinstudents.Alternatively,stresscouldoriginatefromstudents,whomaybemorechallengingtoteachbecauseofincreasesinanxiety,behavioralproblems,orspecialneeds.Inthisscenario,teacherscouldfeeloverwhelmedandreporthigherlevelsofburnout.“Ourstudyisareminderofthesystemicissuesfacingteachersandeducatorsasclassroomsizesincreaseandsupportsforteachersarecut,”saidOberle.“Itisclearfromanumberofrecentresearchstudiesthatteachingisoneofthemoststressfulprofessions,andthatteachersneedadequateresourcesandsupportintheirjobsinordertobattleburnoutandalleviatestressintheclassroom,”saidUBCeducationprofessorKimberlySchonert-Reichl,thestudy’sco-authoranddirectorofHELP.“Ifwedonotsupportteachers,weriskthecollateraldamageofstudents.”ItcanbeconcludedfromtheresearchmadebyUniversityofBritishColumbia cortisollevelswereverifiedtobeareliableindicatorofchildren’cortisollevelsweremeasuredbytheirstudents’cortisollevelswereinfluencedbyteachers’therisingofcortisollevelswasrelatedtopsychologicalWhichofthefollowingidentitiesbelongstoEvaA.Child-education B)ThesoleauthoroftheC)UBSassistant D)ThenewdirectorofAccordingtoEvaOberle,increasedcortisolandteachertiredness by B)atthesame C)inaknown D)inWhatdidKimberlySchonert-ReichlsuggestprovidingforteacherswhowanttostrugglewithoccupationalTheincreaseofclass B)SufficientresourcesfortheC)Alongbreakfrom D)ThestressreliefintheThework“collateral”(Line4,Pare.8)mostprobably B) C) D)PassageTheoldromanticadage(諺語isacuteone,butaccordingtorecentstudies,oppositesdon’tResearchshowsthatpeoplerendtoseekoutrelationshipswith-andeventuallymarry-partnerswhosimilardefiningcharacteristics,suchasage,politicalorientation,religion,education,and“Generallyspeaking,whenwethinkaboutoppositesattractingornot,we’rethinkingintermsofpersonalityratherthanthesebigkeydemographicfactors.”saysVinitaMehta,aclinicalpsychologistandwriterbasedinWashington,D.C.Onebigfactorastowhythismaybeissimplyyourstageoflife;whereyoulive,whatlifestyleyouhave,andwhatkindofpeopleyou’reexposedto.“Ifyou’reonacollegecampus,byandlarge,you’regoingtofindpeoplewhoareinyouragegroup,”Mehtasays.“You’regoingtofindpeoplewhoatleasteventuallybecomepart