河南省部分重點(diǎn)高中2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語試題（含答案解析）

2023～2024學(xué)年度下學(xué)期第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高二英語全卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1．答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2．請(qǐng)按題號(hào)順序在答題卡上各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3．選擇題用2B鉛筆在答題卡上把所選答案的標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑;非選擇題用黑色簽字筆在答題卡上作答;字體工整，筆跡清楚。4．考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15．B．￡9.18．C．￡9.15．答案是C。1．Whereistheringnow?A．Inthelivingroom.B．Inthebathroom.C．Inthegarden.2．Whichteamwonthegame?A．China.B．Japan.C．France.3．Howdidthewomancelebrateherbirthdaythisyear?A．Shepicnickedinapark.B．Shetookaride.C．Shegaveaparty.4．Whenwillthetaxiarrive?A．In5minutes.B．Rightnow.C．In40minutes.5．Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A．Borrowcontainers.B．Storesomewater.C．Repairapipe.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatdoesthewomanprobablyrequirethemantodo?A．Takeouttherubbish.B．Punishbadchildren.C．Beseriousinhiswork.7．Whatisthewomanprobably?A．Amanager.B．Aheadmaster.C．Anewworker.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inaflowershop.B．Inavehiclerepairplant.C．Inatransportcompany.9．Whathappenedtothewoman?A．Sheranoutofgas.B．Hercarwouldn’tstart.C．Shecouldn’tfindthekeys.10．Whatwillthemandonext?A．Calltheclient.B．Teachthewomanhowtoride.C．Examinethewireconnections.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．WhydoesthemanstayinNewYork?A．Tocompletehisbusinesscourse.B．Toteachattheuniversity.C．Togoonatrip.12．Whatisthemandoing?A．Buyingatelevision.B．Huntingforchairs.C．Visitinganapartment.13．Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheneighbourhood?A．It’sclean.B．It’sbig.C．It’sbusy.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Teacherandstudent.B．Hostandinterviewee.C．Husbandandwife15．Whatcanweknowabouttheanimalsinthedisasterashorttimeago?A．Thefishdiedofararedisease.B．Therewasoilonthebird’swings.C．Thewhaleswerewashedupontheshore.16．HowdoesthemanthinkofAlice’sjob?A．Relaxing.B．Free.C．Hard.17．WhydidAlicechoosethejob?A．Shehadaninterestinthesea.B．Shelikedbeingonthebeach.C．Shelovedoutdooractivities.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A．Anewumbrella.B．ThejourneyinParis.C．ThetrafficinFrance.19．Whatisthemainattractionofthehotel’slocationforthespeaker?A．Itisnearabakery.B．ItisclosetotheEiffelTower.C．ItisnotfarfromLouvre.20．WhydidthespeakercometoParis?A．Tovisitgoodfriends.B．TotasteFrenchfood.C．Toseesomeartworks.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APICKSOFTHEDAYMusic:CrossfireHurricane,BBC4,9p.m.Itisadocumentarythattracestheeventfulfirst20yearsofoneofBritain’smostsuccessfulrockbands,TheRollingStones.Featuringnever-before-seeninterviews,this2012filmrecordsthegroup’searlyyearsthroughto1981.MickJagger,KeithRichards,CharlieWatts,RonnieWood,BillWymanandMickTaylorrecollectkeymoments,includingtheinfamousAltamontconcertandtherecordingofcassisalbumExileOnMainStreet.Film:TheGirlInTheSpider’sWeb,Film4,9p.m.SwedishhackerLisbethSalanderishiredbycomputergeniusFransBaldertoretrieve(找回)Firefall,aprogrammecapableofaccessingtheworld’snuclearcodes,whichhedevelopedfortheNationalSecurityAgency.ThoughSalandermanagestofindFirefall,problemsarisewhenRussiancriminalsstealherlaptop.It’snotlongbeforeSalanderisfightingforherlifeagainstenemies.Thriller,starringClaireFoy,SylviaHoeksandStephenMerchant.Travel:KateHumble’sCoastalBritain,C5,8p.m.KateHumble’sstartingpointforthelatestlegofherjourneyisthepicturesquevillageofAlnmouth,oncealeadinggrainportinthe18thcentury.Today,it’sknownforitscolourfulhousesandasweepofsandybeachwhereKatemeetsaformerGP,Claire,whousesthesandtocreatetemporarylarge-scaleartworksandportraits,whicharevisibleforonlyafewhoursbeforethetide(潮水)sweepsthemaway.Gardening:MontyDon’sAdriaticGardens,BBC2,8p.m.ThepresenterbeginsthelatestleginthecityofTrieste,nearItaly’sborderwithCroatia.Hevisitsapublicgardencreatedbyanobsessiveroyalplantsmanmorethan150yearsago,whichisnowbeingcarefullyrestored.MontythenheadsdowntheAdriaticcoastthroughCroatiatopickupthetrailthattheVenetiansfollowed.Thegreen-fingeredexpertendshisjourneyontheislandofLopud,nearDubrovnik.1.WhichchannelwillyouchooseifyouareafanofClaireFoy?A.C5. B.Film4. C.BBC4. D.BBC2.2.Whocanusethesandtocreateartworks?A.Kate. B.Claire. C.Mick. D.Monty.3.Whatisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Afilmreview. B.Atextbook.C.Anadvertisement. D.Atravelbrochure.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四檔分別涉及音樂、電影、旅行和園藝的電視節(jié)目?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Film部分中“TheGirlInTheSpider’sWeb,Film4,9p.m.(《蜘蛛網(wǎng)中的女孩》，電影頻道4，晚上9點(diǎn))”和“Thriller,starringClaireFoy,SylviaHoeksandStephenMerchant.(驚悚片，主演ClaireFoy、SylviaHoeks和StephenMerchant)”可知，如果你是ClaireFoy的粉絲，你應(yīng)該在電影頻道4看由他主演的電影《蜘蛛網(wǎng)中的女孩》。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Travel部分中“Today,it’sknownforitscolourfulhousesandasweepofsandybeachwhereKatemeetsaformerGP,Claire,whousesthesandtocreatetemporarylarge-scaleartworksandportraits,whicharevisibleforonlyafewhoursbeforethetide(潮水)sweepsthemaway.(如今，它以色彩斑斕的房屋和綿延的沙灘而聞名，在那里，Kate遇到了一位前全科醫(yī)生Claire，他用沙子創(chuàng)作了臨時(shí)大型藝術(shù)品和肖像，在潮水沖走之前，只有幾個(gè)小時(shí)是可見的)”可知，Claire能用沙子創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)品。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是標(biāo)題“PICKSOFTHEDAY(每日精選)”可知，文章為讀者挑選了四部分別涉及音樂、電影、旅行和園藝的電視節(jié)目，介紹其播放的頻道、時(shí)間和節(jié)目大致內(nèi)容等信息，文章與電視娛樂相關(guān)，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知，它應(yīng)該出自一則廣告。故選C項(xiàng)。BIn1925,amalesled(雪橇)dognamedBaltoleda13-dogteamthroughanextremesnowstormduringthefinalpartofa1,088-kilometretrip,bringinglifesavingmedicinetotheAlaskancityofNomeduringanoutbreakofthediseasediphtheria(白喉),aseriousandsometimesdeadlyinfection.BaltowascelebratedasaherowhosepreservedbodystillstandsattheClevelandMuseumofNaturalHistoryinthestateofOhio.Recently,scientiststookDNAfromBalto’spreservedbodyandstudieditaspartofalargeprojectcalledZoonomia.Themassivestudycomparesgeneticinformationindifferentanimalsandhumans.BaltobelongedtoapopulationofworkingsleddogsinAlaska,whichwasfoundtohavegreatergeneticdiversityandgenetichealththanmoderndogs.Whendiphtheriaspread,Nome’sportwasblockedbyice.Sleddogsweretheonlywaytogettheimportantmedicinethere.Baltowasoneof150dogsthatpulledsledsforpartsofthe127-hourtrip.Duringthetrip,temperaturesreachedminus(零下)45degreesCelsius.Bornin1919,BaltowaspartofapopulationofsleddogsimportedfromSiberia,knownasSiberianhuskies(西伯利亞哈士奇).ThestudyshowedthesedogsgreatlydifferedfrommodernSiberianhuskies,however.Baltohadabodybuiltforstrengthandnotspeed,whichhisbreederdidn’tnecessarilylike.Thebreederhadthedog’ssexorgansremovedsohecouldn’tproduceyoungdogs.AftertheAlaskatrip,Balto’slifewasdifficult.Hewasmistreated.AvisitingClevelandbusinessmansawBalto’smistreatmentandboughtthedogsfor$1,500raisedbythelocalcommunityinCleveland.In1927,Baltoandhissevenco-runnerswerecelebratedinCleveland.TheyspenttheirrestlivescaredforatthelocalBrooksideZoo.Baltodiedofnaturalcausesin1933.KathleenMorrill,ascientist,saidofBalto’sheroicmission,“Thesespecializeddogsdon’tknowwhattheydohassuchgravityinpeople’slives.”Sheaddedthatthesleddogs’geneticmakeup“setthemuptobethebestanimalsforthejob”.4.Whatweresleddogsusedtododuringanoutbreakofdiphtheria?A.Lookfortheoriginofthisdisease.B.Transportemergencymedicines.CHelppatientsgotohospitalquickly.D.Discoverthemethodstocuretheillness.5.WhichinformationaboutBaltomatchesthecontentofthetext?A.ThelifespanofBaltoisabout14years.B.BaltoistheonlysurvivoroftheAlaskatrip.C.BaltohadmanyyoungbabiesinCleveland.D.RespectedinAlaska,Baltospentitsrestlifepeacefully.6.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Theremustbeauseforone’stalent.B.Fortunefavoursthepreparedmind.C.Agooddogdeservesagoodbone.D.Athousandmiletripbeginswithonestep.7.Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheStoryofaSledDogB.TheLongColdTriptotheAlaskanCityC.AHeroicTriptoSaveaDangerousCityD.SledDogHeroBalto:aGoodDogwithGreatGenes【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了1925年一只名叫Balto的雪橇犬在阿拉斯加諾姆市爆發(fā)白喉病時(shí)，帶領(lǐng)一支13只雪橇犬的隊(duì)伍完成了長達(dá)1088公里的艱難旅程，為該市帶來了救命的藥物，被譽(yù)為英雄。最近，科學(xué)家從Balto保存下來的尸體提取了DNA，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)它比現(xiàn)代狗有更大的基因多樣性和基因健康，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為雪橇犬的基因構(gòu)成使它們成為這項(xiàng)工作的最佳動(dòng)物。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1925,amalesled(雪橇)dognamedBaltoleda13-dogteamthroughanextremesnowstormduringthefinalpartofa1,088-kilometretrip,bringinglifesavingmedicinetotheAlaskancityofNomeduringanoutbreakofthediseasediphtheria(白喉),aseriousandsometimesdeadlyinfection.(1925年，一只名叫巴爾托的雄性雪橇犬帶領(lǐng)一支由13只狗組成的隊(duì)伍穿越了一場(chǎng)極端的暴風(fēng)雪，完成了1088公里旅程的最后一段，在阿拉斯加諾姆市爆發(fā)白喉(一種嚴(yán)重的有時(shí)是致命的傳染病)期間，它給該市帶來了救命的藥物)”可知，在白喉爆發(fā)期間，雪橇犬被用來運(yùn)送緊急藥品。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Bornin1919,BaltowaspartofapopulationofsleddogsimportedfromSiberia(Balto出生于1919年，是從西伯利亞引進(jìn)的雪橇犬中的一員)”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Baltodiedofnaturalcausesin1933.(Balto于1933年自然死亡)”可知，Balto的壽命約為14年（=1933-1919）。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“KathleenMorrill,ascientist,saidofBalto’sheroicmission,“Thesespecializeddogsdon’tknowwhattheydohassuchgravityinpeople’slives.”Sheaddedthatthesleddogs’geneticmakeup“setthemuptobethebestanimalsforthejob”.(科學(xué)家KathleenMorrill談到Balto的英勇使命時(shí)說，“這些專業(yè)的狗不知道它們的工作對(duì)人們的生活有如此重要的意義?！彼a(bǔ)充說，雪橇犬的基因構(gòu)成“使它們成為這項(xiàng)工作的最佳動(dòng)物”)”可知，雪橇犬的基因使得它們成為在阿拉斯加極寒天氣中進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸?shù)淖罴褎?dòng)物，對(duì)人們的生活有重要的意義。由此推知，我們可以從中得出結(jié)論“天生我材必有用”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章圍繞雪橇犬Balto展開。介紹了它為爆發(fā)白喉病的阿拉斯加諾姆市帶來救命的藥物的英勇事跡。最近，科學(xué)家從Balto保存下來的尸體提取了DNA，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)它比現(xiàn)代狗有更大的基因多樣性和基因健康，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為雪橇犬的基因構(gòu)成使它們成為這項(xiàng)工作的最佳動(dòng)物。因此，D項(xiàng)“雪橇犬英雄Balto：一只擁有很棒的基因的好狗”概括了Balto的事跡和科學(xué)家的基因發(fā)現(xiàn)，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。CGettysburgNationalMilitaryParkwasestablishedin1895,32yearsafterthedeadlybattle.Gettysburgisthemost-visitedoftheCivilWarbattlefields.ManyvisitorsstarttheirvisitattheGettysburgMuseumoftheCivilWar.Themuseumhastheworld’slargestcollectionofCivilWarobjects.Themuseumhasmorethan1millionitems,fromsoldiers’privatenotebooksanduniformstooriginalmapsofthebattlefield.ThemuseumalsohousestheGettysburgcyclorama(風(fēng)景畫幕)painting,showingthefinalattackintheBattleofGettysburg:Pickett’sCharge.GeorgePickettwasaConfederategeneral.OnJuly3,1863,heledachargeagainststrongerUnionforces.ItwasadisasterfortheConfederatesoldiers.FrenchartistPaulPhillippoteauxandateamof20artistscreatedthepaintinginthe1880s.Phillippoteauxandhisteamvisitedthebattlefield.Ittookmorethanoneyearforthehugepaintingtobecomplete.Thecycloramais114metreslongandalmost13metrestall.IthaslongbeenoneofthemostpopularpartsoftheGettysburgexperience.Butbythe1990s,thepaintingwasinpoorcondition.Expertswarnedthatifthecycloramawasnotrepaired,thepaintingcouldbelost.Arestorationprojectbeganin2003.Thepaintingwascleanedandseparatedintoits14parts,andlatermovedintothenewcentre.There,theoriginalcanvas(帆布)wassewnontonewclothmadeinChina.ParkserviceofficialssayChinawasoneofthefewcountriesabletoproduceclothinthesizesneeded.Theneachpartwashungandsewntogether.AteamofcycloramaexpertsfromPolandworkedontheprojectinGettysburg.TherepairworkoftheGettysburgCycloramamarkedoneofthelargestartconservationefforteverinNorthAmerica.Afterthemuseum,touristscanvisittheSoldiers’NationalCemetery,wheremanyoftheUnionsoldierswhodiedduringtheBattleofGettysburgareburied.ThecemeterywasdedicatedonNovember19,1863,thesamedayPresidentLincolngavehis“GettysburgAddress”.HistoriansagreethatLincoln’sGettysburgAddressdefinedAmericansasapeoplewhobelievedinfreedom,democracyandequality.8.WhatisdisplayedintheGettysburgcycloramapainting?A.Severalbattlefieldsites.B.SuppliesduringtheAmericanCivilWar.C.ThespeechdeliveredbyPresidentLincoln.D.TheintensesceneofthefinalbattleofGettysburg.9.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Therepairmaterialfortheproject.B.Thecountryproducingthecanvas.C.Thekeystepsoftheentirerepairprocess.D.Thecommentoftheparkserviceofficials.10.Whichcountrydidthetechnicalteamforrestorationcomefrom?A.France. B.China. C.Poland. D.TheUS.11.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Totellahistoricalevent.B.Tointroduceatraveldestination.C.ToexplainAmericanculture.D.TorememberLincoln’sGettysburgAddress.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了葛底斯堡國家軍事公園，公園內(nèi)有內(nèi)戰(zhàn)博物館，收藏豐富的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)物品，其中包括展示了皮克特沖鋒的葛底斯堡風(fēng)景畫幕，這幅畫已被專家修復(fù)好，游客還可以參觀士兵國家公墓?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThemuseumalsohousestheGettysburgcyclorama(風(fēng)景畫幕)painting,showingthefinalattackintheBattleofGettysburg:Pickett’sCharge.GeorgePickettwasaConfederategeneral.OnJuly3,1863,heledachargeagainststrongerUnionforces.ItwasadisasterfortheConfederatesoldiers.(該博物館還收藏了葛底斯堡風(fēng)景畫幕，展示了葛底斯堡戰(zhàn)役的最后攻擊：皮克特沖鋒。喬治·皮克特是一位南方邦聯(lián)將軍。1863年7月3日，他率領(lǐng)軍隊(duì)向更強(qiáng)大的聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)發(fā)起沖鋒。這對(duì)南方邦聯(lián)士兵來說是一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難)”可知，這幅風(fēng)景畫幕描繪的是葛底斯堡戰(zhàn)役的最后攻擊，南方邦聯(lián)軍隊(duì)對(duì)聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難性的沖鋒，因此畫面中呈現(xiàn)的是緊張的場(chǎng)面。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Arestorationprojectbeganin2003.Thepaintingwascleanedandseparatedintoits14parts,andlatermovedintothenewcentre.There,theoriginalcanvas(帆布)wassewnontonewclothmadeinChina.ParkserviceofficialssayChinawasoneofthefewcountriesabletoproduceclothinthesizesneeded.Theneachpartwashungandsewntogether.(修復(fù)工程于2003年開始。這幅畫被清理干凈，分成14個(gè)部分，后來搬到了新的中心。在那里，原來的帆布被縫在中國制造的新布上。公園管理局官員表示，中國是少數(shù)幾個(gè)能夠生產(chǎn)所需尺寸布料的國家之一。然后每一部分都被掛起來并縫在一起)”可知，本段主要介紹了整個(gè)修復(fù)工程中的關(guān)鍵步驟。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“AteamofcycloramaexpertsfromPolandworkedontheprojectinGettysburg.(一組來自波蘭的風(fēng)景畫幕專家在葛底斯堡完成了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目)”可知，修復(fù)的技術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)來自波蘭。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Afterthemuseum,touristscanvisittheSoldiers’NationalCemetery,wheremanyoftheUnionsoldierswhodiedduringtheBattleofGettysburgareburied.ThecemeterywasdedicatedonNovember19,1863,thesamedayPresidentLincolngavehis“GettysburgAddress”.(參觀完博物館后，游客可以參觀士兵國家公墓，那里埋葬著許多在葛底斯堡戰(zhàn)役中陣亡的聯(lián)邦士兵。這座公墓于1863年11月19日落成，同一天，林肯總統(tǒng)發(fā)表了他的《葛底斯堡演說》)”可知，本段主要介紹了供游客參觀的士兵國家公墓，包括所埋葬的人員、落成的時(shí)間，以及與《葛底斯堡演說》的關(guān)聯(lián)。由此推知，本段是為了介紹一個(gè)旅游目的地。故選B項(xiàng)。DAteamattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngelesdevelopedahuman-likerobotthatwilltakepartinaninternationalsoccercompetition.ThenameoftherobotisARTEMIS,whichstandsforAdvancedRoboticTechnologyforEnhancedMobilityandImprovedStability.Itstands142centimetrestallandweighs38kilogrammes.TheresearcherssaidARTEMISisoneofonlyafewhumanoidrobotsthatcanrun.Itcanalsojumpandwalkondifferentkindsofsurfaceswithoutlosingitsbalance.Therobotalsocankickaballandremainstandingevenwhenkickedorhit.Theengineerswhobuilttherobotsaiditcanwalkataspeedof2.1metrespersecond.ThiscouldmakeARTEMIStheworld’sfastestwalkinghumanoidrobot.Theteamsaidthegoaloftheprojectwastocreatearobotthatcanperformmanyhuman-likeactivities,particularlyplayingthesportofsoccer.Todothis,engineerssaidtheymodeledthedevicesthatcontroltherobotafterhumanmuscles.ARTEMISusesaseriesofsensorsandcamerastohelpitmoveandpositionitself.DennisHongisaUCLAprofessorofengineeringandthedirectoroftheuniversity’sRoboticsandMechanismsLaboratory.HeexplainedinastatementthereasonARTEMIScankeepgoodbalanceevenwhenwalkingandrunningoverunevensurfaces.Itisbecausetherobotis“gettingbothfeetoffthegroundwhileinmotion,”Hongsaid.Headded,“Thisisafirst-of-its-kindrobot.”AnotherdifferencebetweenARTEMISandotherhumanoidrobotsisthatitiscontrolledelectricallyinsteadofbyhydraulics(水力學(xué)).Thedeveloperssaidthismakestherobotquieterandcleanerrunning.Overthenextfewweeks,theywillworkonperfectingtherobot’ssoccerplayingskills.Onememberoftheteam,studentJustinQuan,saidhispersonalgoalisengineeringrobotsthatcanimprovepeople’slives.“Seeingtheserobotshelpingpushtherobottechnologytothatnextlevelisreallyrewardingbecauseyou’relike,oh,thedream,itgetscloser,”hesaid.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“humanoid”inParagraph2mean?A.Human-like. B.All-round. C.Automatic. D.Custom-designed.13.WhatmakesitpossibleforARTEMIStoplaysoccer?A.Itneverlosesbalance. B.Itcanmoveflexiblyforever.C.Ithaspowerfulsensoryfunctions. D.Itsdesignispatternedonthehumanmuscles.14.WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph4?A.ThewaythatARTEMISmaintainsbalanceinmotion.B.TheusingmethodandadvantagesofARTEMIS.C.ThemostadvancedtechnologyappliedtoARTEMIS.D.ThedistinctivefeaturesandworkingprincipleofARTEMIS.15.What’sJustinQuan’sattitudetothefutureofthelatestrobots?A.Critical. B.Hopeful. C.Concerned. D.Uninterested.【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)了一個(gè)人形機(jī)器人ARTEMIS，將參加一場(chǎng)國際足球比賽。文章介紹了ARTEMIS的一些特點(diǎn)和工作原理?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Itcanalsojumpandwalkondifferentkindsofsurfaceswithoutlosingitsbalance.Therobotalsocankickaballandremainstandingevenwhenkickedorhit.Theengineerswhobuilttherobotsaiditcanwalkataspeedof2.1metrespersecond.ThiscouldmakeARTEMIStheworld’sfastestwalkinghumanoidrobot.(它還可以在不同的表面上跳躍和行走而不會(huì)失去平衡。該機(jī)器人還可以踢球，即使被踢或被擊中也能保持站立。制造這款機(jī)器人的工程師表示，它的行走速度可以達(dá)到每秒2.1米。這將使ARTEMIS成為世界上行走速度最快的人形機(jī)器人)”可知，ARTEMIS可以像人一樣在不同的表面上跳躍和行走而不會(huì)失去平衡，即屬于似人類的機(jī)器人。故劃線詞意思是“似人類的”。故選A。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theteamsaidthegoaloftheprojectwastocreatearobotthatcanperformmanyhuman-likeactivities,particularlyplayingthesportofsoccer.Todothis,engineerssaidtheymodeledthedevicesthatcontroltherobotafterhumanmuscles.(該團(tuán)隊(duì)表示，該項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)可以執(zhí)行許多類似人類活動(dòng)的機(jī)器人，特別是踢足球。為了做到這一點(diǎn)，工程師們表示，他們模仿人類肌肉來模擬控制機(jī)器人的設(shè)備)”可知，以人體肌肉為模式的設(shè)計(jì)讓ARTEMIS能夠踢足球。故選D。【14題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“DennisHongisaUCLAprofessorofengineeringandthedirectoroftheuniversity’sRoboticsandMechanismsLaboratory.HeexplainedinastatementthereasonARTEMIScankeepgoodbalanceevenwhenwalkingandrunningoverunevensurfaces.Itisbecausetherobotis“gettingbothfeetoffthegroundwhileinmotion,”Hongsaid.Headded,“Thisisafirst-of-its-kindrobot.”AnotherdifferencebetweenARTEMISandotherhumanoidrobotsisthatitiscontrolledelectricallyinsteadofbyhydraulics(水力學(xué)).Thedeveloperssaidthismakestherobotquieterandcleanerrunning.Overthenextfewweeks,theywillworkonperfectingtherobot’ssoccerplayingskills.(丹尼斯·洪是加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的工程學(xué)教授，也是該校機(jī)器人與機(jī)械實(shí)驗(yàn)室的主任。他在一份聲明中解釋了ARTEMIS即使在不平坦的地面上行走和跑步也能保持良好平衡的原因。這是因?yàn)闄C(jī)器人“在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)雙腳離地，”洪說。他補(bǔ)充說，“這是同類機(jī)器人中的第一個(gè)?！盇RTEMIS與其他類人機(jī)器人的另一個(gè)區(qū)別是，它是由電力控制而不是液壓控制的。開發(fā)人員表示，這使機(jī)器人更安靜，更干凈。在接下來的幾個(gè)星期里，他們將致力于完善機(jī)器人的足球技巧)”可知，作者在第4段主要講了ARTEMIS在運(yùn)動(dòng)中保持平衡的方式。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Onememberoftheteam,studentJustinQuan,saidhispersonalgoalisengineeringrobotsthatcanimprovepeople’slives.“Seeingtheserobotshelpingpushtherobottechnologytothatnextlevelisreallyrewardingbecauseyou’relike,oh,thedream,itgetscloser,”hesaid.(該團(tuán)隊(duì)的一名成員、學(xué)生賈斯汀·全表示，他的個(gè)人目標(biāo)是設(shè)計(jì)出能夠改善人們生活的機(jī)器人。他說:“看到這些機(jī)器人幫助把機(jī)器人技術(shù)推向一個(gè)新的水平，真的很有意義，因?yàn)槟銜?huì)覺得，哦，夢(mèng)想越來越近了?！?”可知，賈斯汀·全對(duì)最新機(jī)器人的未來充滿希望。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Springapproaching,temperaturesarewarminganddaylightlastslonger.Peoplewholiketogardenmaybereadytogettheirhandsdirtyandstartclearingthegroundfornewplantings.____16____JessicaDamiano,onesuchexpert,saysthatremovingplantmattertooearlycandisturb(打擾)importantinsectsnotreadyforthecoolearlyspringtemperatures.____17____Removingtheplantmatterbeforetheinsectsbegintheirlifecycleswouldmeanremovingthemfromyourgarden.Fewerinsectsmeanlessfoodforbirdsandfewerflowersandvegetablesforthegardener.Expertsdonotallagreeonthebesttimetostartcleaningthegroundandgardenareainthespring.Buttheyusuallyagreetowaituntilthetemperaturesareregularlyabove10degreesCelsius.____18____Someexpertsdefine“regularly”asatleastfivedaysinarow.Damianosayssheusuallywaitssevennights.However,eventhen,shesaystokeeptheplantmatteronthegroundforanotherweekorsobeforeremovingitfromyourproperty.Thisgivesanyinsectsthatarestill“sleeping”enoughtimetowakeup.Earlycleaningofagardenisoftenfollowedbyearlymulching(覆蓋).Applyingmulchmakesthegardenlookneatandclean.____19____Theyarepartofalivingecosystem.Mulchisanimportantpartofahealthygarden.Itkeepssoilwet,limitsthegrowthofweeds,andhelpskeepsoiltemperatureseven.Buttimingisimportant.Mulchingbeforethesoilhaswarmedenoughwillkeepinthecoldandslowthereawakeningoftheplants.____20____Andifthesoiliswet,earlymulchingcanleadtomold,mildew,andfungaldiseases.Beforeapplyingmulch,waituntilitissafetoplantannualsandwarm-seasonvegetablesinyourarea.ForDamianoinNewYorkstate,thatmeanswaitinguntiltheendofMay.A.Thiscanalsolimittheirgrowth.B.Insectsarefairlylowdownthefoodchain.C.Thatiswhensleepinginsects“wakeup”.D.Butgardenexpertswarn—nottoofast.E.Inearlyspring,thoseinsectsarestillsleeping.F.Growingyoungplantsinearlyspringisanotherhardjob.G.ButDamianoremindsusthatsoilandplantsarenotjustforshow.【答案】16.D17.E18.C19.G20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在春季過早從事園藝活動(dòng)，清理花園并進(jìn)行覆蓋的弊端，提醒園藝從事者把握好合適的開始時(shí)機(jī)，幫助花園中的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)形成良性循環(huán)。【16題詳解】前文“Springapproaching,temperaturesarewarminganddaylightlastslonger.Peoplewholiketogardenmaybereadytogettheirhandsdirtyandstartclearingthegroundfornewplantings.(春天來了，氣溫變暖，白晝也更長了。喜歡園藝的人可能已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好弄臟他們的手，開始清理土地種植新植物。)”描述喜歡園藝的人在春天來臨時(shí)迫不及待地想種植新植物，后文“JessicaDamiano,onesuchexpert,saysthatremovingplantmattertooearlycandisturb(打擾)importantinsectsnotreadyforthecoolearlyspringtemperatures.(其中一位專家JessicaDamiano說，過早移除植物可能會(huì)干擾那些還沒有準(zhǔn)備好迎接早春涼爽氣溫的重要昆蟲。)”引用專家JessicaDamiano所說的話，提醒過早移除植物對(duì)一些重要昆蟲不利，前后語義有轉(zhuǎn)折，空處應(yīng)該和不宜過早移除植物相關(guān)，且會(huì)提到專家。因此D項(xiàng)“Butgardenexpertswarn—nottoofast.(但是園藝專家警告說，不要太快。)”符合語境，指明不宜太快種植新植物，和前文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，后文是支撐選項(xiàng)的原因，其中的experts和后文的expert是同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D?！?7題詳解】后文“Removingtheplantmatterbeforetheinsectsbegintheirlifecycleswouldmeanremovingthemfromyourgarden.(在昆蟲開始它們的生命周期之前清除植物物質(zhì)意味著將它們從你的花園中清除。)”提到此時(shí)清除植物意味著清除這些昆蟲，空處作為段首句，應(yīng)該引出后文內(nèi)容，和昆蟲此時(shí)的狀態(tài)相關(guān)。因此E項(xiàng)“Inearlyspring,thoseinsectsarestillsleeping.(早春時(shí)節(jié)，那些昆蟲還在沉睡。)”符合語境，指出此時(shí)昆蟲還在沉睡，后文的beforetheinsectsbegintheirlifecycles和其中的arestillsleeping呼應(yīng)。故選E?！?8題詳解】前文“Buttheyusuallyagreetowaituntilthetemperaturesareregularlyabove10degreesCelsius.(但他們通常同意等到氣溫定期在10攝氏度以上。)”介紹專家們都認(rèn)可的開始進(jìn)行園藝活動(dòng)的溫度，空處應(yīng)該和這個(gè)特定的溫度相關(guān)。因此C項(xiàng)“Thatiswhensleepinginsects“wakeup”.(這是沉睡的昆蟲“醒來”的時(shí)候。)”符合語境，指出該溫度下昆蟲會(huì)開始活動(dòng)，承接前文。故選C?！?9題詳解】前文“Earlycleaningofagardenisoftenfollowedbyearlymulching(覆蓋).Applyingmulchmakesthegardenlookneatandclean.(花園的早期清理通常伴隨著早期的覆蓋。應(yīng)用覆蓋物讓花園看起來整潔干凈。)”介紹花園被清潔后，會(huì)被覆蓋起來追求整潔干凈，后文“Theyarepartofalivingecosystem.(它們是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的一部分。)”提到某些東西屬于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，空處應(yīng)該會(huì)提到這些屬于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的東西。因此G項(xiàng)“ButDamianoremindsusthatsoilandplantsarenotjustforshow.(但Damiano提醒我們，土壤和植物不僅僅是為了美觀)”符合語境，指出土壤和植物的意義不僅是為了美觀，和前文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，后文是對(duì)其延伸，其中的forshow和前文的lookneatandclean呼應(yīng)，soilandplants是后文They指代的對(duì)象。故選G?！?0題詳解】前文“Buttimingisimportant.Mulchingbeforethesoilhaswarmedenoughwillkeepinthecoldandslowthereawakeningoftheplants.(但時(shí)機(jī)很重要。在土壤足夠溫暖之前進(jìn)行覆蓋將維持寒冷，減緩植物的重新蘇醒。)”介紹進(jìn)行覆蓋的時(shí)機(jī)很重要，過早覆蓋對(duì)植物有害，空處應(yīng)該會(huì)繼續(xù)介紹這樣做的危害。A項(xiàng)“Thiscanalsolimittheirgrowth.(這也會(huì)限制它們的生長。)”符合語境，指出也不利于植物生長，是對(duì)前文的遞進(jìn)，其中的This指代前文的Mulchingbeforethesoil，their指代前文的theplants。故選A。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ApetDobermansniffed(嗅)outa“perfect”kidneydonorforits44-year-olddyingowner.44-year-oldLucywastoldshehad5yearsto____21____bydoctors.Theysaidthe____22____ofherfindingadonorwas1in20million.Lucyspentyearsonthe____23____untilshefoundhersaviourbytotalcoincidenceonaWelshbeach.Sheandherpartner,Cenydd,hadtakentheirdogsJakeandIndietoBarryIslandBeachandIndiekeptrunningofftoa____24____about100yardsawayandwouldnotleaveheralone.Indiewentoverlikethreetimes,backandforwardtoher.Cenyddthoughtitwasnot____25____oftheirdogto____26____awomantheydidn’tknow.____27____,Cenyddwentovertoapologize,and____28____herovertotheirbarbecue.Thethreestartedchattingandeating.ThestrangerIndiewasbothering(打擾)____29____tobeKatie,40,fromBarry.WhenLucymentionedshecouldn’tdrinkalcoholasshewasondialysis,Katiesaidshehadrecentlyjoinedthekidneydonationregistertomakea(n)____30____donation.They____31____telephonenumbers,andtobehonestLucydidn’tthinkanythingelsewouldcomeofit.Afterblood____32____andscans,theresultcameback:Katiewasaperfect____33____.Lucywasso____34____thatshecouldn’tbelieveit.Thetransplant____35____inOctober2022anditwasatotalsuccess.Katie,LucyandCenyddhaveremainedfriendssincethedonationandhaveagroupchatwhichthey’vecalled“theKidneyGang”.21.A.stay B.act C.live D.leave22A.choice B.way C.ability D.chance23.A.waitinglist B.shoppinglist C.mailinglist D.readinglist24.A.friend B.stranger C.helper D.worker25.A.special B.frank C.contradictory D.polite26.A.recognize B.bother C.treat D.help27.A.Eventually B.Secretly C.Obviously D.Indirectly28.A.invested B.advised C.invited D.allowed29.A.turnedout B.cameout C.madeout D.lookedout30.A.available B.different C.selfless D.shiny31.A.changed B.charged C.showed D.exchanged32.A.texts B.tests C.treatment D.loss33.A.match B.assistant C.player D.result34.A.amused B.surprised C.scared D.lucky35.A.tookoff B.speededup C.brokeout D.tookplace【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.B25.D26.B27.A28.C29.A30.C31.D32.B33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是一位等待腎源的女士，被醫(yī)生告知獲得完美