新高考專用備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語易錯題易錯點(diǎn)16閱讀理解：詞義猜測題4大陷阱學(xué)生版

易錯點(diǎn)16閱讀理解詞義猜測題易錯陷阱1：詞義/詞組指代易混易錯點(diǎn)。【分析】這類題錯誤主要因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)詞匯量積累和詞根詞綴積累不足，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜詞是閱讀理解必不可少的能力。平時應(yīng)當(dāng)大量積累單詞，同時利用前后的同位關(guān)系或后面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜測。易錯陷阱2：代詞指代猜測易混易錯點(diǎn)?！痉治觥块喿x材料中的每個詞與它前面的詞語或句子甚至段落都有著密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。有時代詞與指代的對象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)對前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，認(rèn)真查找，才能得出代詞所指代的事。易錯陷阱3：句意猜測易混易錯點(diǎn)?！痉治觥看祟愵}型應(yīng)當(dāng)定位畫線句子，充分利用語法和邏輯關(guān)系分析原句。同時分析理解畫線句前后的語境，合理歸納總結(jié)找出與原句意思相同的選項(xiàng)并代入畫線處驗(yàn)證。切不可因?yàn)榫渲谐霈F(xiàn)熟詞，而脫離語境，望文生義?！疽族e點(diǎn)提醒一】詞義/詞組指代易混易錯點(diǎn)【例1】（湖南省常德市臨澧一中2023-2024學(xué)年高三階段試題）SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock”inparagraph5mean?A．Abasicpart. B．Adetailedmap.C．Abuildingmaterial. D．Amajorobstacle.【變式1】（吉林省長春市第二實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）Alistenerwhoseheadisinsome“sweetspot”hearshigh-qualitysound.Butasonegelsfartherfromthesweetspot,thesounddiminishes.That’sbecausesoundwavesfromdifferentloudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother’ssound.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Becomeslower. B．Travelsfaster.C．Getssweeter. D．Soundsnicer.【變式2】（湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)合測評試題）Actually,untilherpregnancyQuarleshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwentsountillastyear.“Iwasexhausted,”shesays.“I’dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”......Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Safeandslow. B．Fastanddangerous.C．Excitingandterrifying. D．Gentleandcomfortable.【變式3】（廣東省揭陽市普寧市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）Inearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofChicagoinIllinois,Iworkedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccinedelivery.AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.......Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“hitarut”inparagraph1mean?A．Stoppedprogressingsmoothly. B．Hadveryslowreactions.C．Acceptedhardwork’svalue. D．Overcameabigproblem.【易錯點(diǎn)提醒二】代詞指代猜測易混易錯點(diǎn)【例2】（安徽省皖江名校聯(lián)盟2023年高三聯(lián)考）ThecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreatsfacingtheAfricancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellaspreventing250milliontonsofcarbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.“TheGreatGreenWall…isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,”saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionCommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative.“Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisistheverythingofus!”Whatdoes“us”underlinedinParagraph3referto?AfricanUnions.B．Alladvocates. C．Landowners. D．AllAfricans.【變式2】（湖南省常德市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）RegulatorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.Forinstance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm.“ComparedtoAmerica,Denmarksetsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,”saidXeniaTrier,anexpertattheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency.“Itdoesworktosetlimitsandenforcethem.PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.Ingeneral,transmissionfrompackagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthesamewiththetimespentinwrappingmaterials.”TriertoldNBS,oneofthemajorAmericanmass-mediacompanies.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A．Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.B．PFAStransmissionfrompackagingtofood.C．Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.D．Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.【變式3】（2023年全國高三專項(xiàng)練習(xí)）Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemicalthatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssawpicturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.......Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inparagraph3referto?A．Amidbrainarea. B．Asocialactivity. C．Avolunteer. D．Ahamburger.【易錯點(diǎn)提醒三】句意猜測易混易錯點(diǎn)【例3】（山東省曲阜師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年質(zhì)量檢測）

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹沒)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.......Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat______.A．howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfiedB．howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoorC．thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelifeD．thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage【變式1】（浙江省名校協(xié)作體2023-2024學(xué)年高三適應(yīng)性試題）Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginnerseachweek,Aliciawasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15yearscombinedandI’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.......Whatdoesthefatherimplybysaying“I’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.”?A．Itisrewardingtolearnnewskills. B．Skiinghasbecomehislifelonghobby.C．Hewillexploremorewithhisdaughter. D．Hisdaughterwillaccompanyhimforever.【變式2】（2022年全國高三專練）Whenyouneedajobverymuch,youmayenduptakingOfcourse,youmayseektasksandresponsibilitiesthatforceyoutolearnsomethingnewortoworkharder.“Youmaybeoperatingonautopilot（習(xí)慣性地）rightnow,butchancesarethatpeopleaboveyouarestressed,”SarahHathornsays.“Takethingsoffyourboss’splateandlethimknowwhichprojectsortasksyouwanttolearnmoreabout.”......Theunderlinedwords“takethingsoffyourboss’splate”mean______.A．drawyourboss’sattention B．shareyourboss’sburdensC．giveyourbossusefuladvice D．a(chǎn)skyourbossforabetterposition【變式3】（2022·湖北孝感高三模擬）AssoonasIstartedpedalingagain,mypantsgotcaughtinthechain,andIfellflatonmyfaceandhitmynose.Sincethathappenedtmygranddaddecidedtocallitadayandtryagainthenextmorning.ThenextmorningIwokeupbrightandearly,andwasveryeagertotrytoridemybike.Mynosefeltbetter,soIwasn’tthatafraidoffallinganymore.......Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthepassagemean?A．Rememberwhathappenedthisday.B．Maketheauthorfeelhappy.C．Stoppracticingbicycling.D．Goontorideabike.1.（2023年全國甲卷）TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY(do-it-yourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.......Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?Anartist. B．Awinner. C．Aspecialist. D．Apioneer.2.（2023年全國乙卷）Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.3.（2022年新高考I卷）......WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate4.（湖北省部分學(xué)校2023-2024學(xué)年高三起點(diǎn)試題）Usingfirst-of-their-kindobservationsfromtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.aUniversityofMinnesotaTwinCities-ledteamlookedmorethan13billionyearsintothepasttodiscoveraunique,minusculegalaxycluster(星系團(tuán))thatgeneratednewstarsatanextremelyhighrateforitssize.Thegalaxyisoneofthesmallesteverdiscoveredatthisdistance—around500millionyearsaftertheBigBang—andcouldhelpastronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepresentshortlyaftertheuniversecameintoexistence.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“minuscule”inparagraphlmean?A．Extremelysmall. B．Remarkablydark.C．Especiallyremote. D．Quitecomplicated.5.（貴州省六盤水市2023-2024學(xué)年高三診斷性檢測題）ButOreosdon’tattractyouwithtastealone;scentshaveahugeimpactontheeatingexperience.WhenyoubiteintoanOreo,chemicalsinthecookiereleaseodorantsintotheairinsideyourmouth.Thesescentsflowtoyournasalcavity(鼻腔),wheretheyinteractwithsmellreceptors(感受器)andenteryourbrain’sdecoding(解碼)process.Yourbrainislikelytofindthosesmellsdelightful,saysCharlesSpence,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUK’sUniversityofOxford.Spencesayschocolateandvanillaaretwooftheworld’smostlikedsmells.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthefourthparagraphreferto?Chocolates. B．Chemicals. C．Cookies. D．Scents.（福建省廈門集美中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試卷）“Let’stakeabreak,”partwaythroughthemeeting,mybossstood,saying.“Ineedmorecoffee.”Ipickedupmyemptycup.“Ido,too,”Isaid,andhandedittohimacrossthetable.“Thanks,”Iadded,lookingathimexpectantly.Thebosswasstaggeredforamoment,andthentookthecupfromme.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggered”meaninthesixthparagraph?A．Amused. B．Shocked.C．Depressed. D．Excited.7.（安徽省合肥市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三質(zhì)檢試題）Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmostcloselylooklikethetestitself.AndsoastheBigStandardizedTestshavespread,publishershavecrankedoutvarietiesofcoachingworkbooksthatareallcollectionsofshortexcerptsaccompaniedbyasetofmultiplechoicequestions.Insteadofteachingstudentshowtoreadawholebook,weteachthemhowtotakeastandardizedtest.......Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethephrase“crankedout”inparagraph4?charged B．canceled C．changed D．Produced8.(福建省政和縣第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題)Bennett,57,heldonthrough60tomorrows,farlongerthananypreviouspatientwho’dreceivedaheartfromanotherspecies.Hisremarkablerunofferednewhopethatsuchprocedures,knownasxenotransplantation(異種移植),couldhelprelievetheshortageofreplacementorgans,savingthousandsofliveseachyear.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“run”inparagraph2referto?A．Donatinghishearttoapatient.B．Performingtheheartoperation.C．Livingfor60daysaftertheoperation.D．Receivinganewheartfromapig.（福建省廈門雙十中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試題）Sincetherewasusuallynotenoughtimeforabystanderpigtobecomeinvolvedintheheatofaconflict,thoughthisdidoccur,DrNorscialookedatwhathappenedinthethreeminutesimmediatelyfollowingafight.Sometimes,hefound,thefightersreconciledwitheachotherontheirown.Themoredistantlyrelatedthefighterswere,themorefrequentlythishappened.DrNorsciaguessedthatrelationsbetweencloserelativesaremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelationsrapidlyislessnecessaryforthem.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reconciled”probablymeaninparagraph4?Caughtup. B．Keptintouch. C．Madeup. D．Changedintune.10.（福建省龍巖第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVerafounditextremelyemotionaltohavetoreleaseherbackoutintothewildtofendforherself—eventhoughtheyknewitwastherightthingtodo.Butafterhavingsuchastrongbondwithananimal,itwasreallydifficulttoseehergo.Theyhadputsomuchtime,effortandenergyintoraisingherbuttoseeherwalkinginaherdofblesboksmadeitallworthwhile.......Whichwordcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“fend”inthelastparagraph?A．Look. B．Care.C．Search. D．Hunt.11.（河北省衡水市第二中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三9月檢測試題）Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstandhowthebrainusesthisfollowinginformationtoadjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,theyconductedaseriesofexperimentsinwhichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllablesandsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(聽覺皮層)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.......Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Thepreviousspeechsound. B．Thesimilarlysoundingword.C．Theunclearlysoundingword. D．Thefollowingspeechsound.12.（河北省保定市重點(diǎn)高中2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）Ifyouareofthe“noregrets”schooloflife,youmaythinkthatallthisregretisarecipeforunhappiness.Butthatisn’tthecase.Lettingyourselfbeoverwhelmedbyregretisindeedbadforyou.Butgoingtotheotherextrememaybeevenworse.Toextinguishyourregretsdoesn’tfreeyoufromshameorsorrowbutcausesyoutomakethesamemistakesagainandagain.Totrulygetoverourguiltrequiresthatweputregretinitsproperplace.......Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extinguish”inparagraph2mean?Admit. B．Destroy. C．Treasure. D．Encounter.13.（2024屆浙江省紹興市高三上學(xué)期模擬預(yù)測英語試題）NickVerel,a53-year-oldkidneytransplant(腎臟移植)recipientinOhio,shouldhavebeennearthetopofthelisttoreceiveaCOVID-19vaccine(疫苗).Yetlikemillionsofothers,hewasn’thavinganyluckschedulinganappointment.Nickwouldsitwithcomputersonhislaptryingforhourstobookanappointmentondifferentsites,whichendedupinvainnomatterhowconcentratedhewas.“Ifelthopeless,”Nicksays.ThenheheardaboutZwinggi,a40-year-oldmotherofthreewhowashelpingtosecureappointmentsforvulnerableindividualslikeNick.SohemessagedZwinggionFacebook:Canyouhelp?Thirty-fiveminuteslater,Zwinggireportedback—Nicksuccessfullyhadanappointmenttogetthevaccine.4．Theunderlinedwords“vulnerableindividuals”inparagraph2refertothose______.A．whoaretoooldtobookanapp