2024年新高考考前押題密卷英語（廣東山東卷）（全解全析）

地理第2頁（共3頁）2024年高考考前押題密卷（廣東山東卷）英語·全解全析（考試時間：100分鐘試卷滿分：120分）注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。因筆試不考聽力，選擇題從第二部分的“閱讀”開始。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項的答案信息點涂黑;如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A（原創(chuàng)試題）題源：Adaptedfrom:EAbouttheAdventureTakeonanexcitingjourneythroughtheAyungRiver,thelongestraftingrouteinBali,offeringanunforgettablewhite-waterraftingexperience!WithrapidsrangingfromlevelIItoIII,youradventurewillspanapproximately2hoursofheart-poundingexcitement.Ledbyourknowledgeableandfriendlyraftguides,you'llnavigatetheriversafelywhileimmersingyourselfinBali'sstunningnaturalbeauty.Gainuniqueinsightsintotherainforestasyoutacklethrillingrapidsandcreatelastingmemoriesalongtheway.PackagesPriceAyungRiverRaftingOwnTransportIDR350/PersonAyungRiverRaftingGroupof2,includingReturnHotelTransferIDR550/PersonAyungRiverRaftingGroupof3–4,includingReturnHotelTransferIDR485/PersonAyungRiverRaftingGroupof5+,includingReturnHotelTransferIDR430/PersonTipsDress:Werecommendwearingshortpantsoraswimsuitforcomfortduringtheraftingadventure.Don'tforgettobringachangeofclothesforafterthetrip.SunProtection:Applysunscreengenerouslytoprotectyourskinfromthetropicalsun.Footwear:Bepreparedforsomewalkingwithsturdyshoes,especiallyatthebeginningandendofthetourwheresteeproadsareencountered.Sustainability:Helpreduceplasticwastebybringingyourownplasticbagsforwetclothes.Whilesingle-useraincoatsareavailable,bringingyourownisencouragedtominimizeplasticusage.ExtraFunds:CarrysomeextracashforpurchasingdrinksandsouvenirstocommemorateyourAyungRiverraftingexperience.Don'tmissoutonthisunforgettableadventurethatcombinesthebeautyofBali'snaturallandscapeswiththeexcitementofwhite-waterraftingontheAyungRiver!1.WhatisthedurationoftheAyungRiverraftingadventurementionedinthepassage?A)Approximately1hourB)About2hoursC)Around3hoursD)Over4hours2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisrecommendedattireforparticipantsoftheAyungRiverraftingtrip?A)LongpantsandasweaterB)SwimsuitorshortpantsC)FormalclothesD)Winterjacketandboots3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsustainabilitypracticesduringtheAyungRiverraftingadventureisNOTtrue?A)Participantsareencouragedtobringtheirownplasticbagsforwetclothes.B)Single-useraincoatsareavailableincaseofrain.C)Bringingyourownraincoatisrecommendedtoreduceplasticusage.D)Plasticbagsforwetclothesareprovidedbythetourcompany.【答案】1．B2．B3．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了在巴厘島阿永河進(jìn)行漂流探險的體驗。漂流路線全長，約為2小時，由專業(yè)的導(dǎo)游帶領(lǐng)，漂流過程中將會遇到級別為II到III的急流，讓游客在激流中感受到刺激與快樂。同時，文章提供了不同的價格套餐供選擇，并給出了一些建議，包括著裝、防曬、穿鞋、可持續(xù)性以及額外費用等方面的建議。1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Youradventurewillspanapproximately2hoursofheart-poundingexcitement,”可知，阿永河漂流探險持續(xù)大約2小時。因此，正確答案為B)?！?題詳解】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Theyrecommendwearingswimsuitsorshorts,alongwithwatershoesorsandalsforcomfort,”可知，參與者推薦穿著泳衣或短褲。因此，正確答案為B)泳衣或短褲。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，提及了鼓勵參與者攜帶自己的塑料袋用于裝濕衣物，但沒有提及旅行公司提供濕衣物用的塑料袋，因此選項D)旅行公司提供濕衣物用的塑料袋是不正確的。選項A)鼓勵參與者攜帶自己的塑料袋用于裝濕衣物，與文章內(nèi)容一致。選項B)提供一次性雨衣以備下雨時使用，與文章內(nèi)容一致。選項C)建議自帶雨衣以減少塑料使用，與文章內(nèi)容一致。因此，正確答案為D)旅行公司提供濕衣物用的塑料袋。BGrowingupontheshoresofLakeHuronintheCanadianprovinceofOntario,RobertBerdanwasneverfarfromwater.Whenhewasinsixthgrade,hereceivedatoymicroscopeforChristmas.Someofthefirstthingshesawthroughitslensweretinycreaturesinsidedropletshe’dgatheredfromalocalpond.Hewasfascinatedwiththemicroorganisms.Aftereighthgrade,Berdanupgradedtoamoresophisticatedmodelandrealizeditwasaportaltoanotherworld.“Thenewmicroscopechangedmylife,”hesays.“Icouldseesomuchmore.”Hebegarstudyingphotographyandbuyingcamerastofitonhismicroscope.Hecapturedimagesofferns,mushrooms,andtrees,andlearnedhowtodevelopfilm.HealsodevelopedhismicroscopyskillssomuchsothatheearnedadoctoraldegreeincellularbiologyandspentfiveyearsrunningalabattheUniversityofAlbertainEdmonton.ButBerdanneverforgothistwoearlypassions-beingimmersedinnatureandphotographingitstinydetails-andhedecidedtoreturntothem.Hissubjectsrangefromsnowflakestosprucetrees.Toseethelatterunderamicroscope,Berdancollectsasmallbranchandwieldsspecializedtoolstoshaveoffpaper-thinslices,whichhedyesredorblue.Forthefinalimages,heoftenusesaprocesscalledfocusstacking,inwhichsimilarphotoswithdifferentfocalplanesaremixedtogethertoachieveamoreprofounddepthoffield,andhesometimessewsphotostogethertocreateviews.“Iinvestigateanythingthatmighthavepossibilities,”hesays.Andheencouragesotherstodothesamewithamicroscope.“Anytoolthatamplifiesourabilitytoseewillenhanceourcreativity,”henotes“Ourobservationscanpotentiallyleadtonewdiscoveriesandsolutions.”4．WhatinspiredBerdantopursuehispassionformicroscopicphotography?A．Workinginacellularbiologylab.B．Earningadoctoraldegreeincellularbiology.C．Tinymicroscopesfromalocalpond.D．ChildhoodexperiencesnearLakeHuron.5．Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?A．Berdan’schildhoodexperiencewithmicroscopes.B．Berdan’sreasonforstudyingforadoctoraldegree.C．Berdan’stransitionfromamateurtoprofessional.D．Berdan’shardworkofrunningalabinEdmonton.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“amplifies”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Expands. B．Decreases. C．Mixes. D．Changes.7．WhatcanbeinferredaboutBerdan’sskillinmicroscopicphotography?A．Hehasreceivedformaltraininginphotographyandmicroscopy.B．Hemainlyfocusesoncapturingimagesofvariousmicroscopes..C．Heexperimentswithdifferentwaystoenhancethedepthoffield.D．Heisthemostskilledbiologistincapturingmushroomsandtrees.【答案】4．D5．C6．A7．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Berdan在加拿大安大略省休倫湖畔長大，從小對水和其中的微生物充滿好奇。六年級時，他收到了一臺玩具顯微鏡，開始觀察微觀世界。他鼓勵其他人也使用顯微鏡，認(rèn)為這樣的工具能夠增強我們的觀察能力，激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力，并可能導(dǎo)致新的發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決方案。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“GrowingupontheshoresofLakeHuronintheCanadianprovinceofOntario,RobertBerdanwasneverfarfromwater.Whenhewasinsixthgrade,hereceivedatoymicroscopeforChristmas.Someofthefirstthingshesawthroughitslensweretinycreaturesinsidedropletshe’dgatheredfromalocalpond.Hewasfascinatedwiththemicroorganisms.(羅伯特·伯丹(RobertBerdan)在加拿大安大略省的休倫湖岸邊長大，從來沒有遠(yuǎn)離過水。六年級時，他收到了一個玩具顯微鏡作為圣誕禮物。他通過鏡頭看到的第一批東西是他從當(dāng)?shù)爻靥潦占乃卫锏奈⑿∩?。他對微生物很著?”可知，是休倫湖附近的童年經(jīng)歷激發(fā)了伯丹對顯微攝影的熱情。故選D項。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Aftereighthgrade,Berdanupgradedtoamoresophisticatedmodelandrealizeditwasaportaltoanotherworld.“Thenewmicroscopechangedmylife,”hesays.“Icouldseesomuchmore.”Hebegarstudyingphotographyandbuyingcamerastofitonhismicroscope.Hecapturedimagesofferns,mushrooms,andtrees,andlearnedhowtodevelopfilm.HealsodevelopedhismicroscopyskillssomuchsothatheearnedadoctoraldegreeincellularbiologyandspentfiveyearsrunningalabattheUniversityofAlbertainEdmonton.(八年級后，伯丹升級到一個更復(fù)雜的模型，并意識到這是一個通往另一個世界的門戶?！靶嘛@微鏡改變了我的生活，”他說?！拔铱梢钥吹礁?。”他開始學(xué)習(xí)攝影，并為他的顯微鏡購買相機。他拍攝了蕨類植物、蘑菇和樹木的照片，并學(xué)會了如何沖洗膠卷。他還提高了他的顯微鏡技術(shù)，以至于他獲得了細(xì)胞生物學(xué)的博士學(xué)位，并在埃德蒙頓的阿爾伯塔大學(xué)(UniversityofAlberta)主管了五年的實驗室)”可知，本段主要講述了伯丹從業(yè)余到專業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選C項。6．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)后文“willenhanceourcreativity(都會增強我們的創(chuàng)造力)”可推知，本句表達(dá)“任何能增強我們觀察能力的工具都會增強我們的創(chuàng)造力”之意，所以amplifies為“增強”之意，和A項意思相近。故選A項。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Toseethelatterunderamicroscope,Berdancollectsasmallbranchandwieldsspecializedtoolstoshaveoffpaper-thinslices,whichhedyesredorblue.Forthefinalimages,heoftenusesaprocesscalledfocusstacking,inwhichsimilarphotoswithdifferentfocalplanesaremixedtogethertoachieveamoreprofounddepthoffield,andhesometimessewsphotostogethertocreateviews.(為了在顯微鏡下觀察后者，伯丹收集了一根小樹枝，并用專門的工具刮掉紙一樣薄的薄片，然后把它們?nèi)境杉t色或藍(lán)色。對于最終的圖像，他經(jīng)常使用一種稱為焦點堆疊的過程，將不同焦平面的相似照片混合在一起，以獲得更深刻的景深，他有時會將照片縫在一起以創(chuàng)造視圖)”可知，從伯丹的顯微攝影技巧可以推斷出他試驗了不同的方法來增強景深。故選C項。CWheninstantcakemixesfirstappearedinthe1950s,Americanhousewivesweredoubtful.Thesemixes,promisingeasycake-baking,felttooeasy.Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.ThisreflectstheIKEAeffect(宜家效應(yīng)),whichisidentifiedbypsychologistMichaelI.Nortonandhiscolleagues,suggestingweplacegreatervalueonthingswehaveworkedtocreate.Theyconductedfourstudiesinwhichtheyaskedparticipantstofoldpapercranesandfrogs,assembleIKEAboxes,andbuildsetsofLegos.Theythenaskedthebuilderstobid(出價)fortheircreations,andcomparedthepriceswithbidsfrompeoplewhohadn’tbuiltthem.Thebuildersconsistentlyoutbidthenon-builders.Interestingly,theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofullypersonalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants’foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesired,theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.Today,ascitiesaresufferingfromseverehousingcrises,theIKEAeffectcangiveusinsightintothewell-beingbenefitsofaself-buildingapproachtohousingdevelopment.ProjectslikeWikiHouseandthe“half-a-house”approachpioneeredbyAlejandroAravena’sarchitecturecompanyElementalareworkingtomakehousingmoreaffordableandsustainablebymakingiteasierforpeopletobuildandpersonalizetheirownhomes.“Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment,theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit,”WikiHouseco-founderAlastairParvinexplained.“Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking,theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves.”8．Whatbroughtcustomersthejoyofcake-bakingaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Abettertaste. B．Aneasyapproach.C．Adetailedrecipe. D．Anadditionaleffort.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3imply?A．Creationsarebasedonskills. B．Extralaborincreasesperceivedvalue.C．Beautyisfoundthroughcontrast. D．Strictmanagementbringsgoodquality.10．WhatisAlastairParvin’sattitudetowardspublicinvolvementinhousing?A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.11．What’sthepurposeofthistext?A．Topromoteabrand. B．Tomakeaproposal.C．Toexplainaconcept. D．Tointroduceastudy.【答案】8．D9．B10．D11．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。本文通過討論宜家效應(yīng)以及幾個實驗研究的結(jié)果，論述了人們更加珍視自己親手創(chuàng)造的東西，并由此引發(fā)了對自我建造住房的好處的思考。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Themanufacturersdiscoveredthatrequiringtheadditionofanegginthebakingprocesswasjustenoughtomakethehousewiveshappywiththeirwork.Thegreatersenseofeffortgainedfromalittleextralaborisbelievedtohavebeenessentialtothelatersuccessofthecakemix.(制造商發(fā)現(xiàn)，在烘焙過程中加入一個雞蛋就足以讓主婦們對自己的工作感到滿意。從一點點額外的勞動中獲得的更大的努力感被認(rèn)為是蛋糕粉后來成功的關(guān)鍵)”可知，額外的努力給顧客帶來了蛋糕烘焙的樂趣。故選D項。9．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Interestingly,theIKEAeffectworksevenwhenpeoplehavenoopportunitytofullypersonalizetheircreations.Whilemostparticipants’foldingskillsleftmuchtobedesired,theylovedtheirimperfectlypersonalizedproductsallthemore.Buildersvaluedtheirwrinkledcrane-likecreationsnearlyfivetimesasmuchasnon-builders.(有趣的是，即使人們沒有機會完全個性化他們的作品，宜家效應(yīng)也會起作用。雖然大多數(shù)參與者的折疊技巧還有很多不足之處，但他們更喜歡自己不完美的個性化產(chǎn)品。建筑商對他們皺巴巴的像起重機一樣的創(chuàng)造物的估價幾乎是非建筑商的五倍)”可知，本段主要講述額外的勞動會讓參與者更喜歡自己的作品，所以Beauty,itseems,isintheeyeofthebuilder.意為“額外的勞動增加了感知價值”。故選B項。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Themomentpeopleareinvolvedwiththeirbuiltenvironment,theyhaveatotallydifferentrelationshiptoit,”WikiHouseco-founderAlastairParvinexplained.“Whentheroofstartsleakingoradoorstartscreaking,theyhavethepowertofixitthemselves.”(WikiHouse的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人AlastairParvin解釋說：“當(dāng)人們參與到他們的建筑環(huán)境中時，他們與環(huán)境的關(guān)系就完全不同了?！薄爱?dāng)屋頂開始漏水或門開始吱吱作響時，他們有能力自己修理?！?”可知，AlastairParvin認(rèn)為公眾參與住房建設(shè)，他們與環(huán)境的關(guān)系就完全不同了，所以是持支持的態(tài)度。故選D項。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ThisreflectstheIKEAeffect(宜家效應(yīng)),whichisidentifiedbypsychologistMichaelI.Nortonandhiscolleagues,suggestingweplacegreatervalueonthingswehaveworkedtocreate.Theyconductedfourstudiesinwhichtheyaskedparticipantstofoldpapercranesandfrogs,assembleIKEAboxes,andbuildsetsofLegos.Theythenaskedthebuilderstobid(出價)fortheircreations,andcomparedthepriceswithbidsfrompeoplewhohadn’tbuiltthem.Thebuildersconsistentlyoutbidthenon-builders.(這反映了心理學(xué)家邁克爾·i·諾頓(MichaelI.Norton)及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)的宜家效應(yīng)(IKEAeffect)，即我們更看重自己努力創(chuàng)造的東西。他們進(jìn)行了四項研究，要求參與者折疊紙鶴和青蛙，組裝宜家盒子，搭建樂高積木。然后，他們要求建筑商為他們的作品出價，并將價格與沒有建造這些作品的人的出價進(jìn)行比較。建筑商的出價始終高于非建筑商)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要解釋什么是宜家效應(yīng)(IKEAeffect)，所以本文的目的是解釋一個概念。故選C項。DPoweroftenboostsanemployee’screativitybecausebeingpowerfulliberatestheindividualfromrestrictions.However,newresearchshowsthatemployeeswhoarenotinpositionsofpowercanbecomemorecreativewhengiventimeto“warmup”toataskbyengaginginthecreativetaskmorethanonce.“Thisisimportantbecausewhenpeoplewithmorepowerareabletoexpresstheircreativeideasmorethanthosewithlesspower,whichleadstoarich-get-richerdynamicthatstrengthensthesepowerimbalances,”saidBrianLucas,assistantprofessorintheCornellUniversity.“Understandingwaystoboostthecreativityoflowerpowerworkerscanhelpthemfindtherightwaytodealwiththislow-powerdisadvantage,”Lucassaid.Lucasandhiscolleaguesconductedtwostudiestoreachtheirconclusion．Inthefirststudy,theydividedthecreativeideagenerationsessionintotworoundsconsistingofaone-minute“warmup”followedbyasecondroundinwhichtheparticipantscouldtakeaslongastheywanted．Participantswererandomlyassignedtoahigh-powerconditionoralow-powercondition,andfeelingsofpowerweregeneratedwitharolemanipulation(操縱)whereparticipantsweregivenaleadershiproleandcontroloverresources(highpower)oranemployeerolewithnocontroloverresources(lowpower).Thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsinthewarm-upround．Therewasnodifference,though,increativityinthesecondround.Inthesecondstudy,theresearchersgavethemadifferentcreativetaskandincreasedthenumberofroundsfromtwosessionstofive,takingaslongastheyliketocompletethetask.Similartothefirststudy,thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsinthefirstround．Butthecreativityoflow-powerindividualscaughtuptothecreativityofthehigh-powerindividualsafterthefirstround.“Thelow-powerwarm-upeffectsuggestsasimpleinterventionthatempowersallemployeestotaptheircreativepotentialandovercomespowerimbalancesintheworkplace:whenpursuingcreativework,letemployeeswarmupfirst,”Lucassaid.12．WhydoesLocusthinkitimportanttoboostthecreativityoflowerpowerworkers?A．Itmaintainspowerimbalances.B．Itmotivatestheirambitiontocatchup.C．Itcreatesacompetitiveworkenvironment.D．Itencouragesaworkplacewithmoreequality.13．HowdidLucasandhisco-authorsstimulatefeelingsofpowerintheparticipants?A．Throughacreativetaskwithtimelimits.B．Throughprovidingthemwithdifferentpositions.C．Throughacompetitionbetweenleadersandemployees.D．Throughassigningthemtodifferentconditionsintentionally.14．Howdidthesecondstudydifferfromthefirststudy?A．Ithadfewerrounds. B．Itinvolvedmoreparticipants.C．Participantshadachangedtask. D．Participants’creativitygapbecamewider.15．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Powertendstoencouragecreativeideas.B．Changingtasksboostsalltheemployees’creativity.C．Warm-uptimecorrectscreativitypowerimbalances.D．Low-powerindividualsoutperformthehigh-powerones.【答案】12．D13．B14．C15．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，給予熱身時間后，職位低的員工的創(chuàng)造力可以得到提升。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中““Understandingwaystoboostthecreativityoflowerpowerworkerscanhelpthemfindtherightwaytodealwiththislow-powerdisadvantage,”Lucassaid.(盧卡斯說：“了解如何提高低權(quán)力員工的創(chuàng)造力，可以幫助他們找到正確的方法來應(yīng)對這種低權(quán)力的劣勢?！?”可知，了解如何促進(jìn)職位較低員工的創(chuàng)造力，能夠幫助他們找到正確的方法來應(yīng)對職位低的劣勢，讓他們產(chǎn)生更多創(chuàng)造性想法，從而促進(jìn)工作場所更加公平公正。故選D。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Participantswererandomlyassignedtoahigh-powerconditionoralow-powercondition,andfeelingsofpowerweregeneratedwitharolemanipulation(操縱)whereparticipantsweregivenaleadershiproleandcontroloverresources(highpower)oranemployeerolewithnocontroloverresources(lowpower)(參與者被隨機分配到高權(quán)力情境或低權(quán)力情境，并通過角色操縱產(chǎn)生權(quán)力感，參與者被賦予領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色和控制資源的角色(高權(quán)力)或沒有控制資源的員工角色(低權(quán)力)。)”可知，參與者的權(quán)力感是通過給予參與者不同的角色（leadership或employeerole）來產(chǎn)生的。故選B。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Inthesecondstudy,theresearchersgavethemadifferentcreativetaskandincreasedthenumberofroundsfromtwosessionstofive,takingaslongastheyliketocompletethetask(在第二項研究中，研究人員給了他們一項不同的創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)，并將回合數(shù)從兩回合增加到五回合，只要他們愿意，就可以完成任務(wù)。)”可知，第二項研究中，任務(wù)發(fā)生了改變。故選C。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“However,newresearchshowsthatemployeeswhoarenotinpositionsofpowercanbecomemorecreativewhengiventimeto“warmup”toataskbyengaginginthecreativetaskmorethanonce.(然而，新的研究表明，沒有權(quán)力的員工如果有時間通過多次參與創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)來“熱身”，他們會變得更有創(chuàng)造力。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一般情況下，職位高的員工比職位低的員工更具有創(chuàng)造力，但是熱身環(huán)節(jié)可以激發(fā)職位低的員工的創(chuàng)造力，從而創(chuàng)造一個更加公平的工作環(huán)境,所以選擇項C“Warm-uptimecorrectscreativitypowerimbalances.(熱身能夠糾正創(chuàng)造能力的不均衡。)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Challengesarepartoflifeandsomethingwecanallexpecttoencounteratonepointoranotherduringourlifetime.Wehandlechallengesdifferently;someofuschoosetofacethemhead-on,whileothersfleeinuncertainty.16Thefollowingaresimplemethodsandstrategieswecanallemploytoovercomechallengesmoreeffectively.17Nikecouldn’thavesaiditanybetterwiththeirslogan,"Justdoit!"Somechallengesrequireustodojustthat.Grabthebullbyitshornsandhavethecouragetoconquerit,nomatterhowunsurewemightfeel.Somechallengesareurgentandrequireimmediateattention,leavinguswithnooptionbuttogoaheadfull-steam.Educateourselves.Thereasonwhysomeissuesprovechallengingforusisthatwearen’tfamiliarwiththem.18Theinternet,books,forums,etc.,offerplatformswherewecanresearchandlearnaboutourchallengestofindstrategiesagainstthem.Knowledgeisdefinitelypowerfulandessentialinconqueringanything.Bepersistent.Thisiswhatisrequiredtoaccomplishanything,especiallywhenitcomestoovercomingchallenges.Nomatterhowdifficultourchallengesmightbe,wemustbewillingtopushthroughandtryagainandagainuntilweachievevictoryoverthem.19Askforhelp.Therearetimeswhenwecan’tgoitaloneandneedotherstohelpusconquerwhateverchallengesweface.20Networkingwithlike-mindedindividualswhocanofferussupport,suggestions,andsolutionsisusefulinhelpingusovercomechallenges.A．Meetthemhead-on.B．Adaptadifferentstrategy.C．Itissaidthattwoheadsarebetterthanone.D．Ifwegiveup,weallowthechallengestoconquerusinstead.E．Therefore,ourknowledgeandabilitytoconquerthemislimited.F．Whateverourpositions,weallwishtoconquerthemandmoveon.G．Somechallengescanbeoverwhelming,makingusquestionourabilitytoovercomethem.【答案】16．F17．A18．E19．D20．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的方法。16．根據(jù)上文“Wehandlechallengesdifferently;someofuschoosetofacethemhead-on,whileothersfleeinuncertainty.”（我們應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的方式各有不同；我們中的一些人選擇擁抱并正面面對它們，而另一些人則在不確定中逃離。）根據(jù)下文“Thefollowingaresimplemethodsandstrategieswecanallemploytoovercomechallengesmoreeffectively.”（下面是一些簡單的方法和策略，我們都可以用來更有效地克服挑戰(zhàn)。）可知，該句承上啟下，說明無論如何，我們都要克服困難。故F選項“無論我們的立場是什么，我們都希望克服它們并繼續(xù)前進(jìn)?！鼻蓄}。故選F項。17．根據(jù)下文“Nikecouldn’thavesaiditanybetterwiththeirslogan,“Justdoit!”Somechallengesrequireustodojustthat.Grabthebullbyitshornsandhavethecouragetoconquerit,nomatterhowunsurewemightfeel.Somechallengesareurgentandrequireimmediateattention,leavinguswithnooptionbuttogoaheadfull-steam.”（耐克用他們的口號“Justdoit!”來表達(dá)這一點再好不過了。有些挑戰(zhàn)要求我們這樣做。無論我們感覺多么不確定，請迎難而上，勇敢征服困難。有些挑戰(zhàn)是緊迫的，需要立即關(guān)注，我們別無選擇，只能全力以赴。）由此可知，該段主要講述A選項“直面挑戰(zhàn)”。故選A項。18．根據(jù)上文“Thereasonwhysomeissuesprovechallengingforusisthatwearen’tfamiliarwiththem.”（有些問題對我們來說具有挑戰(zhàn)性的原因是我們不熟悉它們。）空處承接上文說明不熟悉導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。故E選項“因此，我們征服它們的知識和能力是有限的”切題。此處them與上一句呼應(yīng)。故選E項。19．根據(jù)上文“Nomatterhowdifficultourchallengesmightbe,wemustbewillingtopushthroughandtryagainandagainuntilweachievevictoryoverthem.”（無論挑戰(zhàn)有多么困難，我們都必須愿意堅持下去，一次又一次地嘗試，直到取得勝利。）可知，空處為前一句內(nèi)容的補充，故D選項“如果我們放棄，我們反過來就會讓挑戰(zhàn)征服我們?！睘榉聪驍⑹龊蠊?，切題。故選D項。20．根據(jù)上文“Therearetimeswhenwecan’tgoitaloneandneedotherstohelpusconquerwhateverchallengesweface.”（有時我們無法獨自應(yīng)對，需要他人來幫助我們克服所面臨的任何挑戰(zhàn)。）可知，人多力量大，與志同道合的人建立聯(lián)系，他們可以為我們提供支持、建議或解決方案，而這些建議有助于幫助我們克服挑戰(zhàn)。故C選項“俗語說：人人多力量大”切題。故選C項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Iwas68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupcomedianin2003.I’dneversetfootinacomedy21before.I’vealwaysbeena(n)22—I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician—butallthatcametoanendafter9/11.IliveinNewYork,andwewatchedthe23towersfallfrommyapartmentbuilding.Forayearafterwards,nobodywantedtogooutorbe24.ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutcomedy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittle25Icoulddoit.Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine,andfinally26thecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.Ihadnoideawhattheaudiencewould27ofme.InNewYork,comediansare28youngmenwithbeards.It’shardenoughto29throughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.AsIsteppedonstagethatfirsttime,peoplelaughednervously.Theywereclearly30toseeme.Iintroducedmyself,statedmyageandtriedmyfirstjoke.Therewas31.ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.Iwas32.Nowmysetsdiffer.Imightbeonstagefor10minutesinfrontofadozenpeople,ormyone-womanshowisafullhourinfrontofacrowdof100.Afterashow,peopleyoungandoldcomeuptome,sayingwhata(n)33Iam.Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhenthey34myage.I’mpleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon’tneedtotakea35seatinlife.”21．A．club B．society C．stage D．site22．A．a(chǎn)udience B．performer C．worker D．producer23．A．modern B．beautiful C．grand D．picturesque24．A．entertained B．seen C．a(chǎn)ctive D．public25．A．exercise B．practice C．training D．meditation26．A．heldon B．gottogether C．tookup D．pluckedup27．A．make B．react C．criticize D．a(chǎn)pplaud28．A．exclusively B．typically C．rarely D．occasionally29．A．fight B．rise C．stand D．break30．A．a(chǎn)mused B．expected C．surprised D．indifferent31．A．silence B．hesitation C．disbelief D．a(chǎn)pplause32．A．bored B．a(chǎn)ddicted C．disinterested D．unexpected33．A．reminder B．motivation C．challenge D．inspiration34．A．reach B．a(chǎn)rrive C．a(chǎn)pproach D．surpass35．A．dominant B．leading C．back D．passive【答案】21．A22．B23．C24．A25．C26．D27．A28．B29．D30．C31．A32．B33．D34．A35．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者作為一名喜劇演員，在老年時期重新開始了表演生涯的經(jīng)歷，盡管面對年齡和性別上的挑戰(zhàn)，她通過勇氣和決心克服了困難，并贏得了觀眾的喜愛和尊重。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我以前從未涉足過喜劇俱樂部。A.club俱樂部；B.society社會；C.stage舞臺；D.site現(xiàn)場。由下文“I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician—butallthatcametoanendafter9/11(我曾經(jīng)是一名歌手、演員和音樂家——但這一切都在9/11之后結(jié)束了)”和“ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutcomedy.(就在那時，我開始思考喜劇)”可知，9/11事件后作者開始思考喜劇，可得出作者以前從未涉足過喜劇俱樂部。故選A項。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直是一名表演者——我曾經(jīng)是一名歌手、演員和音樂家——但這一切都在9/11之后結(jié)束了。A.audience觀眾；B.performer表演者；C.worker工人；D.producer生產(chǎn)商。由下文“I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician”可知，作者曾經(jīng)是一名歌手、演員和音樂家，一直是一名表演者。故選B項。23．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我住在紐約，我們看著宏偉的塔樓從我的公寓樓倒塌。A.modern現(xiàn)代的；B.beautiful美麗的；C.grand宏偉的；D.picturesque優(yōu)美的。由上文“9/11”和常識可知，9/11事件中恐怖分子劫持客機撞擊世貿(mào)大廈，宏偉的塔樓被撞倒塌。故選C項。24．考查動詞和形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在那之后的一年里，沒有人想出去或娛樂。A.entertained娛樂；B.seen看見；C.active積極的；D.public公共的。由上文“I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician—butallthatcametoanendafter9/11(我曾經(jīng)是一名歌手、演員和音樂家——但這一切都在9/11之后結(jié)束了)”可知，911恐怖襲擊后人們回避外出或娛樂活動。故選A項。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我意識到人們需要笑，重新享受生活，并認(rèn)為只要一點訓(xùn)練我就能做到。A.exercise鍛煉；B.practice練習(xí)；C.training訓(xùn)練；D.meditation冥想。由下文“Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine(我上了幾節(jié)課，試著找出一些套路)”可知，作者認(rèn)為開始喜劇表演只需稍加訓(xùn)練。故選C項。26．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我上了幾節(jié)課，試著找出一些套路，最后鼓起勇氣站上舞臺。A.heldon繼續(xù)；B.gottogether聚在一起；C.tookup占據(jù)；D.pluckedup鼓起勇氣、振作。由下文“thecouragetogetuponstage”和“Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.(第一次太可怕了)”可知，作者初涉喜劇，感到害怕，所以要鼓起勇氣站上舞臺。故選D項。27．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不知道觀眾會怎么看我。A.make制作；B.react反應(yīng)；C.criticize批評；D.applaud鼓掌。由上文“finally_____thecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying(最后鼓起勇氣站上舞臺。第一次太可怕了)”可知，作者第一次站在喜劇舞臺上感到害怕，需要鼓起勇氣站上舞臺，該空應(yīng)表明作者產(chǎn)生此種心理的原因，擔(dān)憂觀眾對自己的看法，makeof(看待)。故選A項。28．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在紐約，喜劇演員通常是留胡子的年輕人。A.exclusively唯一地；B.typically通常；C.rarely很少；D.occasionally偶爾。由下文“youngmenwithbeards”可知，此處指喜劇演員通常是留胡子的年輕人。故選B項。29．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個女人很難突破，對于一個年紀(jì)大到已經(jīng)是他們祖母的人來說更是如此。A.fight戰(zhàn)斗；B.rise上升；C.stand站立；D.break打破。由上文“InNewYork,comediansare_____youngmenwithbeards.(在紐約，喜劇演員通常是留胡子的年輕人)”可知，喜劇演員一般是男性，所以作為一位上了年紀(jì)的女性，很難取得突破（breakthrough）。故選D項。30．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們看到我顯然很驚訝。A.amused好笑的；B.expected預(yù)期的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.indifferent漠不關(guān)心的。由上文“InNewYork,comediansare_____youngmenwithbeards.(在紐約，喜劇演員通常是留胡子的年輕人)”和“someoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother(一個年紀(jì)大到已經(jīng)是他們祖母的人)”可知，喜劇演員一般是年輕男性，而作者是一位上了年紀(jì)的女性，所以她的登臺會讓觀眾感到驚訝。故選C項。31．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一片沉默。A.silence沉默；B.hesitation猶豫；C.disbelief不相信；D.applause掌聲。由下文“ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.(但當(dāng)我講到第三句話時，人們都在笑)”中“But”可知，上下文有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，下文講說到第三句話時人們都在笑，說明在此之前大家都保持沉默，構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折。故選A項。32．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我上癮了。A.bored無聊的；B.addicted上癮的；C.disinterested客觀的；D.unexpected出乎意料的。由上文“ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.(但當(dāng)我講到第三句話時，人們都在笑)”可知，大家認(rèn)可作者講的笑話，作者有成就感，所以對表演喜劇上癮了。故選B項。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：演出結(jié)束后，年輕人和老年人都走到我面前，說我是一個多么鼓舞人心的人。A.reminder提醒；B.motivation動機；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.inspiration鼓舞人心的人（或事物）。由下文“Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasme(他們說，他們想和我一樣活躍)”可知，作者的行為鼓舞了看表演的年輕人和老年人，他們才會想要成為和作者一樣活躍的人。故選D項。34．考查動