2022年北京市房山區(qū)高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題

2022北京房山高一（下）期末英語本試卷共12頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Havingworkedat7-Elevenfortwoyears,IthoughtIhadbecomesuccessfulat“customerrelations”.Ifirmlybelievedthata____1____smileandanautomatic“sir”“madam”and“thankyou”wouldseemethroughanysituationthatImightmeet.Butonenightanoldwoman____2____myfaiththatareadybutnotsincereresponsecouldsmoothovertheroughspotsofdealingwithothers.Themomentsheentered,thewomanpresentedasharpcontrasttoourshinystorewithitsbrightlightingandneatlyarrangedshelves.Walkingasifeachstepwere____3____,sheslowlypushedopentheglassdoorandlamelymadeherwaydownthenearestaisle（通道）.Onsuchacoldnight,shewasonly____4____adress,athinsweatertoosmalltobutton,andtherewerenostockingorsocksonherlegs.Afterwanderingaroundthestoreforseveralminutes,theoldwomanstoppedinfrontoftherowsofcannedvegetables.Shepickedupsomecornniblets（玉米粒）andstaredatthelabel.AsIstoodclosetoher,my____5____becamehardertomaintain—hersweaterwassmellyanddirty.Tomybright“CanIhelpyou?”shereplied,“Ineedsomefood,anykind.”“Well,thecornisninety-fivecents,”Isaidinmymosthelpfulvoice,“Or,ifyoulike,wehaveaspecialonsausagetoday.”“Ican’tpay,”shesaid.Forasecond,Iintendedtosay,“Takethecorn.”Butsuddenlytheemployee’s____6____floodedintomymind:“Remainpolitebutletthecustomersknowthatyouareincontrol.”Foramoment,Ievenheldtheideathatthiswomanwassomeonefromtheheadoffice,____7____myloyalty.SoIresponded____8____,“I’msorry,madam,butIcan’tgiveawayanythingforfree.”Theoldwomanlooked____9____,andherhandstrembledassheputthecanbackontheshelf.Shepassedmetowardthedoor,herwornanddirtyclothinghardlycoveringherbentback.Momentsaftersheleft,Irushedoutthedoorwiththecanofcorn,butshewasnowhereinsight.Fortherestoftheday,Icouldn’tdriveher_____10_____offmymind.Ihadbeenyoung,healthy.Shehadbeenold,sickanddesperate.WishingthatIhadactedlikeahumanbeingratherarobot,Iwassadtorealisehowfragileaholdwehaveonourbetterinstincts（本性）.1.A.hidden B.friendly C.weak D.forced2.A.shook B.proved C.supported D.doubted3.A.cheerful B.forceful C.painful D.graceful4.A.buying B.carrying C.holding D.wearing5.A.smile B.gesture C.patience D.attention6.A.goals B.rules C.trainings D.responsibilities7.A.praising B.testing C.rewarding D.criticising8.A.curiously B.silently C.dutifully D.unconsciously9.A.scared B.satisfied C.excited D.disappointed10.A.behavior B.smell C.expression D.image【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.D5.A6.B7.B8.C9.D10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者工作時，一位老婦人進(jìn)來店里想要食物，但作者卻以為她是公司的上層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)假扮成顧客來考驗我的，將她打發(fā)走后，作者感到很悲傷。【1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我堅信，友好的微笑和機械的問候“先生”，“女士”和“謝謝你”，都會讓我度過任何可能遇到的情況。A.hidden隱藏的；B.friendly友好的；C.weak虛弱的；D.forced被迫的。根據(jù)下文“automatic”可知，此處指友好的微笑和機械的問候。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是有一天晚上，一位老婦人動搖了我的信念，一個準(zhǔn)備好的但不是真誠的回應(yīng)可以克服與他人打交道的坎坷。A.shook搖晃；B.proved證明；C.supported支持；D.doubted懷疑。根據(jù)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞But可知，前后語意相反，此處表示動搖信念。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她走路好像每一步都很痛苦，慢慢地推開玻璃門，跛行著走下最近的通道。A.cheerful振奮人心的；B.forceful有力量的；C.painful痛苦的；D.graceful優(yōu)雅的。根據(jù)下文“sheslowlypushedopentheglassdoorandlamelymadeherwaydownthenearestaisle（通道）”可知，這位老婦人應(yīng)是比較“痛苦的”。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在如此寒冷的夜晚，她只穿著一件衣服，一件薄薄的毛衣太小以至于紐扣都扣不上，也沒有穿絲襪或者襪子。A.buying購買；B.carrying攜帶；C.holding拿，持有；D.wearing穿。根據(jù)常識以及“adress”可知，是穿著衣服。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我站在她身邊時，我的笑容變得難以維持——她的毛衣又臭又臟。A.smile笑容；B.gesture手勢；C.patience耐心；D.attention注意力。根據(jù)下文“hersweaterwassmellyanddirty.”可知，作者對于這位老婦人應(yīng)是不喜歡的，笑容逐漸消失。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但突然間，員工守則涌入我的腦海：“保持禮貌，但要讓客戶知道你在掌控一切。”A.goals目標(biāo)；B.rules規(guī)則；C.trainings訓(xùn)練；D.responsibilities責(zé)任。結(jié)合“Remainpolitebutletthecustomersknowthatyouareincontrol”可知，作者腦海中應(yīng)浮現(xiàn)的是員工守則的要求。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有那么一瞬間，我甚至認(rèn)為這個女人是總部的人，測試我的忠誠。A.praising表揚；B.testing測試；C.rewarding獎賞；D.criticising批評。根據(jù)上文“thiswomanwassomeonefromtheheadoffice”可知，作者認(rèn)為總部的人應(yīng)是測試她的忠誠。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我盡職地回答了，“對不起，女士，我們不能免費贈送任何東西”。A.curiously好奇地；B.silently安靜地；C.dutifully盡職地；D.unconsciously無意識地。結(jié)合語意，作者認(rèn)為這位婦人是總部的人，所以在回答上應(yīng)是符合要求的并且是表示盡職盡責(zé)的態(tài)度。故選C項。【9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：老婦人看上去是失望的，當(dāng)她把罐子放回架子上時，她的手顫抖著。A.scared害怕的；B.satisfied滿意的；C.excited興奮的；D.disappointed失望的。根據(jù)上文“I’msorry,madam,butIcan’tgiveawayanythingforfree.”可知，這位老婦人應(yīng)是比較失望的。故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在一天的其余時間里，我無法將她的形象從我的腦海中抹去。A.behavior行為，舉止；B.smell味道；C.expression表情；D.image圖像，形象。根據(jù)上文“Momentsaftersheleft,Irushedoutthedoorwiththecanofcorn,butshewasnowhereinsight.”可知，作者腦海中一直浮現(xiàn)著當(dāng)時的場景。故選D項。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Weallknowthat____11____(honest)isanimportantvalueand____12____lyingiswrong,butwhocanhonestlysaythatthey’venevertoldalie?Perhapswecomfortourselves____13____theknowledgethatmostofthelieswetellare“whitelies”;littleliesthatwetelltoprotectothersfromthetruth.【答案】11.honesty12.that13.with【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了誠實是一種重要的價值觀，說謊是不對的。但是沒人敢說自己沒撒過謊。我們用我們說的是善意的謊言來安慰自己?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們都知道誠實是一種重要的價值觀，撒謊是錯誤的，但是誰能誠實地說他們從來沒有說過謊呢？分析句子可知，此處是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，空處在從句中作主語，is是謂語，因此空處應(yīng)用名詞作主語，且用單數(shù)形式，即honesty，抽象名詞，不可數(shù)。故填honesty。【12題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：我們都知道誠實是一種重要的價值觀，撒謊是錯誤的，但是誰能誠實地說他們從來沒有說過謊呢？分析句子可知，此處and連接兩個分句作主句謂語動詞know的賓語，故空處應(yīng)填一個連詞連接賓語從句，而從句不缺任何成分，且句意完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)賓語從句。故填that?！?3題詳解】考查介詞。句意：也許我們會安慰自己，我們所說的大多數(shù)謊言都是“善意的謊言”以及我們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo(hù)別人不受真相影響而講小謊言。分析句子可知，此處考查comfortsb.withsth.固定短語，意為“用……來安慰某人”，空處應(yīng)填介詞with。故填with。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。BenjaminFranklinonce____14____(carry)outafamousexperimenttoprovethatlightningwasaformofelectricity.Heraised____15____kitewithapieceofstringtiedtoitandametalkey____16____(attach)tothestring.Whenaflashoflightninghitthekite,Franklingotanelectricshockby____17____(touch)thekey.【答案】14.carried15.a16.attached17.touching【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本杰明·富蘭克林曾經(jīng)做過一個著名的實驗，證明閃電是電的一種形式。他舉起一只風(fēng)箏，風(fēng)箏上系著一根繩子，繩子上系著一把金屬鑰匙。當(dāng)一道閃電擊中風(fēng)箏時，富蘭克林碰了碰鑰匙，被電擊了?！?4題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：本杰明·富蘭克林曾經(jīng)做過一個著名的實驗，證明閃電是電的一種形式。根據(jù)上文once可知用一般過去時。故填carried?！?5題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：他舉起一只風(fēng)箏，風(fēng)箏上系著一根繩子，繩子上系著一把金屬鑰匙。kite為可數(shù)名詞，此處為泛指且是發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他舉起一只風(fēng)箏，風(fēng)箏上系著一根繩子，繩子上系著一把金屬鑰匙。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知attach在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式，與邏輯主語ametalkey構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填attached?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)一道閃電擊中風(fēng)箏時，富蘭克林碰了碰鑰匙，被電擊了。作介詞的賓語，應(yīng)用動名詞形式。故填touching。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheWingedVictoryofSamothrace,alsocalledtheNikeofSamothrace,isamarbleHellenisticsculptureofNike,____18____wascreatedaboutthesecondcenturyBC.Since1884,it____19____(display)intheLouvreandisoneofthemostcelebrated____20____(sculpture)intheworld.【答案】18.which19.hasbeendisplayed20.sculptures【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。本文介紹了薩莫色雷斯的勝利女神是希臘化時期的一座大理石雕塑，從1884年至今一直在盧浮宮展覽著?！?8題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：薩莫色雷斯的勝利女神，也叫勝利女神像，是希臘化時期的一座大理石雕塑，這座雕塑創(chuàng)作于公元前二世紀(jì)。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，指代前面的先行詞HellenisticsculptureofNike，先行詞指物，從句缺少主語，應(yīng)用which來引導(dǎo)。故填which。【19題詳解】考查動詞時間和語態(tài)。句意：自1884年以來，它一直在盧浮宮展出，是世界上最著名的雕塑之一。分析句子可知，空處前的it是主語，單數(shù)形式，故空處應(yīng)做謂語，display意為“展覽”，是及物動詞，故空處與主語it之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合前文的時間狀語Since1884可知，空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，因此空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。故填hasbeendisplayed。【20題詳解】考查名詞。句意：自1884年以來，它一直在盧浮宮展出，是世界上最著名的雕塑之一。分析句子可知，空處前的celebrated是形容詞，意為“著名的”，故空處應(yīng)用名詞形式，空處前的oneof結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“其中之一”，因此空處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，sculpture為可數(shù)名詞。故填sculptures。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAfteralongperiodoflockdown,nowitistimetorelax.Headouttofindsurprisingholidaydecorationstowarmyourheartandmakeyourseasonbright.Comeon,lightshowsarewaitingforyou.HolidayLightsontheBoardwalkTakeawalkbytheoceanandexperienceaholidaylightdisplayalongtheLongBeachBoardwalk,duskto11p.m.dailyandweekendsthroughmid-January,fromLongBeachtoParkAvenue.Free,516-432-6000.YoucanalsocheckthestorefrontsalongParkAvenueformoreholidaylights.TownofIslipHolidayLightShowBringthefamilytoseethelightsfromthecomfortandsafetyofpersonalvehiclesasyoudrivethroughthe1/8-milelightdisplayonthegroundsofhistoricBrookwoodHall.DecorationshavebeengivenbyParksRecreationandCulturalAffairsandPublicWorksstaff.Cheap,516-433-6742.From5p.m.to8p.m.Dec.22;BrookwoodHallPark.SuffolkCountyHolidayLightsShowTheSuffolkCounty’sdrive-throughdisplayfeaturestwomilesofholiday-themedlights;opensfrom9a.m.to5p.m.throughDec.30.ClosedDec.24-25.Ticketswillbesoldatthegateandpaymentcanbemadewithcreditcardsonly,nocash,$25;$22onDec.30.MondaythroughFriday:631-543-6622.ChristmasHouseIndoorfamily-friendlywalkthroughholidayexperience,highlightsincludearealsnowroom;3to11p.m.Monday-Thursday;3p.m.to1a.m.Friday;10a.m.to1a.m.Saturday;10a.m.to11p.m.SundaythroughJanuary.Guestsmustwearmasks,maintainsocialdistancingandpurchaseticketswithassignedarrivaltimeinadvanceonline.$30foradults,$25forkidsaged10andyounger,631-591-0455.21.Whichlightshowisthecheapest?A.ChristmasHouse. B.HolidayLightsontheBoardwalk.C.TownofIslipHolidayLightShow. D.SuffolkCountyHolidayLightsShow.22.Visitorscancall________togetmoreinformationaboutSuffolkCountyHolidayLightsShow.A.516-432-6000. B.516-433-6742.C.631-543-6622. D.631-591-0455.23.WhatmustvisitorsdowhenvisitingChristmasHouse?A.Visittherealsnowroom. B.Takethefamilymembers.C.Buyticketswithcreditcards. D.Purchaseticketsaheadoftime.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個燈光展覽，說明了時間、聯(lián)系方式和價格等信息。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，HolidayLightsontheBoardwalk是四個活動中免費的，其它三個活動都需要收費，故HolidayLightsontheBoardwalk最便宜。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SuffolkCountyHolidayLightsShow部分中“MondaythroughFriday:631-543-6622.(周一至周五：631-543-6622)”可知，游客可以致電631-543-6622獲取更多關(guān)于薩?？丝す?jié)日燈光秀的信息。故選C。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分中“Guestsmustwearmasks,maintainsocialdistancingandpurchaseticketswithassignedarrivaltimeinadvanceonline.(賓客必須佩戴口罩，保持社交距離，并在網(wǎng)上提前預(yù)定到達(dá)時間購票)”可知，參觀圣誕屋時，游客必須提前購票。故選D。BHOWONEMANMADEADIFFERENCESwissbusinessmanHenryDunant,attheageof31,wasalreadyasuccessfulbusinessman.Atthetime,FrancewasfightingwiththeItalianarmyinawaragainstAustria.However,heneededthehelpofNapoleonⅢforoneofhisbusinessdeals.DunantknewthatNapoleonⅢwouldbewithhisarmyinnorthernItaly,sohetravelledtothecityofSolferinotolookforhim.Dunantarrivedonthenightof24Juneandfoundabattlefieldfilledwith40,000deadandwoundedsoldiers.Dunantwashorrifiedbythesceneandwasfilledwithcompassionforthewoundedmen.Atonce,Dunantbeganattendingtothewoundedmen.Inthedaysthatfollowed,heledlocalpeopleinhelpingtakecareofthewoundedanddying.Theylookedafterthesoldierswithoutregardtocountryoruniform,saying,“Allarebrothers!”WhenDunantreturnedtoSwitzerlandthefollowingmonth,hewroteabookabouthisexperiencecalledAMemoryofSolferino.Withinthebook,hedescribedthebattle,itscosts,andthechaoticcircumstancesafterwards.Healsodevelopedtheideathatinthefuture,aneutralorganizationshouldexisttoprovidecaretowoundedsoldiers.DunantbegantotravelthroughEuropetodistributethebookandpromotehisideas.Hisbookwaslargelypositivelyreceived.ThiseventuallyledtotheformingoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossin1863.ThefirstactoftheRedCrosswastoorganizeaninternationalconference(theGenevaConvention)wherecountriesadoptedguidelinesandmeasuresforprotectingthewoundedandmedicalworkersduringandafterbattles.WhiletheRedCrossismostlytaskedwithhelpingpeopleintimesofwaritalsorespondstonaturaldisastersandgivesaidtopeoplewhohavetoleavetheirhomes.Forexample,theRedCrossprovidedaidandreliefaftertheMay2008WenchuanEarthquakeinSichuan,China.Dunanthimselfgaveupeverythingtosavetheworld.HisbusinessfailedbecausehewastoobusywithhisworkintheRedCross.ThenDunanthadtoleavetheRedCrossbecauseofapersonalconflict.Despitethis,hecontinuedtoworkasavolunteer,helpingproviderelieftopeoplecaughtupinwar.Intheend,helostallhismoney,fellill,andhadtobetakeninbyacharity.Bythistime,theRedCrosshadbecomefamous,buthewasmostlyforgotten.Inthelastyearsofhislife,though,hewasdiscoveredbyanewspaperreporter.Fromthenon,hewascelebratedaroundtheworldasthemanresponsibleforsavingmanythousandsoflives.Thoughheislonggone,hisspiritcontinueswithusuntilthisday.24.WheredoesDunant’sideaofformingtheRedCrosscomefrom?A.Theencouragementofotherdevotedvolunteers.B.HistravelthroughEuropetodistributethebook.C.HisunsuccessfulbusinessdealswithNapoleonⅢ.D.HisexperiencetohelpwoundedsoldiersinSolferino.25.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Dunant’sbusinessfailedbecauseoftheoutbreakofwar.B.DunantfinallylefttheRedCrossandnolongercontinuedtovolunteer.C.InSolferino,thevolunteersattendedtothesoldiersonlyfromAustria.D.DunanttravelledSolferinooriginallytolookforNapoleonⅢforbusinessdeals.26.HowdoestheRedCrossaidpeopleinneedaccordingtotheauthor?A.Organizinginternationalconferences. B.Givingaidtohomelessbankruptpeople.C.Helpingpeopleintimesofnaturaldisasters. D.Providingguidelinesforprotectingsoldiers.27.WhatcanbestdescribeHenryDunant’squality?A.Generousandconfident. B.Responsibleandselfless.C.Easygoingandintelligent. D.Determinedandindependent.【答案】24.D25.D26.C27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要說明了瑞士商人HenryDunant是如何創(chuàng)辦紅十字會，拯救了成千上萬條生命的?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Dunantarrivedonthenightof24Juneandfoundabattlefieldfilledwith40,000deadandwoundedsoldiers.Dunantwashorrifiedbythesceneandwasfilledwithcompassionforthewoundedmen.Atonce,Dunantbeganattendingtothewoundedmen.(Dunant于6月24日晚到達(dá)，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個滿是4萬名死傷士兵的戰(zhàn)場。Dunant被這一幕嚇壞了，對受傷的人充滿了同情。杜南立刻開始照顧傷員)”以及第三段中“Healsodevelopedtheideathatinthefuture,aneutralorganizationshouldexisttoprovidecaretowoundedsoldiers.(他還提出了一個想法，即在未來應(yīng)該存在一個中立的組織來為受傷的士兵提供照料)”可知，Dunant組建紅十字會的想法來自他在Solferino幫助傷員的經(jīng)歷。故選D。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“However,heneededthehelpofNapoleonⅢforoneofhisbusinessdeals.DunantknewthatNapoleonⅢwouldbewithhisarmyinnorthernItaly,sohetravelledtothecityofSolferinotolookforhim.(然而，他需要拿破侖三世幫助他的一筆生意。杜南知道拿破侖三世會和他的軍隊在意大利北部，所以他前往索費里諾市尋找他)”可推知，Dunant前往索費里諾最初是為了尋找拿破侖三世進(jìn)行商業(yè)交易。故選D?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“WhiletheRedCrossismostlytaskedwithhelpingpeopleintimesofwar,italsorespondstonaturaldisastersandgivesaidtopeoplewhohavetoleavetheirhomes.(雖然紅十字會的主要任務(wù)是在戰(zhàn)爭時期幫助人們，但它也對自然災(zāi)害作出反應(yīng)，并向那些不得不離開家園的人提供援助)”可知，紅十字會在自然災(zāi)害期間幫助有需要的人。故選C?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Dunanthimselfgaveupeverythingtosavetheworld.HisbusinessfailedbecausehewastoobusywithhisworkintheRedCross.ThenDunanthadtoleavetheRedCrossbecauseofapersonalconflict.Despitethis,hecontinuedtoworkasavolunteer,helpingproviderelieftopeoplecaughtupinwar.Intheend,helostallhismoney,fellill,andhadtobetakeninbyacharity.Bythistime,theRedCrosshadbecomefamous,buthewasmostlyforgotten.Inthelastyearsofhislife,though,hewasdiscoveredbyanewspaperreporter.Fromthenon,hewascelebratedaroundtheworldasthemanresponsibleforsavingmanythousandsoflives.Thoughheislonggone,hisspiritcontinueswithusuntilthisday.(Dunant為了拯救世界放棄了一切。他的生意失敗了，因為他忙于在紅十字會的工作。后來，Dunant因為個人沖突不得不離開紅十字會。盡管如此，他仍然作為一名志愿者工作，幫助為陷入戰(zhàn)爭的人們提供救濟。最后，他失去了所有的錢，還病倒了，只得被一家慈善機構(gòu)收留。這時，紅十字會已經(jīng)出名了，但他卻幾乎被人遺忘了。然而，在他生命的最后幾年，他被一家報紙的記者發(fā)現(xiàn)了。從那時起，他被全世界譽為拯救了成千上萬條生命的人。雖然他早已不在人世，但他的精神仍與我們同在，直到今天)”可推知，HenryDunant負(fù)責(zé)任且無私。故選B。CTwentyyearsago,crisesliketheCalifornia’swildfiresandHurricaneLaurathatoccurredlastyearcouldhavebeendescribedas“naturaldisasters”.Thanksto

climatechange,thisisnolongerthecase.Aroundmid-Augustlastyear,thetemperatureinDeathValleyoncereachedthehighesteverrecordedonEarth.Ahotter,drierCaliforniaismuchmorelikelytoburstintoflames.TheGulfofMexicotooisheatingup.Hurricanesdrawtheirenergyfromthewarmthofthesurfacewatersandsoarebecoming

strongerandmorelikelytoincrease.Perhapsweshouldcalltheseeventsinanewterm,“man-madenaturaldisasters”.Peoplenowplaysuchanimportantroleontheplanet.Bycuttingdownforestsanddiggingminesandbuildingcities,we’vechangedhalfoftheice-freelandonEarth.Withouradvancedtools,wemovearoundmoreearththanalltheworld’sriversandstreams.Asaresult,allsortsofdisastersextendacrossthelinebetweenmanandnature.Manyearthquakes,forexample,arenow

causedbyhumanactivity.Meanwhile,astheclimatecontinuestowarm,wildfireswillgrowevenlargerandstormsmoredamaging.What’stobedone?Accordingtosomescientists,thebestwaytodealwithhumaninterventioninthenaturalworldistointervenebetter.Oldtechnologiesgotusintothissituation;newoneswillgetusout.Supportersofthisviewnotethestrikingadvancesthatarebeingmadeallthetime,infieldsrangingfromcomputingtomaterialscience.Topreventclimatechange,engineershavebuiltmachinesthattakeCO2outoftheair.Todaythenumbersarelimited,butperhapsonedaythey’llbeascommonastelephones.Asforme,Ithinkthatthechoicewefaceisnotwhethertochangetheworld;thatdecisionunfortunatelyhasbeenmade.Thedecisiongoingforwardis

how

arewegoingtochangeit.OvertheyearsI’veinterviewedscoresofscientists,inventors,andindustrialists,andI’mcontinuallyimpressedbyhowcleverhumansareasaspecies.Butthenthewindblowsinsmokefrom3,000milesaway,andI’mremindedofhowdangerousweareaswell.28.Whatdoesthefirsttwoparagraphswanttotellus?A.Naturaldisastershavebecomemuchmoresevere.B.Peoplehavechangedtheearthwithadvancedtools.C.Naturaldisastersnowarecausedbyhumanactivity.D.Peoplenowplaysuchanimportantroleontheplanet.29.WhydoestheauthormentionmachinesthattakeCO2outoftheair?A.Toprovethatgreenhouseeffectproblemsaresolvable.B.Toexplainthatwecanintervenebetterinthenaturalworld.C.Toshowthattechnologicaladvancesarestrikingallthetime.D.Toindicatethatnewtechnologieswillbeverycommononeday.30.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theauthorwouldagreethat________.A.weshouldnotchangetheworldanymoreB.weshouldfeelproudofhumans’intelligenceC.weshouldreconsiderthewaywechangetheworldD.peopleshouldbeawareofthepotentialthreatfromhumanactivity【答案】28.C29.B30.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了如今自然災(zāi)害是由人類活動造成的，根據(jù)一些科學(xué)家的說法，應(yīng)對人類對自然世界的干預(yù)的最好方法是更好地干預(yù)?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Perhapsweshouldcalltheseeventsinanewterm,“man-madenaturaldisasters”.(也許我們應(yīng)該用一個新術(shù)語來稱呼這些事件——“人為的自然災(zāi)害”)”以及第二段中“Asaresult,allsortsofdisastersextendacrossthelinebetweenmanandnature.Manyearthquakes,forexample,arenowcausedbyhumanactivity.Meanwhile,astheclimatecontinuestowarm,wildfireswillgrowevenlargerandstormsmoredamaging.(因此，各種災(zāi)難跨越了人與自然之間的界限。例如，許多地震現(xiàn)在都是由人類活動引起的。與此同時，隨著氣候持續(xù)變暖，野火將變得更大，風(fēng)暴將更具破壞性)”可知，前兩段想告訴我們?nèi)缃褡匀粸?zāi)害是由人類活動造成的。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Accordingtosomescientists,thebestwaytodealwithhumaninterventioninthenaturalworldistointervenebetter.(根據(jù)一些科學(xué)家的說法，應(yīng)對人類對自然世界的干預(yù)的最好方法是更好地干預(yù))”以及“Topreventclimatechange,engineershavebuiltmachinesthattakeCO2outoftheair.(為了防止氣候變化，工程師們建造了能夠從空氣中吸收二氧化碳的機器)”可推知，作者提到從空氣中吸收二氧化碳的機器是為了解釋我們可以更好地干預(yù)自然世界。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Asforme,Ithinkthatthechoicewefaceisnotwhethertochangetheworld;thatdecisionunfortunatelyhasbeenmade.Thedecisiongoingforwardishowarewegoingtochangeit.OvertheyearsI’veinterviewedscoresofscientists,inventors,andindustrialists,andI’mcontinuallyimpressedbyhowcleverhumansareasaspecies.Butthenthewindblowsinsmokefrom3,000milesaway,andI’mremindedofhowdangerousweareaswell.(就我而言，我認(rèn)為我們面臨的選擇不是是否改變世界；不幸的是，這個決定已經(jīng)做出。未來的決定是我們將如何改變它。多年來，我采訪了許多科學(xué)家、發(fā)明家和實業(yè)家，人類作為一個物種是多么聰明，這一直給我留下深刻印象。但后來風(fēng)從3000英里外吹來了煙霧，我意識到我們也很危險)”可推知，根據(jù)最后一段，作者同意人們應(yīng)該意識到來自人類活動的潛在威脅。故選D。DMoststudentsdoanIQtestearlyintheirschoolcareer.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeelthatIQiswhatdetermineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshaveahigherIQandthatthereisnothingtheycandotochangefacts.However,newresearchintoEQsuggeststhatsuccessisnotsimplytheresultofahighIQ.WhileyourIQtellsyouhowintelligentyouare,yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuseyourintelligence.ProfessorSalovey,whoinventedthetermEQ,givesthefollowingdescription.Atwork,itisIQthatgetsyouhired,butitisEQthatgetsyoupromoted.Supportedbyhisacademicresearch,ProfessorSaloveysuggeststhatwhenpredictingsomeone’sfuturesuccess,theircharacter,asmeasuredbyEQtests,mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.ProfessorSaloveymaybecorrect.Forexample,haveyoueverwonderedwhysomeofthesmarteststudentsinyourclass,whoyouthinkdeservegoodgrades,sometimesendupfailingexams?PerhapstheirfailureisbecauseoftheirlowEQ.PeopleareoftenmistakeninthinkingthatthosewithhighIQsalwayshavehighEQsaswell.Thisassociationcanexist,butitisaspossibleforsomeonewithalowIQtohaveahighEQorsomeonewithahighIQtohavealowEQ.ItisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewithhighEQsareopentonewideasandhavepositiveattitudestowardslife.Theyarealsolesslikelytobetroubledbyproblems.Ontheotherhand,thereislittledoubtthatpeoplewithlowEQsoftenhaveproblemsgettingonwithotherpeopleanddealingwithdifficultsituations;thus,theyhaveahardertimesurvivinginlife.Peoplegenerallybelievethataperson’sIQisdeterminedbybirth.However,mostsocialscientistsagreethatEQhasalottodowitheducation.Somearetryingtostudythepossibilitytoimprovingaperson’sEQ,especiallyintermsof“peopleskills”,suchasunderstandingandcommunication.ProfessorMayer,recentlyannouncedtheresultsofastudyonseniorhighschoolstudents.Whennormalstudentswereintroducedtostudentswithdisabilities,theyfoundthat,afterwards,thenormalstudentsweremorewillingtohelppeoplewithdifficulties.Theyalsoshowedabetterunderstandingofthedisabledstudents’feelingcomparedtostudentswhohadnotbeeninvolvedinthestudy.Therewasalsoanobviouschangeinthedisabledstudents’attitudes.Theybecamemorepositiveaboutlifeandmorewillingtotrynewthings.TheresultsofstudiessuchastheseshowthatEQisasimportant,ifnotmoreimportantthanIQ.Togetaheadintheworldandleadahappysuccessfullifemeansgettingonwithotherpeopleandbeingabletounderstandandreacttosituationsinthebestwaypossible.ThisrequiresahighEQ—thehigherthebetter.AndthefactthatitmightbepossibletoraiseEQsmeansthatschoolsneedtomakesurethattheirstudentsarereceivingtheeducationtheyreallyneedandknowthattheirfuturesarenotentirelydeterminedbytheirIQs.31.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphwanttoconvey?A.OnlyahighIQcan’tresultinsuccess.B.MoststudentsneverseetheirIQtestresults.C.Studentscan’tchangetheirIQswitheducation.D.IQdetermineshowwellstudentsaregoingtodoinlife.32.WhydosomesmartstudentsendupfailingexamsaccordingtoProf.Salovey?A.BecausetheyprobablyhavealowerIQ. B.BecausetheyprobablyhavealowerEQ.C.Becausetheyareoftenmistakeninthinking. D.Becausetheyarelikelytobetroubledbyproblems.33.Accordingtothetext,whichstatementistrue?A.People’scharactermightnotmattermorethantheirIQ.B.“Peopleskills”areoflittleimportanceonone’sroadtosuccess.C.PeoplewithhighEQsusuallyhavenegativeattitudetowardslife.D.Schoolsshouldreconsideriftheirstudentsarereceivingtheeducationtheyneed.34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.IQisimportantforus.C.SuccesscomeswithahighEQ. D.Successowestowisdom.【答案】31.A32.B33.D34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了只有高智商不能導(dǎo)致成功，列舉了情商和成功的相關(guān)研究，指出情商和智商同樣重要，情商高更有可能成功?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“MoststudentsdoanIQtestearlyintheirschoolcareer.Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeelthatIQiswhatdetermineshowwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem,theyusuallybelievethatthosestudentshaveahigherIQandthatthereisnothingtheycandotochangefacts.However,newresearchintoEQsuggeststhatsuccessisnotsimplytheresultofahighIQ.(大多數(shù)學(xué)生在他們的學(xué)校生涯早期都會做智商測試。即使他們從未看到自己的成績，他們也會覺得智商決定了他們在生活中會做得有多好。當(dāng)他們看到其他學(xué)生做得比他們好，他們通常認(rèn)為這些學(xué)生有更高的智商，他們不能做什么來改變事實。然而，新的情商研究表明，成功不僅僅是高智商的結(jié)果)”可知，第一段想表達(dá)只有高智商不能導(dǎo)致成功。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ProfessorSaloveymaybecorrect.Forexample,haveyoueverwonderedwhysomeofthesmarteststudentsinyourclass,whoyouthinkdeservegoodgrades,sometimesendupfailingexams?PerhapstheirfailureisbecauseoftheirlowEQ.PeopleareoftenmistakeninthinkingthatthosewithhighIQsalwayshavehighEQsaswell.(薩洛維教授可能是對的。例如，你是否曾想過，為什么班里一些最聰明的學(xué)生，那些你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該取得好成績的學(xué)生，有時卻考試不及格？也許他們的失敗是因為他們的低情商。人們經(jīng)常錯誤地認(rèn)為那些高智商的人也總是高情商)”可知，薩洛維教授認(rèn)為，一些聰明的學(xué)生最后考試不及格是因為他們可能情商較低。故選B。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“AndthefactthatitmightbepossibletoraiseEQsmeansthatschoolsneedtomakesurethattheirstudentsarereceivingtheeducationtheyreallyneedandknowthattheirfuturesarenotentirelydeterminedbytheirIQs.(事實上，提高智商是有可能的，這意味著學(xué)校需要確保他們的學(xué)生得到了他們真正需要的教育，并且知道他們的未來并不完全由他們的智商決定)”可知，D選項“學(xué)校應(yīng)該重新考慮他們的學(xué)生是否接受了他們需要的教育”正確。故選D。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheresultsofstudiessuchastheseshowthatEQisasimportant,ifnotmoreimportantthanIQ.Togetaheadintheworldandleadahappysuccessfullifemeansgettingonwithotherpeopleandbeingabletounderstandandreacttosituationsinthebestwaypossible.ThisrequiresahighEQ—thehigherthebetter.(諸如此類的研究結(jié)果表明，情商即使不比智商更重要，也同樣重要。要想在這個世界上出人頭地，過上幸福成功的生活，就意味著與他人相處融洽，能夠以最好的方式理解和應(yīng)對各種情況。這需要高情商——越高越好)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了只有高智商不能導(dǎo)致成功，列舉了情商和成