2023年全國翻譯三級真題

真題2023年的三級筆譯Section1English-ChineseTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Thismonth,theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammadewaterandsanitationthecenterpieceofitsflagshippublication,theHumanDevelopmentReport.Claimsofa"waterapartheid,"wherepoorpeoplepaymoreforwaterthantherich,areboundtoattractattention.Butwhataretheeconomicsbehindtheproblem,andhowcanitbefixed?Incountriesthathavetroubledeliveringcleanwatertotheirpeople,alackofinfrastructureisoftentheculprit.Peopleinareasthatarenotservedbypublicutilitieshavetorelyoncostlierwaysofgettingwater,suchasitinerantwatertrucksandtrekstowells.Paradoxically,asthewatersourcesgetcostlier,thewateritselftendstobemoredangerous.Waterpipedbyutilities-totherichandthepooralike-isusuallycleanerthanwatertruckedinorcollectedfromanoutdoortank.Theproblemexistsnotonlyinruralareasbuteveninbigcities,saidHakanBjorkman,programdirectoroftheUNagencyinThailand.Further,subsidiesmadetolocalwatersystemsoftenendupbenefitingpeopleotherthanthepoor,headded.Theagencyproposesathree-stepsolution.First,makeaccessto20liters,or5gallons,ofcleanwateradayahumanright.Next,makelocalgovernmentsaccountablefordeliveringthisservice.Last,investininfrastructuretolinkpeopletowatermains.Thereportsaysgovernments,especiallyindevelopingcountries,shouldspendatleast1percentofgrossdomesticproductonwaterandsanitation.Italsorecommendsthatforeignaidbemoredirectedtowardtheseproblems.Clearly,thisapproachreliesheavilyongovernmentintervention,somethingBjorkmanreadilyacknowledged.Buttherearesomemarket-basedapproachesaswell.Byofferingcut-rateconnectionstopoorpeopletothewatermainline,theprivatewaterutilityinAbidjan,Peoplewhoreceivecleanwateraremuchlesslikelytodiefromwater-bornediseases-acommonmaladyinthedevelopingworld-andmuchmorelikelytoenjoylong,productive,taxpayinglivesthatcanbenefittheirhostcountries.Soifagovernmentistryingtoraisefinancingtoinvestinnewinfrastructure,itmightfindreceptiveearsinprivatecreditmarkets-aslongasitcanharnessthereturn.Similarly,privatecompaniesmaycalculatethatitisworthbringingcleanwatertoanareaifitsresidentsarewillingtopaybacktheinvestmentovermanyyears.Inthemeantime,somelocalsolutionsarebeingfound.InThailand,Bjorkmansaid,somesmallcommunitiesaretakingchallengeslikewateraccessuponthemselves."Peopleorganizethemselvesingroupstoleveragewhatlittleresourcestheyhavetohelptheircommunities,"hesaid."That'sespeciallytrueoutintheruralareas.Theyinvesttheirmoneyinrevolvingfundsandsavingschemes,andtheyinvestthemselvestoimprovetheirvillages."Itisnotalwayseasytotakethesesolutionsandreplicatetheminothercountries,though.Assemblingabroadmenuofdifferentapproachescanbethefirststepinfindingtherightsolutionforagivenregionorcountry.出處：Section2Chinese-EnglishTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.即使碰到豐收年景，對中國來說，要用世界百分之七的耕地養(yǎng)活全球五分之一的人口仍是一項艱巨的任務(wù)。中國政府面臨許多挑戰(zhàn)，最嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)之一就是耕地流失。過去幾年中，平均每年有66.7萬公頃耕地被城市擴建、工業(yè)發(fā)展以及公路建設(shè)工程占用，另有1萬平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。中國北方地區(qū)地下水位下降，農(nóng)民不得不改種耐旱、地產(chǎn)作物，甚至撂荒。同時，農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施損耗嚴重，三分之二的灌溉設(shè)施需要整修。由于農(nóng)民為增長收入而改種經(jīng)濟作物，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式正在轉(zhuǎn)變。過去十幾年，全國水果和蔬菜種植面積平均每年增長130萬公頃。因此，水稻、玉米及小麥產(chǎn)量急劇下降。中國已由糧食凈出口國變?yōu)榧Z食凈進口國。中國政府把農(nóng)業(yè)改革視為頭等大事，投入大量資金用于提高小麥和稻米的收購價以及改善農(nóng)田灌溉基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。近年來，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的價格穩(wěn)步上升，中國政府采用此項措施以提高農(nóng)民種糧的積極性。2023年11月三級筆譯實務(wù)真題Section

1：

English-Chinese

Translation

(50points)Stroll

through

the

farmers’

market

and

you

will

heara

plethora

of

languages

and

see

a

rainbow

offaces.

Drive

down

Canyon

Road

and

stop

for

halalmeat

or

Filipino

pork

belly

at

adjacent

markets.Along

the

highway,

browse

the

aisles

of

a

giant

Asian

supermarket

stocking

fresh

napa

cabbageand

mizuna

or

fresh

kimchi.

Head

toward

downtown

and

you’ll

see

loncheras

—

taco

trucks

—on

street

corners

and

hear

Spanish

bandamusic.

On

the

city’s

northern

edge,

you

can

sampleIndian

chaat.Welcome

to

Beaverton,

a

Portland

suburb

that

is

home

to

Oregon’s

fastest

growing

immigrantpopulation.

Once

a

rural

community,

Beaverton,

population

87,000,

is

now

the

sixth

largestcity

in

Oregon

—

with

immigration

rates

higher

than

those

of

Portland,

OregonBest

known

as

the

world

headquarters

for

athletic

shoe

company

Nike,

Beaverton

has

changeddramatically

over

the

past

40

years.

Settled

by

immigrants

from

northern

Europe

in

the

19thcentury,

today

it

is

a

place

where

80

languages

from

Albanian

to

Urdu

are

spoken

in

the

publicschools

and

about

30

percent

of

students

speak

a

language

besides

English,

according

toEnglish

as

a

Second

Language

program

director

Wei

Wei

Lou.Beaverton’s

wave

of

new

residents

began

arriving

in

the

1960s,

with

Koreans

and

Tejanos(Texans

of

Mexican

origin),

who

were

the

first

permanent

Latinos.

In

1960,

Beaverton’spopulation

of

Latinos

and

Asians

was

less

than

0.3

percent.

By

2023,

Beaverton

hadproportionately

more

Asian

and

Hispanic

residents

than

the

Portland

metro

area.

Today,

Asianscomprise

10

percent

and

Hispanics

11

percent

of

Beaverton’s

population.Mayor

Denny

Doyle

says

that

many

in

Beaverton

view

the

immigrants

who

are

rapidly

reshapingBeaverton

as

a

source

of

enrichment.“Citizens

here

especially

in

the

arts

and

culturecommunity

think

it’s

fantastic

that

we

have

all

these

different

possibilities

here,”

he

says.Gloria

Vargas,50,

a

Salvadoran

immigrant,

owns

a

popular

small

restaurant,

Gloria’s

SecretCafé,

in

downtown

Beaverton.“I

love

Beaverton,”

she

says.“I

feel

like

I

belong

here.”

Hermother

moved

her

to

Los

Angeles

as

a

teenager

in

1973,

and

she

moved

Oregon

in

1979.

Shelanded

a

coveted

vendor

spot

in

the

Beaverton

Farmers

Market

in

1999.

Now

in

addition

torunning

her

restaurant,

she

has

one

of

the

most

popular

stalls

there,

selling

up

to

200Salvadoran

tamales

—

wrapped

in

banana

leaves

rather

than

corn

husks

—

each

Saturday.“Once

they

buy

my

food,

they

always

come

back

for

more,”

she

says.“It’s

pretty

relaxed

here,”

says

Taj

Suleyman,28,

born

and

raised

in

Lebanon,

and

recentlytransplanted

to

Beaverton

to

start

a

job

working

with

immigrants

from

many

countries.

HalfMiddle

Eastern

and

half

African,

Suleyman

says

he

was

attracted

to

Beaverton

specificallybecause

of

its

diversity.

He

serves

on

a

city-sponsored

Diversity

Task

Force

set

up

by

MayorDoyle.Mohammed

Haque,

originally

from

Bangladesh,

finds

Beaverton

very

welcoming.

His

daughter,he

boasts,

was

even

elected

her

high

school’s

homecoming

queen.South

Asians

such

as

Haque

have

transformed

Bethany,

a

neighborhood

north

of

Beaverton.It

is

dense

with

immigrants

from

Gujarat,

a

state

in

India

and

primary

source

for

the

first

waveof

Beaverton’s

South

Asian

immigrants.The

first

wave

of

South

Asian

immigrants

to

Beaverton,

mostly

Gujaratis

from

India,

arrived

inthe

1960s

and

1970s,

when

the

motel

and

hotel

industry

was

booming.

Many

bought

smallhotels

and

originally

settled

in

Portland,

and

then

relocated

to

Beaverton

for

better

schools

andbigger

yards.

The

second

wave

of

South

Asians

arrived

during

the

high-tech

boom

of

the1980s,

when

the

software

industry,

and

Intel

and

Tektronix,

really

took

off.Many

of

Beaverton’s

Asians

converge

at

Uwajimaya,

a

30,000-square-foot

supermarket

nearcentral

Beaverton.

Bernie

Capell,

former

special

events

coordinator

at

Uwajimaya,

says

thatmany

come

to

shop

for

fresh

produce

every

day.

But

the

biggest

group

of

shoppers

atUwajimaya,

she

adds,

are

Caucasians.Beaverton’s

Asian

population

boasts

a

sizable

number

of

Koreans,

who

began

to

arrive

in

thelate

1960s

and

early

1970s.According

to

Ted

Chung,

a

native

of

Korea

and

Beaverton

resident

since

1978,

three

thingsstand

out

about

his

fellow

Korean

immigrants.

Upon

moving

to

Beaverton,

they

join

a

Christianchurch

—

often

Methodist

or

Presbyterian

—

as

a

gathering

place;

they

push

their

children

toexcel

in

school;

and

they

shun

the

spotlight.Chung

says

he

and

his

fellow

Korean

émigrés

work

hard

as

small

businessmen

—

owninggroceries,

dry

cleaners,

laundromats,

delis,

and

sushi

shops

—

and

are

frugal

so

they

can

sendtheir

children

to

a

leading

university.Most

recently,

immigrants

from

Central

and

South

America,

as

well

as

refugees

from

Iraq

andSomalia,

have

joined

the

Beaverton

community.Many

Beaverton

organizations

help

immigrants.The

Beaverton

Resource

Center

helps

all

immigrants

with

health

and

literacy

services.

TheSomali

Family

Education

Center

helps

Somalis

and

other

African

refugees

to

get

settled.Historically

white

churches,

such

as

Beaverton

First

United

Methodist

Church,

offer

immigrationministries.Beaverton’s

Mayor

Doyle

wants

refugee

and

immigrant

leaders

to

participate

in

the

town’sdecision-making.

He

set

up

a

Diversity

Task

Force

whose

mission

is

“to

build

inclusive

andequitable

communities

in

the

City

of

Beaverton.”

The

task

force

is

working

to

create

amulticultural

community

center

for

Beavertonians

of

all

backgrounds.The

resources

and

warm

welcome

that

Beaverton

gives

immigrants

are

reciprocated

in

theaffection

that

many

express

for

their

new

home.Kaltun

Caynan,40,

a

Somali

woman

who

came

to

Beaverton

in

2023

fleeing

civil

war,

is

anoutreach

coordinator

for

the

Somali

Family

Education

Center.“I

like

it

so

much,”

she

said,cheerfully.“Nobody

discriminate[Section

1：英譯漢（50分）漫步走過農(nóng)貿(mào)市場，你會聽到各種語言，見到各式各樣的面孔。沿峽谷路開下去，在鄰近的各種市場，你可以買到清真食品或菲律賓五花豬肉。在高速公路兩旁，逛逛巨大的亞裔超市，其中陳列著新鮮的中國大白菜和京都水菜或者新鮮的韓國泡菜。向著市區(qū)開去，在街角會看到賣墨西哥煎玉米卷的卡車，聽到西班牙風格的班達音樂。在城市的北邊，你則可以品嘗到印度菜。歡迎來到波特蘭市郊的比弗頓！這里有著俄勒岡州增長最快的移民群體。人口87000的比弗頓，一度是個農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)，如今成為俄勒岡第六大城市——并且移民比例高于俄勒岡州最大城市波特蘭。比弗頓最為人知的是，它是耐克運動鞋公司全球總部所在地。過去40年來這里發(fā)生了巨大變化。據(jù)英語作第二語言項目主管羅未未說，比弗頓在十九世紀的定居者是北歐移民，現(xiàn)在公立學校學生中講從阿爾巴尼亞語到烏爾都語的80種語言，大約30%的學生會使用英語以外的一種語言。比弗頓在1960年代迎來第一波新居民潮，先是韓國人和提加洛人（原籍墨西哥的德克薩斯人）——后者是第一批拉美裔永久居民。1960年，比弗頓的拉美裔和亞裔人口不到0.3%。到2023年，比弗頓的亞裔和拉美裔人口比例超過波特蘭都市區(qū)。今天，亞裔占比弗頓人口的10%，拉美裔占11%。市長丹尼·道爾說，在比弗頓的許多人看來，迅速重塑比弗頓的移民讓生活變得豐富。他說：“這里的市民，特別藝術(shù)和文化圈人士，認為此地擁有種種不同的也許性，實在非常美妙?！爆F(xiàn)年50歲的格洛麗亞·巴爾加斯是薩爾瓦多移民，在比弗頓市區(qū)擁有一家生意紅火的小餐館——格洛麗亞秘密餐館。她說：“我愛比弗頓。我感到我屬于這里?！?973年，在她十來歲時，母親把她帶到洛杉磯，她在1979年搬到比弗頓。1999年，她在比弗頓農(nóng)貿(mào)市場拿到一個令人垂涎的攤位?，F(xiàn)在除了打理餐館以外，她在那里有一個最受歡迎的小攤，每個星期六賣出多達200份薩爾瓦多玉米粉蒸肉——用香蕉葉而不是玉米皮包裝。她說：“他們一旦買過我的食品，總會再回頭?！?8歲的泰基·蘇雷曼在黎巴嫩出生長大，近期遷到比弗頓，開始為來自許多國家的移民服務(wù)。他說：“這里的氣氛很輕松?！碧K雷曼有一半中東血統(tǒng)，一半非洲血統(tǒng)。他說，比弗頓的多元化對他特別有吸引力。他在道爾市長設(shè)立由市府贊助的多元特別工作組供職。原籍孟加拉的穆罕默德·哈克，感覺比弗頓很歡迎外來者。他自豪地說，他的女兒甚至當選為所就讀高中的返校節(jié)皇后。哈克和一批南亞人則改變了比弗頓北邊的貝瑟尼社區(qū)的面貌。這個區(qū)住著很多來自印度古吉拉特邦的移民，比弗頓第一波南亞移民重要來自那里。在1960和1970年代汽車旅館和旅館業(yè)興盛時期，第一波南亞移民到達比弗頓，他們重要來自印度的古吉拉特邦。許多人買下小旅館，起初在波特蘭安家，后來搬到比弗頓尋求更好的學校和更大的院子。第二波南亞移民在1980年代的高科技繁榮期到來，當時軟件業(yè)和英特爾及泰克欣欣向榮。市中心附近一家占地30000平方英尺的超市宇和島屋成為比弗頓亞裔居民的匯聚地。曾任宇和島屋特別活動協(xié)調(diào)人的伯尼·卡佩爾說，天天都有許多人來購買新鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。但是她說，宇和島屋最大的購物群體是白人。弗頓的亞裔人口當中有相稱數(shù)量的韓國人，他們在1960年代后期和1970年代初期開始搬到這里。比據(jù)1978年來比弗頓定居的韓國人特德·鐘說，他這樣的韓國移民有三個特點：一搬到比弗頓他們便加入基督教會——經(jīng)常是衛(wèi)理教會或長老教會，以此作為聚集地；他們督促孩子在學校取得優(yōu)異成績；他們行事低調(diào)。鐘說他和其他韓國移民作為小公司主辛勤工作，經(jīng)營食品店、干洗店、洗衣房、熟食店和壽司店，并且為能供孩子上一流大學而生活節(jié)儉。最近，中南美洲移民以及伊拉克和索馬里難民也加入了比弗頓社群。比弗頓有很多組織為移民提供幫助。比弗頓資源中心幫助所有移民獲得醫(yī)療和語言服務(wù)。索馬里家庭教育中心幫助索馬里和其他非洲難民安家落戶。比弗頓的一所小學甚至提出“縫合”設(shè)想——學生的家長在一起縫衣，以此歡迎索馬里班圖族家長，彌合巨大的文化差異。歷史上是白人教會的比弗頓第一聯(lián)合衛(wèi)理睬教會等教會，現(xiàn)在提供移民牧師服務(wù)。所有教區(qū)的比弗頓教堂提供朝鮮語或西班牙語服務(wù)。比弗頓市長道爾希望難民和移民領(lǐng)袖參與本市的決策。他設(shè)立了多元特別工作組，使命是“在比弗頓市構(gòu)建包容和公平的社區(qū)”。特別工作組正努力打造面向所有背景的比弗頓人的跨文化社區(qū)中心。比弗頓為移民提供的資源和熱情歡迎與眾多市民對自己新家表露的感情交相輝映?，F(xiàn)年40歲、來自索馬里的卡爾頓·凱南，在2023年逃離內(nèi)戰(zhàn)來到比弗頓，目前擔任索馬里家庭教育中心拓展協(xié)調(diào)員。她快樂地說：“我很喜歡這里。沒有人歧視我，每個人都對我微笑?！盇

Melting

Greenland

Weighs

Perils

Against

Potential全球變暖對格陵蘭是福是禍？By

ELISABETH

ROSENTHAL

October

08,2023ELISABETH

ROSENTHAL

報道2023年10月08日NARSAQ,

Greenland

—

As

icebergs

in

the

KayakHarbor

pop

and

hiss

while

melting

away,this

remoteArctic

town

and

its

culture

are

also

disappearing

in

achanging

climate.格陵蘭島納薩克——隨著皮艇港(Kayak

Harbor)的冰山在融化過程中發(fā)出嘶嘶的響聲，這座偏遠的北極小鎮(zhèn)和它的文化，也正在隨著氣候變化而消失。Narsaq’s

largest

employer,

a

shrimp

factory,

closed

a

few

years

ago

after

the

crustaceans

flednorth

to

cooler

water.

Where

once

there

were

eight

commercial

fishing

vessels,

there

is

nowone.納薩克最大的用工公司，一家蝦廠，幾年前倒閉了，因素是蝦蟹都逃往了北方更寒冷的水域。這里曾一度有八艘商業(yè)捕魚船，現(xiàn)在只剩一艘了。As

a

result,

the

population

here,

one

of

southern

Greenland’s

major

towns,

has

been

halvedto

1,500

in

just

a

decade.

Suicides

are

up.因此，作為格陵蘭島南部重要城鄉(xiāng)之一，納薩克的人口在短短十年中降至1500人，減少了一半。自殺率也出現(xiàn)上升。Andrew

Testa

for

The

New

York

Times格陵蘭島的一個漁民駕船駛過正在融化的冰山?！癋ishing

is

the

heart

of

this

town,”

said

Hans

Kaspersen,63,

a

fisherman.“Lots

of

people

havelost

their

livelihoods.”“捕魚是這個小鎮(zhèn)的核心?！苯衲?3歲的漁民漢斯?卡斯佩森(Hans

Kaspersen)說，“很多人失去了生計。”But

even

as

warming

temperatures

are

upending

traditional

Greenlandic

life,

they

are

alsooffering

up

intriguing

new

opportunities

for

this

state

of

57,000—

perhaps

nowhere

more

sothan

here

in

Narsaq.盡管逐漸升高的氣溫正在顛覆著格陵蘭人傳統(tǒng)的生活方式，但是氣溫升高也為這個只有5.7萬人的國家提供了有趣的新機遇，這種機遇在納薩克也許最為明顯。Vast

new

deposits

of

minerals

and

gems

are

being

discovered

as

Greenland’s

massive

ice

caprecedes,

forming

the

basis

of

a

potentially

lucrative

mining

industry.隨著格陵蘭島廣袤的冰蓋逐漸消融，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了儲量豐富的新礦產(chǎn)和寶石，這為潛在利潤巨大的采礦業(yè)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。One

of

the

world’s

largest

deposits

of

rare

earth

metals

—

essential

for

manufacturingcellphones,

wind

turbines

and

electric

cars

—

sits

just

outside

Narsaq.全球最大的稀土金屬礦藏就坐落在納薩克城外不遠處，稀土金屬在生產(chǎn)手機、風力渦輪機和電動汽車時必不可少。This

could

be

momentous

for

Greenland,

which

has

long

relied

on

half

a

billion

dollars

a

year

inwelfare

payments

from

Denmark,

its

parent

state.

Mining

profits

could

help

Greenland

becomeeconomically

self

sufficient

and

render

it

the

first

sovereign

nation

created

by

global

warming.對格陵蘭島而言，這也許具有重大意義。很長時間以來，格陵蘭島一直依賴其母國丹麥每年撥付的5億美元資金支持維持運營。采礦利潤也許會幫助格陵蘭島實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟上的自給自足，成為第一個因全球變暖而成立的主權(quán)國家?！癘ne

of

our

goals

is

to

obtain

independence,”

said

Vittus

Qujaukitsoq,

a

prominent

laborunion

leader.知名工會領(lǐng)袖維圖斯?奎奧基茨克(Vittus

Qujaukitsoq)說，“我們的目的之一是取得獨立。”But

the

rapid

transition

from

a

society

of

individual

fishermen

and

hunters

to

an

economysupported

by

corporate

mining

raises

difficult

questions.

How

would

Greenland’s

insularsettlements

tolerate

an

influx

of

thousands

of

Polish

or

Chinese

construction

workers,

as

hasbeen

proposed?

Will

mining

despoil

a

natural

environment

essential

to

Greenland’s

nationalidentity

—

the

whales

and

seals,

the

silent

icy

fjords,

and

mythic

polar

bears?

Can

fishermanreinvent

themselves

as

miners?然而，把一個由個體漁民和獵人組成的社會，迅速轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛晒静傻V支撐的經(jīng)濟體，也引發(fā)了一些難題。比如，格陵蘭島上與世隔絕的定居點，如何承受計劃招徠的數(shù)千名波蘭或中國建筑工人？采礦是否會破壞格陵蘭島的國家形象（鯨、海豹、寂靜的冰川海灣，以及神秘的北極熊）所不可或缺的自然環(huán)境？漁民們可以把自身重塑成礦工嗎？“I

think

mining

will

be

the

future,

but

this

is

a

difficult

phase,”

said

Jens

B.

Frederiksen,Greenland’s

housing

and

infrastructure

minister

and

a

deputy

premier.“It’s

a

plan

that

noteveryone

wants.

It’s

about

traditions,

the

freedom

of

a

boat,

family

professions.”“我認為采礦就是我們的未來，但現(xiàn)在是一個艱難的階段?！备窳晏m住房與基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施部長、副總理延斯?B?佛雷德利克森(Jens

B.

Frederiksen)說，“這并不是一個所有人都贊成的計劃，它會涉及傳統(tǒng)、駕船的自由，以及代代相傳的職業(yè)。”The

Arctic

is

warming

even

faster

than

other

parts

of

the

planet,

and

the

rapidly

melting

ice

iscausing

alarm

among

scientists

about

sea-level

rise.

In

northeastern

Greenland,

average

yearlytemperature

have

risen

4.5

degrees

in

the

past

15

years,

and

scientists

predict

the

area

couldwarm

by

14

to

21

degrees

by

the

end

of

the

century.北極變暖的速度比地球上其他任何地方都快，而迅速融化的冰川引起了科學家對海平面上升的警惕。過去2023中，格陵蘭島東北部的年均氣溫上升了4.5度。而科學家預測，到本世紀末，該地區(qū)氣溫會升高14至21度。Already,

winter

pack

ice

that

covers

the

fjords

is

no

longer

stable

enough

for

dog

sledding

andsnowmobile

traffic

in

many

areas.

Winter

fishing,

essential

to

feeding

families,

is

becominghazardous

or

impossible.在很多地區(qū)，冬季覆蓋在峽灣里的浮冰已經(jīng)不夠穩(wěn)固，狗拉雪橇和摩托雪橇都無法通行了。冬季捕魚是為很多家庭提供食物的重要手段，但現(xiàn)在卻變得很危險，甚至不也許了。It

has

long

been

known

that

Greenland

sat

upon

vast

mineral

lodes,

and

the

Danishgovernment

has

mapped

them

intermittently

for

decades.

Niels

Bohr,

Denmark’s

Nobel

Prize-winning

nuclear

physicist

and

a

member

of

the

Manhattan

Project,

visited

Narsaq

in

1957because

of

its格陵蘭島地下蘊藏著巨大的礦藏這一點久為人知。幾十年來，丹麥政府已經(jīng)斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地繪制了這些礦藏的分布圖。參與過曼哈頓計劃(Manhattan

Project)的丹麥核物理學家、諾貝爾獎得主尼爾斯?玻爾(Niels

Bohr)曾在1957年造訪納薩克，因素是這里有鈾礦藏。But

previous

attempts

at

mining

mostly

failed,

proving

too

expensive

in

the

inclementconditions.

Now,

warming

has

altered

the

equation.然而，之前的開采嘗試幾乎都失敗了，事實證明在嚴酷的環(huán)境下采礦，成本過于高昂。如今，氣候變暖讓這個等式發(fā)生了變化。Greenland’s

Bureau

of

Minerals

and

Petroleum,

charged

with

managing

the

boom,

currently

has150

active

licenses

for

mineral

exploration,

up

from

20

a

decade

ago.

Altogether,

companiesspent

$100

million

exploring

Greenland’s

deposits

last

year,

and

several

are

applying

for

licensesto

begin

construction

on

new

mines,

bearing

gold,

iron

and

zinc

and

rare

earths.

There

arealso

foreign

companies

exploring

for

offshore

oil.負責對開發(fā)熱潮進行管理的格陵蘭礦產(chǎn)與石油管理局(Bureau

of

Minerals

and

Petroleum)目前發(fā)放的有效的礦產(chǎn)勘探許可證有150份，而十年前僅為20份。去年，各公司總計投入了1億美元用于勘探格陵蘭島的礦藏。有幾家公司正在申請在新礦藏進行建設(shè)的許可證。這些新礦蘊藏著金、鐵、鋅和稀土。也有一些外國公司在勘探近海石油。“For

me,

I

wouldn’t

mind

if

the

whole

ice

cap

disappears,”

said

Ole

Christiansen,

the

chiefexecutive

of

NunamMinerals,

Greenland’s

largest

homegrown

mining

company,

as

he

picked

hisway

along

a

proposed

gold

mining

site

up

the

fjord

from

Nuuk,

Greenland’s

capital.“As

it

melts,we’re

seeing

new

places

with

very

attractive

geology.”“就我而言，我不介意整個冰蓋都消失?！备窳晏m島最大的本土礦業(yè)公司NunamMinerals首席執(zhí)行官奧勒?克里斯蒂安森(Ole

Christiansen)說。他正從格陵蘭島首都努克沿著峽灣前往一處建議的金礦開采地。“隨著冰蓋的融化，我們看到了地貌特性更引人入勝的新地方?！盩he

Black

Angel

lead

and

zinc

mine,

which

closed

in

1990,

is

applying

to

reopen

this

year,

saidJorgen

T.

Hammeken-Holm,

who

oversees

licensing

at

the

country’s

mining

bureau,“becausethe

ice

is

in

retreat

and

you’re

getting

much

more

to

explore.”在格陵蘭礦務(wù)局負責許可證發(fā)放的官員約爾延?T?哈梅肯-霍爾姆(Jorgen

T.

Hammeken-Holm)表達，1990年關(guān)停的黑天使(Black

Angel)鉛鋅礦，正在申請今年重新開礦。她說，“由于冰川正在消退，可供勘探的地方越來越多了。”The

Greenlandic

government

hopes

that

mining

will

provide

new

revenue.

In

granting

Greenlandhome

rule

in

2023,

Denmark

froze

its

annual

subsidy,

which

is

scheduled

to

be

decreasedfurther

in

the

coming

years.格陵蘭政府希望采礦能帶來新的收入。2023年，丹麥允許格陵蘭實行地方自治，并將凍結(jié)給格陵蘭島撥付的年度補貼。根據(jù)安排，補貼金額會在接下來的幾年里進一步減少。Here

in

Narsaq,

a

collection

of

brightly

painted

homes

bordered

by

spectacular

fjords,

twoforeign

companies

are

applying

to

the

government

for

permission

to

mine.在納薩克本地，一片房屋涂著明亮的顏色，不遠處就是壯觀的峽灣。兩家外國公司正在向政府申請采礦許可。“This

is

huge;

we

could

be

mining

this

for

the

next

100

years,”

said

Eric

Sondergaard,

ageologist

with

the

Australian-owned

company

Greenland

Minerals

and

Energy,

who

was

on

theoutskirts

of

Narsaq

one

day

recently,

picking

at

rocks

on

a

moon-like

plateau

rich

with

anestimated

10.5

million

tons

of

rare

earth

ore.澳大利亞所有的格陵蘭礦產(chǎn)和能源公司(Greenland

Minerals

and

Energy)的地質(zhì)學家埃里克?森諾高(EricSondergaard)前不久說，“這兒儲藏豐富，我們也許未來12023都會在這里采礦?！碑敃r，他正在納薩克郊外一個月亮型的高原上反復檢查巖石。據(jù)估計，這個高原蘊藏著1050萬噸稀土礦石。That

proximity

promises

employment,

and

the

company

is

already

schooling

some

young

menin

drilling

and

in

English,

the

international

language

of

mine

operations.

It

plans

to

build

aprocessing

plant,

a

new

port

and

more

roads.(Greenland

currently

has

none

outside

of

settledareas.)

Narsaq’s

tiny

airport,

previously

threatened

with

closure

from

lack

of

traffic,

could

beexpanded.

A

local

landlord

is

contemplating

converting

an

abandoned

apartment

block

into

ahotel由于臨近礦藏，采礦業(yè)在這里提供了就業(yè)機會。這家公司已經(jīng)開始教一些年輕人鉆孔和英語了。英語是采礦作業(yè)使用的國際語言。公司計劃修建一座加工廠和一座新港口，還打算多修些公路。（目前，在格陵蘭島上的定居點以外還沒有公路。）納薩克那個小機場過去由于旅客太少，差一點被關(guān)閉，但現(xiàn)在也許還會擴建。本地的一名房東正盤算著把一處閑置的公寓樓改導致旅館。“There

will

be

a

lot

of

people

coming

from

outside

and

that

will

be

a

big

challenge

sinceGreenlandic

culture

has

been

isolated,”

said

Jasper

Schroder,

a

student

home

in

Narsaq

fromuniversity

in

Denmark.在丹麥一所大學就讀的大學生雅斯佩爾?施羅德(Jasper

Schroder)家在納薩克，他說，“會有很多外國人來，由于格陵蘭島的文化一直都很孤立，這會是一個很大的挑戰(zhàn)?！盨till,

he

supports

the

mine

and

hopes

it

will

provide

jobs

and

stem

the

rash

of

suicides,particularly

among

his

peers;

Greenland

has

one

of

the

highest

suicide

rates

in

the

world.“People

in

this

culture

don’t

want

to

be

a

burden

to

their

families

if

they

can’t

contribute,”

hesaid.但他還是支持采礦，并且希望采礦業(yè)能提供工作機會，遏止草率的自殺事件，特別是他的同齡人的自殺。格陵蘭是全世界自殺率最高的地方之一。他說，“生活在這種文化中的人，假如不能為家庭做出奉獻，就不想成為家人的承擔。”But

not

all

are

convinced

of

the

benefits

of

mining.“Of

course

the

mine

will

help

the

localeconomy

and

will

help

Greenland,

but

I’m

not

so

sure

if

it

will

be

good

for

us,”

said

DorotheaRodgaard,

who

runs

a

local

guesthouse.“We

are

worried

about

the

loss

of

nature.”然而，不是所有人都相信采礦會帶來好處。在本地經(jīng)營著一家家庭旅館的多羅特婭?羅德高(DorotheaRodgaard)說，“當然，采礦會有助于本地的經(jīng)濟，也有助于格陵蘭，但它是否對我們有利，我就不是那么擬定了。我們緊張自然環(huán)境的損失。”2023年閱讀理解p

until

now,

Disney’s

foray

into

China

has

beenanything

but

magical.

Its

Hong

Kong

theme

park,opened

in

2023,

has

had

a

bumpy

ride

due

to

earlymissteps

and

competition

—

in

its

first

year,attendance

fell

400,000

short

of

an

initial

5.6

milliontarget.

The

following

year,

the

number

of

visitorsdropped

to

4

million.

To

add

insult

to

injury,

thecompany

in

2023

discovered

an

amusement

parknear

Beijing

that

was

filled

with

knockoff

Disneycharacters.

But

you

don’t

throw

in

the

towel

in

a

market

with

1.3

billion

potential

customers.

Aftermore

than

a

decade

of

negotiations,

Disney

has

received

clearance

to

build

its

secondDisneyland

in

China,

this

one

in

Shanghai.

The

company

announced

on

Tuesday

that

China’stop

planning

agency

had

approved

plans

to

build

the

new

theme

park,

which

will

join

theexisting

parks

in

Anaheim,

Calif.;

Orlando,

Fla.,

Tokyo,

Paris

and

Hong

Kong.

Disney

officials

wouldn’t

say

when

the

park

will

open

or

how

much

it

will

cost.

The

companystated

in

a

press

release

that

the

Shanghai

park

will

include

"characteristics

tailored

to

theShanghai

region,"

but

a

spokesperson

declined

to

elaborate

on

what

types

of

rides

orattractions

might

be

on

offer.

The

Shanghai

government

has

already

reserved

an

estimated1,000

acres

near

Shanghai’s

international

airport

in

the

city’s

Pudong

district.

Some

speculate

that

the

Chinese

government’s

sudden

announcement

that

Disney

couldgo

ahead

may

be

timed

to

precede

U.S.

President

Barack

Obama’s

first

visit

to

China

Nov.15-18,

which

will

include

a

stop

in

Shanghai."It’s

a

huge

investment,"

says

Shaun

Rein,

managingdirector

of

China

Market

Research

Group

in

Shanghai."By

allowing

this

now,

it

gives

face

toObama

and

really

shows

that

China

and

the

U.S.

need

to

work

together

to

get

out

of

thisfinancial

malaise."

Although

theme

parks

made

up

less

than

a

third

of

Disney’s

total

revenue

of

$38

billion

lastyear,

Shanghai

Disneyland

still

figures

to

be

a

key

addition

to

the

business

because

it

willboost

the

company’s

visibility

in

one

of

the

world’s

fastest-growing

markets.

Due

togovernment

rules

aimed

at

protecting

the

public

from

what

are

perceived

to

be

unwelcomeforeign

cultural

influences,

awareness

of

the

Disney

brand

in

China

lags

that

of

the

rest

of

theworld.

Unlike

in

the

U.S.,

where

Disney

operates

a

24-hour

TV

channel

and

radio

station,

thecompany’s

presence

in

China

is

limited

to

a

dozen

hours

of

programming

a

week

on

localstations,

five

Disney-branded

English-language

schools

in

Shanghai

and

sales

of

Disneymerchandise.

In

the

past

two

years,

Disney

has

produced

two

children’s

films

for

themainland,

The

Magic

Gourd

and

Trail

of

the

Panda.

China

limits

the

number

of

foreign

films

thatare

allowed

to

screen

in

theaters

to

20

a

year.

The

approval

for

park

construction

comes

amid

China’s

ongoing

efforts

to

develop

itstourism

sector,

which

is

expected

to

increase

3%

this

year.

As

disposable

income

in

thecountry

grows,

amusement

parks

have

proliferated

throughout

the

country

—

by

someestimates

there

are

as

many

as

2,000—

but

the

quality

of

the

attractions

is

uneven.

Earlierthis

year,

a

sex-themed

park

in

the

central

Chinese

city

of

Chongqing

called

Love

Land

was

torndown

before

it

could

open

to

the

public.

Shanghai,

however,

could

be

on

the

verge

of

a

tourismboom.

The

city

will

host

the

World

Expo

starting

in

May

2023.

Since

mainland

Chinese

make

up

a

third

of

visitors

to

Hong

Kong

Disneyland,

some

fearthat

the

Shanghai

park

will

siphon

tourists

away

from

the

former

British

colony,

which

is

partof

China

but

has

a

semi-autonomous

government

(mainland

tourists

must

obtain

visas

to

visitHong

Kong).

Since

opening

four

years

ago,

Hong

Kong

Disneyland

has

underperformed

due

toits

small

size

—

at

300

acres,

it’s

the

smallest

of

any

Disney

park

—

as

well

as

high

ticket

pricesand

competition

from

a

nimble

competitor

called

Ocean

Park.

Disney

has

also

made

several

market

miscalculations.

Analysts

say

the

company,

in

tryingnot

to

make

the

same

mistakes

it

did

at

its

Paris

resort

by

failing

to

tailor

the

Disney

formulato

local

tastes,

may

have

gone

overboard

in

its

efforts

to

adapt

the

Hong

Kong

venue

toChinese

customers.

For

example,

the

park’s

restaurants

originally

planned

to

serve

shark’s

finsoup,

a

Chinese

delicacy,

until

environmentalists

protested.

But

the

biggest

knock

againstHong

Kong

Disneyland

—

of

which

the

Hong

Kong

government

owns

57%—

is

a

lack

ofattractions.

In

July,

Disney

and

the

government

moved

to

remedy

that

problem

by

announcingthat

three

new

attractions

would

be

added

over

the

next

five

years.

Disney

officials

dismissed

concerns

that

a

new

park

in

Shanghai

will

steal

Hong

Kongcustomers."We

see

that

Hong

Kong

Disneyland

and

the

Shanghai

park

as

complementary,"said

an

official

in

an

e-mail."We

believe

the

Greater

China

market

is

large

enough

to

supportmultiple

parks."

Further

expansion

in

Asia

may

be

a

good

bet.

Last

year,

roughly

a

quarter

of

Disney’srevenue

came

from

overseas

operations.

Asia

contributed

just

5%,

but

leisure-industry

expertsare

bullish

about

the

region’s

potential.

Last

year,

eight

of

the

world’s

top

20

amusementparks

(by

number

of

visitors)

were

in

Asia,

according

to

a

report

by

Themed

EntertainmentAssociation,

based

in

Burbank,

Calif.

The

buzz

in

Shanghai

is

already

tangible."Chineseconsumers

have

a

lot

of

love

for

Disney,"

says

2023年閱讀理解：ectronic

mail

has

become

an

extremely

importantand

popular

means

of

communication.

The

convenience

and

efficiency

of

electronicmail

are

threatened

by

the

extremely

rapid

growthin

the

volume

of

unsolicited

commercial

electronicmail.

Unsolicited

commercial

electronic

mail

iscurrently

estimated

to

account

for

over

half

of

allelectronic

mall

traffic,

up

from

an

estimated

7

percent

in

2023,

and

the

volume

continues

torise.

Most

of

these

messages

are

fraudulent

or

deceptive

in

one

or

more

respects.

The

receipt

of

unsolicited

commercial

electronic

mail

may

result

in

costs

to

recipients

whocannot

refuse

to

accept

such

mail

and

who

incur

costs

for

the

storage

of

such

mail,

or

for

thetime

spent

accessing,

reviewing,

and

discarding

such

mail,

or

for

both.

The

receipt

of

a

largenumber

of

unwanted

messages

also

decreases

the

convenience

of

electronic

mall

and

createsa

risk

that

wanted

electronic

mail

messages,

both

commercial

and

noncommercial,

will

be

lost,overlooked,

or

discarded

amidst

the

larger

volume

of

unwanted

messages,

thus

reducing

thereliability

and

usefulness

of

electronic

mail

to

the

recipient.

Some

commercial

electronic

mailcontains

material

that

many

recipients

may

consider

vulgar

or

pornographic

in

nature.

The

growth

in

unsolicited

commercial

electronic

mail

imposes

significant

monetary

costson

providers

of

Internet

access

services,

businesses,

and

educational

and

nonprofit

institutionsthat

carry

and

receive

such

mail,

as

there

is

a

finite

volume

of

mail

that

such

providers,businesses,

and

institutions

can

handle

without

further

investment

in

infrastructure.

Manysenders

of

unsolicite