中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧王文艷

中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧

執(zhí)教老師：王文艷64銅仁地區(qū)中考英語各題型所占比例：討論

:平日同學(xué)們是怎樣做英語閱讀題？閱讀理解解題技巧

閱讀理解

閱讀理解主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言知識的能力，包括閱讀能力、理解能力、歸納概括能力、邏輯推理能力以及對材料的評估能力等。在閱讀技巧上，要求考生要了解文章的個別詞或句子、文章的某細(xì)節(jié)或情節(jié)、文章的主題、文章的背景知識、文章的結(jié)論或結(jié)局、文章內(nèi)涵的寓意等。主旨大意型事實細(xì)節(jié)型

詞義猜測型閱讀理解題目主要有以下幾種:推理判斷型一、主旨大意題〔做題要領(lǐng)〕1.干擾項

可能屬文中某個具體事實或細(xì)節(jié)。2.干擾項

可能屬從文中某些(不完全的)事實或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結(jié)論。3.干擾項

可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。(正確答案)是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實或以偏概全。1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-izethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?5)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:Passage1(2016銅仁中考閱讀B)

Apoorboylivedinasmalltown.Hesoldgoodsfromdoortodoortopayforschool.Oneday,heonlyonecentleft,andhewashungry.Hedecidedthathewouldaskforamealatthenexthouse.However,whenayoungwomanopenedthedoor,theboywasshy,sohejustaskedforsomewater.Thewomanknewhewashungry,soshebroughthimalargeglassofmilk.Hedrankitslowly,andthenasked,“HowmuchshouldIpayforit?”“Youwon’tpayforit.Mymotherhastoldmethatitisgoodtohelpthepeoplewhoareintrouble.”Shereplied.Theboysaid,“ThenIthankyoufrommyheart.”Astheboyleftthathouse,hefeltstronger.Heknewhehadmanythingstodo.Manyyearslater,theyoungwomanbecameill.Thelocaldoctorscouldn’tsaveher.Peoplehadtosendhertoabigcity.Whenthedoctorknewwhothewomanwas,hewasexcitedandtriedhisbesttosaveherlife.Hesucceeded.Thewomanneededtopayforthemedicalbill.Thedoctorlearnedthatshecouldn’taffordit.Sohewrotesomethingdownonthemedicalbill.Thewomanreadthebill,“Youhavepaiditwithaglassofmilk.”練習(xí)題細(xì)節(jié)題解釋Question:What’sthebesttitle(標(biāo)題)forthearticle?A.AkindMother.B.ALovelyYoungWoman.C.APoorBoy.D.AGlassofMilk.文章解釋【解析】答案為D。

本文章在句中，句尾出現(xiàn)主題句。主題句在句中出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細(xì)節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。

尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來表示一個段落的主旨大意。文章主要針對文章某一事實現(xiàn)象或邏輯推理分析提出問題，可以通過瀏覽.尋找和對號入座等方法快速找到答案。

提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,who,which,where,how,why

等。事實細(xì)節(jié)型1〕Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2〕Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3〕Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實和特定細(xì)節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：Passage2〔2016銅仁中考閱讀A)

練習(xí)題解釋第三節(jié)

解釋文章56.Whatkindofsoupcanyouhaveinthisrestaurant?A.Vegetablesoup B.Eggsoup C.Bonesoup D.Fishsoup60.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothe“MENU”?A.Ifyouhaveonly￥20.00,youcanbuyBeefandFriedrice.B.GanluyuanRestaurantonlyservestraditionalChinesefood.C.ThecheapestmaincourseisItalianpizza.D.Ifyouwanttoorderfood,youcansendan-email.【解析】56題答案為C。根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，可尋找和對號入座的方法快速找到答案?！窘馕觥?0題答案為C

。根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗證A、B、C、D四個答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出C

符合圖表內(nèi)容。此類型題可以根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準(zhǔn)確含義。情景推斷法、代詞替代法等

詞義猜測型主要提問方式：1.Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans__________.2.Theunderlinedword“it”inthepassagerefersto___________.3.Here“it”means______________判斷詞義1〕文中找線索或信息詞;2)根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；3〕根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。做題要領(lǐng)Passage3:〔本次月考閱讀B〕OnedaypeopletakehimtoNewYork,butthepoordogislostthere.Theplaceisfarfromhishometown.It’sabout2,000milesaway.Boltwantstoreturntohisworld.Hehastofaceallthedangerallbyhimself.HebeginstogoacrosstheUSA.OnhiswayhemeetsMittens,alonelycat.Thentheymeetamouse.HisnameisRhino.HelikeswatchingTVverymuch.Theybecomefriends.Theymeetmanystrangeanimalsandpeopleontheirway.Alongtheway,theymeetmanydifficulties.Theytrytheirbesttodealwiththemandnevergiveup.AtlastBoltfeelsthathecanbeahero(英雄)bothinTVprogramsandinreallife.Themovieisveryinstructive.Wecanlearnalotfromit.64.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“instructive”meaninthepassage?A.刺激的 B.有教育意義的 C.淺薄的 D.滑稽的解釋Themovieisveryinstructive.Wecanlearnalotfromit.從此單詞的下一句話，我們可以推出instructive的詞意。因此選C項。此題答案選C

推理判斷題：著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論〔非考生觀點(diǎn)〕，客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推理判斷型

透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。推理判斷題〔做題要領(lǐng)〕既要求學(xué)生透過文章外表文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的開展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：Wecanconclude(得出結(jié)論)

fromthepassagethat_____.2.Whatisthepurpose(目的)

ofthispassage?3.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

Passage4(本次4月月考閱讀D)Everyonefeelssadsometimes.It’snormaltofeelsadwhensomethingbadhappenstoyou.It’sallrighttoshowyou’resad.It’sallrighttocry.Butifyoutalktoyourfriends,teachersorfatherandmother

,listentosoftmusicortakepartinactivities,youmayfeelmuchbetter.Trytosmileatlifewhenyouareintroubleandthenyouwillsoonbehappyagain.Ifyouhaveanyproblem,pleasecallmeat2676790.Don’tkeepsilentaboutyourproblem.

——————根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容，完成以下表格，每空一詞。答案書寫在答題卡各小題規(guī)定的位置。parents解析：從Butifyoutalktoyourfriends,teachersorfatherandmother

句可以推出fatherandmother與parents替代，因此在此填寫parents。答案一定要在原文中找到依據(jù)或理由，不能只憑常識或自己主觀胡亂推測。文章IInChina,safetyeducationisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantnow.ThelastMondayinMarchisforstudentstolearnitatschool.Ithelpsstudentslearnmoreaboutwhattheyshoulddotokeepthemselvessafe.Whataretheaccidentsatschool?Takealook.Stampedes〔踩踏〕,earthquakesandfiresarethemainaccidentsatschool.Astampedealwayshappensincrowdedplaces.Whenstudentsaroundyoubegintopush,juststandthereandtrytoholdontosomething.Ifyoufalldowninthecrowd,movetoonesideandprotectyourheadwithyourhandsaround.

Exercise:

Passage5銅仁市2015年中考閱讀理解BWhenearthquakeshappen,youcangetunderadeskquicklyandholdon.It’llprotectyoufromfallingthings.Ifyouareoutdoors,findaplaceawayfrombuildings,trees,andpowerlines.Whenthere’safire,leavetheclassroomquickly.It’sbettertoputsomethingwetoveryourmouthandnose.Inthisway,youwon’tbreatheinsmoke.Manypeopledieinafire,notbecauseofthefirebutsmoke.Itmakesthemcoughandtheycan’tbreathe.閱讀A與B兩篇短文，從56－65每題所給的選項中選出最正確答案，并在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置將其涂黑。61.Stampedes,earthquakesandfiresarethemainaccidents________.A.atschool. B.athome C.onthefarm. D.intheopenair.62.Astampedealwayshappensin___________places.A.busy B.dirty C.crowded

D.clean63.Whenearthquakeshappen,youcanget

___