板塊5從句和句式的運(yùn)用第2講定語從句教師用書教案

第2講定語從句[前沿最新動態(tài)]題型高考典題試做命題角度解讀語法填空1.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.2．(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartistwhose_paintingswerealmostlifelike.3．(2020·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759.4．(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.1.考查定語從句的關(guān)系代詞；2．考查定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞。短文改錯1.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Thankyouforyourletter,whatreallymademehappy.what→which2．(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.what→that3．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.where→when4．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.which→where或which前加in1.關(guān)系代詞的缺失；2．關(guān)系副詞的錯用；3．關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的錯用；4．關(guān)系代詞前介詞的缺失?？键c一關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2020·哈爾濱調(diào)研)Badalingisthemostfamousofthefivesectionswhich/thatliesnearBeijingandcanbeaccessedeasily.2．(2020·四平模擬)Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosewho/thataretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.3．(2020·北戴河聯(lián)考)Whentravelling,wewillenjoyourselvesandlearnsomethingfromtheexploration，whichattractsmeverymuch.4．(2020·石家莊模擬)AsisoftenthecaseinChina,foreignfirmswillfacebigbarriers.5．(2020·太原三模)AnyonewhoiscaughtprovidingfoodforSanFrancisco'spigeonscouldfaceaheavyfine.6．(2020·濟(jì)寧聯(lián)考)Mr.Liuisthepersonwhomyoutalkedwithonthebus.7．(2020·秦皇島模擬)Childrenwhoarenotactiveorwhosedietishighinfootwillgainweightquickly.Ⅱ.單句改錯8．(2020·南充市統(tǒng)考)ThesongIsangwasCountryRoad,thatisaveryfamouspieceofAmericancountrymusic.that→which9．(2020·衡水中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Hearingmystory,theheadteacher,thatwasgivinghislecture,praisedmebeforeallthestudents.that→who_10．(2020·邯鄲市模擬)Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown,wherewasverykindofhim.where→which[要點解讀]1．關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中的作用who人主語、賓語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語、狀語whose人或物定語as人或物主語、賓語、表語Sheisnolongerthegirl(that)shewastenyearsago.她已不再是10年前的她了。Ihatetheway(that)shealwayscriticizesme.我討厭她一貫批評我的方式。Heisadoctor，aswashiswifebeforeshehadchildren.他是醫(yī)生，他妻子生兒育女之前也是。2．that和which的用法區(qū)別只用that的情況先行詞是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代詞時先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，all等修飾時先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時先行詞既有人又有物時只用which的情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(逗號隔開時)關(guān)系代詞指物，且前有介詞時ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership，whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《今日中國》有著全球的讀者群，這說明全球越來越多的人想要了解中國。3．a(chǎn)s和which的區(qū)別asas引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常譯為“正如……，正像……”。從句的謂語動詞多為see，know，expect，say，mention，report等whichwhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾前面整個句子時，只能置于主句后，常譯為“這一點，這件事”等，which引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關(guān)系“Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover，”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老話說的那樣：“人不可貌相”。[易錯提醒]as用在限制性定語從句中時，先行詞必須有such，so或thesame等修飾，且as在從句中作賓語時不能省略。考點二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2020·吉林省吉大附中模擬)Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheoldpeoplewhentheyswaminit.2．(2020·曲阜師大附中模擬)Wewentthroughaperiodwhencommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.3．(2020·威海模擬)IsthistheschoolwheresomeGermanfriendswentlastweek?Ⅱ.單句改錯4．(2020·錦州八縣市一中聯(lián)考)OccasionsarequiterarewhereIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.where→when5．(2020·黃島區(qū)聯(lián)考)TheSongofChinahassetupastagewhichsomepeoplecanachievetheirdreams.which→where6．(2020·大同模擬)Cheerup!Everyonemayhaveperiodsintheirlivesthateverythingseemstough.that→when[要點解讀]關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中的作用when時間名詞時間狀語where地點名詞或抽象名詞(situation，point，case，position，stage等)地點狀語whythereason原因狀語Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，whentheweathermaybebetter.我們將把在公園的野餐推遲到下周，屆時天氣可能會更好。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該參與社團(tuán)活動，在這些活動中他們可以獲得成長的經(jīng)驗。Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天沒參加會議的原因嗎？考點三“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句[題組試做]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2020·棗莊模擬)MichelCroz,withwhosehelpDaisypassedtheexam,wasoneofthestraightAstudentsoftheschool.2．(2020·淄博張店聯(lián)考)Thehouse,theroofofwhichwasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.3．(2020·三亞月考)LiLei,forwhomEnglishwasoncedifficult,canspeakEnglishfluentlyasthoughhewereanativespeaker.Ⅱ.單句改錯4．(2020·保定模擬)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook，whichtherearemanycartoons.which→where或which前加in[要點解讀]1．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時，介詞的賓語只能用which、whom，且不能省略。Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.一些專家認(rèn)為閱讀是學(xué)校教育所依賴的基本技能。September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.9月30日之前你必須繳付賬單。2．“名詞/不定代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞比較級或最高級＋of＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，表示部分與整體的關(guān)系。Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheorieswhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科學(xué)家們提出了很多關(guān)于人類為什么哭泣時流淚的理論，這些理論尚未得到證實。Manyyoungpeople，mostofwhomwerewell-educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年輕人都去了偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求自己的夢想，他們中大部分都受過良好的教育。3．在非限制性定語從句中，whose修飾物時可以換為“the＋名詞＋ofwhich”；修飾人時，可以換為“the＋名詞＋ofwhom”。Thenewly-builtcafé，thewallsofwhich(＝whosewalls)arepaintedlightgreen，isreallyapeacefulplaceforus，especiallyafterhardwork.這家新建成的咖啡館，墻被刷成了淺綠色，對我們來說，真是一個安靜的地方，特別是在辛苦工作后。【技法點撥】在語法填空中：1．首先找準(zhǔn)先行詞[有的定語從句并不緊跟在先行詞后面，見考點二(題組試做)1、4、6題]，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)從句所缺的成分確定關(guān)系詞的使用。(1)如果缺少主、賓、表作定語，需用關(guān)系代詞；如果缺少狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。(2)確定所缺成分之后，再看先行詞是人還是物，是表示時間的名詞還是表示地點的名詞，是reason還是way等