任務(wù)精讀：淺埋暗挖法（雙語(yǔ)）課件講解

隧道施工技術(shù)淺埋暗挖法TunnelConstructionTechnologyConstructionofOpen-cutTunnel淺埋暗挖法概述OverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod1淺埋暗挖法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)與適用條件

Advantages,DisadvantagesandApplicableConditionsofShallowUndercuttingMethod

2淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod3課程小結(jié)Summary4淺埋暗挖法ShallowUndercuttingMethod目錄TableofContents淺埋暗挖法概述OverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod01地面條件允許的情況下，隧道宜采用明挖法，主要適合在人、交通和管線(xiàn)較少的地方應(yīng)用。Ifthegroundconditionspermit,theopen-cutmethodshouldbeadoptedfortunnelconstruction.Themethodismainlyusedinareaswithfewpeopleandpipelines,andsmalltrafficvolume.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法概述ShallowUndercuttingMethodOverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod淺埋暗挖法產(chǎn)生的背景BackgroundoftheInventionoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod

淺埋暗挖法，是指在軟弱圍巖地層中，以改造地質(zhì)條件為前提，以控制地表沉降為重點(diǎn)。

Theshallowundercuttingmethodreferstothatintheweaksurroundingrockstrata,onthepremiseofimprovinggeologicalconditions,focusingoncontrollingsurfacesettlement.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法概述ShallowUndercuttingMethodOverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod淺埋暗挖法產(chǎn)生的背景BackgroundoftheInventionoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod因埋深條件、周邊環(huán)境條件等因素的限制，在建筑物密集的繁華市區(qū)和特殊地質(zhì)區(qū)段經(jīng)常采用淺埋暗挖法施工。Limitedbyburialdepthconditions,surroundingenvironmentalconditionsandotherfactors,theshallowundercuttingmethodisoftenusedinprosperousurbanareaswithdensebuildingsandsectionswithspecialgeologicalconditions.以格柵和錨噴混凝土作為初期支護(hù)手段，遵循“新奧法”理論，按照“十八字”方針進(jìn)行隧道的設(shè)計(jì)和施工?；静豢紤]圍巖的自承能力。takinggrille,andanchoringandshotcretingastheprimarysupportmeans,followingtheNATMtheory,andinaccordancewiththeeighteen-characterpolicy,thedesignandconstructionofthetunnelarecarriedout.Theself-bearingcapacityofthesurroundingrockisnotconsidered.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法概述ShallowUndercuttingMethodOverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod淺埋暗挖法在軍都山黃土隧道、北京地鐵復(fù)興門(mén)折返線(xiàn)、復(fù)—八線(xiàn)、西單車(chē)站采用淺埋暗挖技術(shù)取得了巨大的成功。TheshallowundercuttingmethodwasadoptedintheconstructionofJundushanLoessTunnel,FuxingmenTurning-backLineofBeijingMetro,BeijingSubwayLine1andXidanStation,andtremendoussuccesswasachieved.軍都山黃土隧道（1988）（第一次用小導(dǎo)管、網(wǎng)構(gòu)鋼架）

JundushanLoessTunnel(1988)Smallpipesandlatticedsteelframeswereusedforthefirsttime北京地鐵復(fù)興門(mén)折返線(xiàn)（1987）（國(guó)家科技進(jìn)步二等獎(jiǎng)）FuxingmenTurning-backLineofBeijingMetro(1987)TheSecondPrizeofNationalScienceandTechnologyProgressAward淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法概述ShallowUndercuttingMethodOverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod

1987年8月，北京市科委與鐵道部科技司共同組織鑒定會(huì)，對(duì)淺埋暗挖技術(shù)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，會(huì)上確定取名為“淺埋暗挖法”。InAugust1987,theBeijingMunicipalScience&TechnologyCommissionandtheScienceandTechnologyDivisionoftheMinistryofRailwaysjointlyorganizedanappraisalmeeting,toevaluatethiskindoftunnelconstructiontechnology,onthismeeting,itwasofficiallynamedthe“ShallowUndercuttingMethod’’.軍都山黃土隧道（1988）（第一次用小導(dǎo)管、網(wǎng)構(gòu)鋼架）

JundushanLoessTunnel(1988)Smallpipesandlatticedsteelframeswereusedforthefirsttime北京地鐵復(fù)興門(mén)折返線(xiàn)（1987）（國(guó)家科技進(jìn)步二等獎(jiǎng)）FuxingmenTurning-backLineofBeijingMetro(1987)TheSecondPrizeofNationalScienceandTechnologyProgressAward淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法概述ShallowUndercuttingMethodOverviewoftheShallowUndercuttingMethod建設(shè)部將它命名為國(guó)家級(jí)工法。MinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaentitledittheNationalConstructionMethod.軍都山黃土隧道（1988）（第一次用小導(dǎo)管、網(wǎng)構(gòu)鋼架）

JundushanLoessTunnel(1988)Smallpipesandlatticedsteelframeswereusedforthefirsttime北京地鐵復(fù)興門(mén)折返線(xiàn)（1987）（國(guó)家科技進(jìn)步二等獎(jiǎng)）FuxingmenTurning-backLineofBeijingMetro(1987)TheSecondPrizeofNationalScienceandTechnologyProgressAward淺埋暗挖法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)與適用條件Advantages,DisadvantagesandApplicableConditionsofShallowUndercuttingMethod02施工速度慢，噴射混凝土粉塵多，勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，機(jī)械化程度不高，以及高水位地層結(jié)構(gòu)防水比較困難等。結(jié)構(gòu)形式靈活多變，對(duì)地面建筑、道路和地下管線(xiàn)影響不大，拆遷占地少，擾民少，對(duì)環(huán)境污染較小等。淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)與適用條件ShallowUndercuttingMethodAdvantages,DisadvantagesandApplicableConditionsofShallowUndercuttingMethod淺埋暗挖法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofShallowUndercuttingMethod淺埋暗挖的優(yōu)點(diǎn)AdvantagesoftheShallowUndercuttingMethodFlexibleandchangeablestructures,Littleimpactongroundbuildings,roadsandundergroundpipelines,Lessoccupationoflandfordemolition,Lessdisturbancetoresidents，Lesspollutiononenvironment,etc.淺埋暗挖的缺點(diǎn)DisadvantagesoftheshallowundercuttingmethodSlowconstructionprogress,Muchdustgeneratedbyshotcreting,Highlaborintensity,Lowdegreeofmechanization,anddifficultyencounteredinwaterproofingthestratigraphicstructureofhighwaterlevel.大范圍的淤泥質(zhì)軟土、粉細(xì)砂地層，降水有困難或經(jīng)濟(jì)上選擇此工法不合算的地層。首先FirstlyInstratawithlarge-scalemuddysoftsoilandsilty-finesandandstratainareaswherethereislittleprecipitation,orwhenitcostsalottoconstructtunnelsundercertainstratumconditions.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)與適用條件ShallowUndercuttingMethodAdvantages,DisadvantagesandApplicableConditionsofShallowUndercuttingMethod淺埋暗挖法的適用條件ApplicableConditionsofShallowUndercuttingMethod不宜采用此法。我國(guó)規(guī)范對(duì)土壤的自立性從定性上提出了要求：其次InadditionChina'sspecificationshaveputforwardqualitativerequirementsfortheself-supportingperformanceofsoil:工作面土體的自立時(shí)間，應(yīng)足以進(jìn)行必要的初期支護(hù)作業(yè)。對(duì)開(kāi)挖面前方地層的預(yù)加固和預(yù)處理，視為淺埋暗挖法的必要前提。thismethodshouldnotbeused.Theself-supportingtimeofthesoilmassontheworkingfaceshallbesufficientforthenecessaryprimarysupportoperations.Thepre-reinforcementandpre-treatmentofthestratuminfrontoftheexcavationfaceareregardedasthenecessaryprerequisiteforadoptingtheshallowundercuttingmethod.淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod03淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod淺埋暗挖法施工步驟

ConstructionStepsofShallowUndercuttingMethod施工準(zhǔn)備Constructionpreparation超前小導(dǎo)管布設(shè)Layingofadvancedsmallpipes注漿Grouting土方開(kāi)挖Earthworkexcavation格柵架立Erectionofgrilles鋼筋網(wǎng)片、連接筋Reinforcingmeshandconnectingbars噴射混凝土Shotcreting防水施工Waterproofingconstruction二次襯砌Secondarylining淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第一步：施工準(zhǔn)備Step1:ConstructionPreparation集合施工人員并做好安全培訓(xùn)Assembleconstructionpersonnelandcarryoutsafetytraining.Personnelpreparation人員準(zhǔn)備機(jī)械準(zhǔn)備根據(jù)施工需要配置足夠的機(jī)械Providesufficientmachinerytosatisfyconstructionneeds.Machinerypreparation材料準(zhǔn)備根據(jù)施工情況及市場(chǎng)行情，儲(chǔ)備合格、足量的施工材料Reservequalifiedandsufficientconstructionmaterialsaccordingtoconstructionconditionsandmarketconditions.Materialpreparation淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第一步：施工準(zhǔn)備Step1:ConstructionPreparation工法技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備根據(jù)施工圖紙，及時(shí)組織工程人員審圖，并制定施工方案Organizeengineeringpersonneltoreviewtheconstructiondrawingsintime,andformulatetheMethodStatement.Preparationofconstructionmethodsandtechnologies施工環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備及時(shí)進(jìn)場(chǎng)做好三通一平，做好周邊環(huán)境和政府等部門(mén)的溝通Enterthesitetimely,providewater,electricityandroadandcarryoutgroundleveling,andcommunicationwithsurroundingenvironmentandgovernmentdepartments,etc.Preparationforconstructionenvironment測(cè)量工作準(zhǔn)備及時(shí)進(jìn)場(chǎng)測(cè)設(shè)，保證施工進(jìn)度Timelyenterthesiteandcarryoutthesetting-outtoensuretheconstructionprogress.Preparationforsurveywork淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod人Personnel機(jī)Machinery施工準(zhǔn)備Constructionpreparation測(cè)Survey環(huán)Environment法Methods料Materials淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第二步：超前小導(dǎo)管布設(shè)Step2:Layingofadvancedsmallpipes超前小導(dǎo)管布設(shè)前要確認(rèn)鉆機(jī)、注漿泵等設(shè)備齊全且狀態(tài)良好，鉆機(jī)就位準(zhǔn)確，固定牢固。Beforetheadvancedsmallpipesarelaid,itshallbeconfirmedthatthedrillingrig,groutingpumpandotherequipmentarecompleteandingoodcondition,andthedrillingrigshallbeinthecorrectplaceandfixedfirmly.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第二步：超前小導(dǎo)管布設(shè)Step2:Layingofadvancedsmallpipes檢查確認(rèn)安全后，方可進(jìn)行鉆孔作業(yè)。Aftercheckingandconfirmingthesafety,theDrillingoperationshallbecarriedout.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第二步：超前小導(dǎo)管布設(shè)Step2:Layingofadvancedsmallpipes施工時(shí)要嚴(yán)格按照操作規(guī)程、人員持證上崗，同時(shí)注意施工安全。Theconstructionshallbecarriedoutstrictlyfollowingtheoperatingprocedures,andtheoperatingpersonnelshallworkwithcertificates.Inaddition,attentionshallbepaidtoconstructionsafety.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第三步：注漿Step3:Grouting注漿前要嚴(yán)格檢查機(jī)具，管路及接頭處的牢固程度。Beforegrouting,theconditionofmachinery,toolsandpipelinesandthefirmnessofjointsshallbestrictlychecked.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod開(kāi)挖盡量采用機(jī)械輔助人工開(kāi)挖，第四步：土方開(kāi)挖Step4:Earthworkexcavation開(kāi)挖進(jìn)尺符合設(shè)計(jì)及施工規(guī)范的要求。Theexcavationshallbecarriedoutmanually,withtheassistanceofmachinery,asfaraspossible,Andtheexcavationfootageshallmeettherequirementsofthedesignandconstructionspecifications.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod格柵架的縱向間距和環(huán)向間距要符合設(shè)計(jì)要求，連接板要密貼，施工人員要正確佩戴安全帽等安全防護(hù)用品。第五步：格柵架立Step5:ErectionofgrillesThelongitudinalspacingandcircumferentialspacingofthegrillesupportshallmeetthedesignrequirements,andtheconnectingplateshallbecloselyattached.Constructionpersonnelshallcorrectlywearsafetyprotectionarticlessuchassafetyhelmets.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod施工中要注意鋼筋網(wǎng)片的間距檢查，以及鋼筋的連接是否滿(mǎn)足規(guī)范要求。第六步：鋼筋網(wǎng)片、連接筋Step6:ReinforcingmeshandconnectingbarsDuringconstruction,attentionshallbepaidtotheinspectionofthespacingofreinforcingmesh,andwhethertheconnectionofreinforcementmeetsthespecificationrequirements.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod架立好格柵、鋼筋網(wǎng)檢查合格后進(jìn)行噴射混凝土施工，施工時(shí)要注意混凝土厚度滿(mǎn)足要求。第七步：噴射混凝土Step7:ShotcretingShotcretingshallbecarriedoutafterthegrillesandreinforcingmeshareerectedandinspectedtobequalified.Duringconstruction,attentionshallbepaidtothattheconcretethicknessmeetstherequirements.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod防水板施工時(shí)要注意檢查防水板的焊接質(zhì)量、防水板有無(wú)漏洞、破損。第八步：防水施工Step8:WaterproofingconstructionDuringtheconstructionofwaterproofboards,attentionshallbepaidtotheinspectionoftheirweldingqualitytoseewhetherthereisanyleakageordamage.如果有，要及時(shí)修補(bǔ)。Ifany,itshallberepairedintime.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod第九步：二次襯砌Step9:Secondarylining施工時(shí)注意鋼筋的安裝質(zhì)量、注意混凝土澆筑質(zhì)量，實(shí)行嚴(yán)格的“三檢”制度。Theself-inspection,mutualinspectionandspecialinspectionshallbeimplementedstrictly.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod管超前tremieadvancesupport嚴(yán)注漿strictgrouting短開(kāi)挖shortexcavation強(qiáng)支護(hù)frequentmeasurement快封閉quickclosure勤量測(cè)strongsupport質(zhì)量控制十八字方針theeighteen-characterpolicyofqualitycontrol淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod管超前Tremieadvancesupport開(kāi)挖拱部土體自穩(wěn)能力差，自立時(shí)間短，土體凌空后極易坍塌。Theexcavatedsoilmassofthearchparthaspoorself-stability,andshortself-supportingtime.Thesoilmassispronetocollapsewhenitiswithoutanysupport.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod管超前Tremieadvancesupport采用超前支護(hù)的各種手段主要是提高土體的穩(wěn)定性，控制下沉，防止圍巖松弛和坍塌。Theadvancesupportisadoptedtoimprovethestabilityofsoilmassandcontrolthesettlement,andpreventthesurroundingrocksfromrelaxingandcollapsing.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod嚴(yán)注漿Strictgrouting導(dǎo)管超前支護(hù)后，立即進(jìn)行壓注水泥漿或其它化學(xué)漿液，填充圍巖空隙。Afterthetremieadvancesupport,thepressureinjectionofcementslurryorotherchemicalslurriesshallbecarriedoutimmediatelytofillthevoidsinthesurroundingrock.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod嚴(yán)注漿Strictgrouting使隧道周?chē)纬梢粋€(gè)具有一定強(qiáng)度的殼體，以增強(qiáng)圍巖的自穩(wěn)能力，確保開(kāi)挖過(guò)程中的安全。Ashellwithcertainstrengthisformedaroundthetunnel,enhancingtheself-stabilityofthesurroundingrocktoensuresafetyduringexcavation.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod短進(jìn)尺Shortexcavation一次注漿，一次開(kāi)挖或多次開(kāi)挖，土體暴露時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，進(jìn)尺越大，土體坍塌的危險(xiǎn)就越大，所以一定要嚴(yán)格限制進(jìn)尺的長(zhǎng)度。Intheprocessofone-timegrouting,one-timeexcavationorrepeatedexcavations,thelongerthesoilisexposed,thegreaterthefootage,andthegreatertheriskofsoilcollapse.Therefore,thelengthofthefootagemustbestrictlycontrolled.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod短進(jìn)尺Shortexcavation在施工中可采用預(yù)留核心土，目的除減少開(kāi)挖時(shí)間外，預(yù)留的土體還可以平衡掌子面的土體，防止滑塌。Themethodofreservingcoresoilcanbeusedinconstruction.Bydoingsuch,inadditiontoreducingtheexcavationtime,thereservedsoilmasscanbeusedtobalancethesoilmassofthetunnelfacetopreventcollapse.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod強(qiáng)支護(hù)Strongsupport在松散地層中施工，大量土體的重力會(huì)直接作用于初期支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)上。Whentheconstructioniscarriedoutinloosestrata,thegravityofalargeamountofsoilwilldirectlyactontheprimarysupportstructure.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod強(qiáng)支護(hù)Strongsupport初期支護(hù)必須十分牢固，具有較大的剛度，以控制初期結(jié)構(gòu)的變形，保證結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定。Therefore,theprimarysupportmustbefirmenough,withrelativelystrongrigidity,soastocontrolthedeformationoftheprimarystructureandensurethestabilityofthestructure.淺埋暗挖法淺埋暗挖法施工工藝ShallowUndercuttingMethodProcessofConstructionwithShallowUndercuttingMethod快封閉Quickclosure在臺(tái)階法施工中，如上臺(tái)階未封閉成環(huán)，變形速度較快。Intheco