2025版新教材高考英語全程一輪總復習第四講名詞和數(shù)詞學生用書新人教版

第四講名詞和數(shù)詞高考真題練悟單句語法填空1．Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe________(invite)．[2024·浙江卷1月]2．CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental________(protect)．[2024·全國甲卷]3．TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,andeventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.[2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ]4．“Hesavedmy________(son)life，”saidMrsBrown.“Idon'tknowhowtothankhim.”[2024·新高考Ⅱ卷]5．Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe________(human)are.[2024·新高考Ⅰ][感悟]語法填空四謹記1．空格處假如作動詞或介詞的賓語、或作主語，提示詞常轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞。2．若提示詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，分析句子成分后發(fā)覺詞性不須要變更，若有以下狀況考慮名詞復數(shù)：①有數(shù)詞或these,those,several,many,all,both,various,countless等詞修飾時用名詞復數(shù)形式。②名詞前有oneof時用名詞復數(shù)形式。③若謂語動詞是復數(shù)形式，且空處作主語，則空處應(yīng)填名詞復數(shù)形式。3．提示詞與其后的名詞是所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)考慮名詞的全部格。4．基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞規(guī)律①一般由基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成：sixth;seventh;tenth;eleventh;hundredth；②以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，先把y變?yōu)閕e,再加-th:twentieth;thirtieth③不規(guī)則變形：first;second;third;fifth;eighth;ninth;twelfth等考點多維突破考點一名詞的數(shù)一、可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)的規(guī)則變更可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)形式時一般在名詞后面加-s或-es。變更形式如下表：方法典例一般在詞尾加-smap→maps,sea→seasgirl→girls,day→days以-s，-x，-ch，-sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es(stomach除外)class→classes,box→boxeswatch→watches,dish→dishes以輔音字母＋-y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i，再加-escountry→countriesfactory→factoriesfamily→familiesbaby→babies以元音字母＋-y結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾干脆加-sholiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeys以-o結(jié)尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-spiano→pianosphoto→photos有些在詞尾加-eshero→heroespotato→potatoestomato→tomatoes以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f或-fe為-v，再加-esleaf→leaves,knife→knives，wife→wives，wolf→wolves加-sbelief→beliefs，chief→chiefs，proof→proofs，roof→roofs，二、可數(shù)名詞變復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變更名詞變復數(shù)不規(guī)則變更的形式如下表：方法典例增加字母child→children，ox→oxen變更名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,goose→geese，mouse→mice單復數(shù)同形Chinese，sheep，deer，series，means，works，species表示“某國人”的名詞加-sAmerican→Americans，German→Germans，Greek→Greeks單復數(shù)同形Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的，將-man和-woman分別改為-men,-womenEnglishman→Englishmen三、不行數(shù)名詞1．常見的20個不行數(shù)名詞單詞詞義單詞詞義rubbish垃圾luggage行李information信息advice建議fun樂趣homework家庭作業(yè)progress進步equipment設(shè)備bread面包wealth財寶knowledge學問room空間work工作weather天氣music音樂news新聞；消息traffic交通meat肉word消息luck運氣2.抽象名詞的詳細化具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示詳細的概念時，可以與不定冠詞連用。這就是抽象名詞的詳細化。抽象名詞詳細化success勝利asuccess一個(件)勝利的人或事failure失敗afailure一個(件)失敗的人或事surprise驚異asurprise一件令人驚異的事情pleasure樂事apleasure一件樂事honour榮譽anhonour一件引以為榮的事即學即練單句語法填空1．Inthe2010s,thankstoonlinestreamingservices,eSportsgrewrapidlywithmoreworldwidetournaments,moreviewers,andlarger________(prize)．[2024·麗水、湖州、衢州三地市質(zhì)量檢測]2．2024witnessesthe350thanniversaryofRongBaoZhai.Thebadge(徽章)forRongBaoZhaiusestheChinese________(character)of“three”，“five”and“zero”．[2024·湖南省高三六校聯(lián)考]3．Itiswidelyconsideredthatthesesocial________(policy)willdefinitelyimprovethewell-beingofChinesechildren.[2024·郴州市高三第一次教學質(zhì)量監(jiān)測]4．Hopefully,thecute,witty,hi-techBingDwenDwencanbecomeaclassicandcountlesslasting________(memory)willstickinOlympichistory.[2024·濟寧市高考模擬]5．Manylegendsandstoriesliebehinditsredwallsandunderthegolden________(roof)．[2024·山東省淄博市模擬]考點二名詞全部格狀況構(gòu)成示例表示有生命的名詞的全部格時在詞尾加“'s”theboy'sbag，men'srooms若名詞已有復數(shù)詞尾s只在詞尾加“'”theworkers'struggle省略格：在表示店鋪、教堂、診所的名稱或某人的家時，名詞全部格的后面常省略它所修飾的名詞atthedoctor's在診所；atmysister's在我姐姐(妹妹)的家表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價值、國家、城市等無生命名詞的全部格在詞尾加“'s”來表示所屬關(guān)系，意為“……的”atwentyminutes'walk,atenmiles'journey,twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth雙重全部格of＋名詞“'s”結(jié)構(gòu)afriendofmyfather's,worksofLuXun's即學即練單句語法填空1．Onceabeneficiary(受益者)ofProjectHope,sheisnowcallingonmorepeopletojoininthe________(country)effortstoprovidebettereducationforallchildren.[2024·濟南名校高三溝通聯(lián)考]2．Comparedwiththeclassnineyearsago,this________(year)lecturewasgreatlydifferent.[2024·華中師大一附中考前測試]考點三派生名詞1.動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞后綴典例-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationcorrect→correction改正celebrate→celebration慶祝(活動)discuss→discussion探討；論述decide→decision確定invite→invitation邀請explain→explanation說明-er/-orgather→gatherer收集者，采集者teach→teacher老師direct→director導演conduct→conductor指揮；售票員-mentpunish→punishment懲處achieve→achievement功績；成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)treat→treatment對待；治療-ance/-enceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guide→guidance指引；指導exist→existence存在；生活prefer→preference偏愛-ure/-turefail→failure失敗；倒閉press→pressure壓力depart→departure離開；動身mix→mixture混合；混合物-inghear→hearing聽力，聽覺begin→beginning起先-yrecover→recovery復原，痊愈discover→discovery發(fā)覺其他choose→choice選擇vary→variety多樣化；種類tend→tendency趨向，趨勢2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞后綴例詞-ageshort→shortage不足，短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利，流暢accurate→accuracy精確性private→privacy隱私，私密-domfree→freedom自由wise→wisdom明智；才智-encedifferent→difference差異silent→silence緘默-nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點kind→kindness慈愛，友好careless→carelessness馬虎大意rich→richness富有；豐富-thstrong→strength力氣；優(yōu)勢long→length長度warm→warmth暖和；熱忱grow→growth成長-y/-ty/-ityhonest→honesty誠懇difficult→difficulty困難safe→safety平安cruel→cruelty殘忍disable→disability缺陷；傷殘responsible→responsibility責任即學即練單句語法填空1．Noteveryonehasthestrengthor________(determine)toclimbitstallstepsandsteepslopes(斜坡)．[2024·泉州市中學畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量監(jiān)測一]2．Zhang's________(prepare)thatwentintoproducingthisparticularworkshowstheverymodernwaythattheartisttriestounderstandthesubjectmatter.[2024·武漢市部分學校調(diào)研]3．Sheprovidedmedical________(equip),cleanwaterandfruits.Withthisworkthedeathratedecreasedto2.2%.[2024·河北省模擬]4．Thesedays,doctorsareusinganewapproachtohealing,whichiscalledtapping.Thisapproachcombines________(wise)fromChinesemedicinewithtalktherapy(治療)．[2024·遼寧高三聯(lián)考]5．Meanwhile,abigtourismcompanysaiditsruraltourismbusinesshasshownsignificantpotentialforfuture________(grow)intherecentthreeyears.[2024·武漢市模擬]考點四數(shù)詞數(shù)詞屬于高考試題中不常考查的冷考點，主要涉及基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的基本用法，序數(shù)詞前的修飾語以及由基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成的短語等。1．序數(shù)詞一般由基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成。以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加-eth。如thetwentieth/fiftieth。不規(guī)則的序數(shù)詞有以下幾個：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。序數(shù)詞前通常要加定冠詞the，但當序數(shù)詞不表示依次而表示“再一”“又一”時，要用不定冠詞。2．年齡、年頭的表達：①表達“在某人幾十多歲”用“inone's＋逢十的基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)”；②表達“在幾十年頭”用“inthe＋逢十的基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)”。3．基數(shù)詞dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等表示準確數(shù)目時不能加-s，其前可用數(shù)詞或several,some等修飾，此時其后通常不跟of(后有these,those或代詞賓格時可跟of)；表示“數(shù)以百萬計”“數(shù)以千計”等籠統(tǒng)數(shù)目時，要加-s，其前不能用數(shù)詞，其后可跟of。4．基數(shù)詞可與名詞等構(gòu)成合成形容詞，用連字符連接，作前置定語，其中的名詞應(yīng)運用單數(shù)形式，如afour-hourjourney。5．分數(shù)表達法：分子應(yīng)用基數(shù)詞，分母應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞。分子大于1時，分母應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式，如：two-sevenths七分之二。即學即練單句語法填空1．Thejunkfloatsaround________(hundred)ofkilometersabovetheearth.Expertssaythemainworryisthatsuchdebriswillhitaspacestation,satelliteorotherequipment.[2024·湖南省百所學校聯(lián)考]2．Thisyear,Remilaspenther________(five)SpringFestivalaboardthecarrier.[2024·廈門市其次次質(zhì)量檢測]3．ThereImetagentlemanbythenameofKurieninhislate________(eighty)．[2024·浙江杭州二模]訓練鞏固提能Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Makingcoinswasoneofthegreatestfinancial________(activity)inhumanhistory，”saidresearchers,addingthatitallowedwealthtobetradedeasily.[2024·遼寧省協(xié)作體高三第一次模擬]2．Nowastudyshowsthatthe________(grown-up)havebeenrightallalong.[2024·福建省四地市第一次質(zhì)量檢測]3．Crowshavelongbeenobservedfortheirvariousamazing________(display)ofintelligence.[2024·深圳市第一次調(diào)研]4．Forexample,about70percentofthe________(material)usedintheGameswereobtainedthroughrenting,includingnewsportingequipment,furnitureintheOlympicvillage,technicaldevices.[2024·菏澤市高三一模]5．ThereviewbyGermany'sAlfredWegenerInstituteexaminedalmost2,600research________(paper)onthetopictoprovideanoverviewaheadofaUnitedNationsmeetinglaterthismonth.[2024·河北省名校聯(lián)盟高三下學期調(diào)研]6．Theprojectwascompletedsoquicklybecausetheworkershadbeenarrangedintosevenunitstoundertakedifferent________(task)atthesametime.[2024·重慶市名校聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考]7．Landingonthe________(moon)farsideisextremelychallenging.[2024·全國Ⅰ改編]8．TheFoodandAgriculturalOrganizationoftheUnitedNationssaysaboutone________(three)ofthefoodproducedworldwideeachyeariswastedorlost.9．ClaireJacksoninvestigatesthereturnofourmake-do-and-mendanditturnsoutthat“fast”fashionhasbeenreplacedbya“slow”fashion________(move)．[2024·福州市質(zhì)量檢測]10．Parentsandteachersalikemaintainthat________(silent)isimportantwhenlearning,whereasyoungstersinsistthattheirfavouritesoundshelpthemconcentrate.[2024·福建省四地市第一次質(zhì)量檢測]11．Afterexperiencingheroldersister's________(die)andherparents'divorce,sheisdeterminedtostayaliveforthesakeofherbrokenfamily.[2024·廣東省茂名市五校聯(lián)盟第三次聯(lián)考]Ⅱ.語段填空DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa1.________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe2.________(begin)ofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants，fruitsandflowerscarriesspecial3.________(significant)．Theyrepresenttheearthcomingbackto4.________(live)andbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry：Oranges：Orangetreesaremorethan5.________(decorate)；theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneand6.________(wealthy)．Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmany7.________(time)decoratedwithredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.Bamboo：Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.Certainlyduringtheholidayperiod，thisplantis8.________must.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth，abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasytocareforandmakegreat9.________(present)．10．________(branch)ofPlumBlossoms(梅花)：Thebeautifullongbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesarethefirsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(溶化)．Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.專題二須要“變形”的名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞和副詞第四講名詞和數(shù)詞高考真題練悟1．答案與解析：invitation考查名詞。分析句子成分可知，空處作declined的賓語，應(yīng)用所給詞的名詞形式。2．答案與解析：protection考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。依據(jù)空前的形容詞environmental可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞。3．答案與解析：populations考查名詞復數(shù)。population在這里表示“種群”，是可數(shù)名詞，由空前的separate可知應(yīng)填名詞復數(shù)。4．答案與解析：son's考查名詞的格。life與提示詞son之間是所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)運用名詞全部格。故填son's。5．答案與解析：humans考查名詞的復數(shù)。本空作賓語從句主語we的同位語，故應(yīng)當用名詞的復數(shù)形式?？键c多維突破考點一即學即練1．答案與解析：prizes名詞復數(shù)。prize與空前的tournaments和viewers并列，同樣須要用復數(shù)形式，所以空處填prizes。2．答案與解析：characters名詞復數(shù)。依據(jù)of后面的“three”“five”“zero”可知，該空應(yīng)填character的復數(shù)形式，故填characters。3．答案與解析：policies考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：人們普遍認為，這些社會政策確定會提中學國兒童的福祉。依據(jù)these可知，此處要用可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。4．答案與解析：memories考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：希望可愛、詼諧、高科技的“冰墩墩”將成為奧運史上經(jīng)典而又永恒的記憶。memory為可數(shù)名詞，由countless修飾應(yīng)用復數(shù)形式。5．答案與解析：roofs考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：在它的紅墻后面和金色的屋頂下有很多傳聞和故事。roof為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示數(shù)量大于一，應(yīng)用復數(shù)形式。考點二即學即練1．答案與解析：country's名詞全部格。依據(jù)語境和空前的the以及空后的efforts可知，此處表示“國家的努力”，故填country's。2．答案與解析：year's考查名詞。句意：與九年前的班級相比，今年的講座有很大的不同。分析句子可知，名詞year和名詞lecture存在所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)當用名詞全部格，故填year's?？键c三即學即練1．答案與解析：determination詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處與前面的strength形成并列，同作has的賓語，所以須要填名詞determination。2．答案與解析：preparation詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。依據(jù)空前的Zhang's可知，空處需用名詞。再依據(jù)空后的shows可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的單數(shù)形式，所以空處填preparation。3．答案與解析：equipment考查名詞。句意：她供應(yīng)了醫(yī)療設(shè)備，干凈的水和水果。分析句子可知，空格處作動詞provide的賓語，用名詞形式，故填equipment。4．答案與解析：wisdom考查名詞。句意：這種方法結(jié)合了中醫(yī)的才智和談話療法?？崭裉幱妹~作賓語，wise的名詞是wisdom，是不行數(shù)名詞，意為“才智”，故填wisdom。5．答案與解析：growth考查名詞。句意：與此同時，一家大型旅游公司表示，近三年來，其鄉(xiāng)村旅游業(yè)務(wù)已經(jīng)顯示出巨大的將來增長潛力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處須要用名詞，做介詞for的賓語，故填growth。學問點四即學即練1．答案與解析：hundreds考查數(shù)詞。句意：這些垃圾漂移在地球上空數(shù)百公里處。hundredsof為固定短語，意為“數(shù)以百計的”。2．答案與解析：fifth考查序數(shù)詞。句意：今年，瑞米拉在航母上度過了她的第五個春節(jié)。表示“第五個春節(jié)”，所以用序數(shù)詞形式。3．答案與解析：eighties句意：在那里，我遇到了一位快九十歲的紳士，名叫Kurien。Inone'slateeighties表示“在某人快九十歲時”。訓練鞏固提能Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．答案與解析：activities考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：“制造硬幣是人類歷史上最宏大的金融活動之一，”探討人員說，并補充說，它讓財寶可以很簡單地交易。activity為可數(shù)名詞，此處為oneof＋形容詞最高級＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式。2．答案與解析：grown-ups考查名詞。句意：現(xiàn)在一項探討表明，成年人始終都是對的。結(jié)合后面動詞have，可知此處名詞作主語用復數(shù)形式，grown-ups成年人，符合題意。3．答案與解析：displays考查名詞。句意：人們長期以來始終視察到烏鴉表現(xiàn)出各種各樣令人驚羨的才智。依據(jù)上文theirvarious可知，這里須要填一個可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。4．答案與解析：materials考查名詞的復數(shù)。句意：例如，大約70%的奧運會材料是通過租賃獲得的，包括新的運動器材、奧運村的家具、技術(shù)設(shè)備。material為可數(shù)名詞，由“70percent”可知，空格處用名詞復數(shù)materials。5．答案與解析：papers考查名詞單復數(shù)。句意：這項由德國阿爾弗雷德·韋格納探討所(AlfredWegenerInstitute)進行審查了近2600篇關(guān)于這一主題的探探討文，以便在本月晚些時候的聯(lián)合國會議之前供應(yīng)一個概述。依據(jù)空前的數(shù)詞可知，paper在句中作可數(shù)名詞，意為“論文”，應(yīng)當用其復