美國就業(yè)情況分析報(bào)告-外文版培訓(xùn)課件

POLITICS

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SOCIETYU.S.employmentCHAPTER

01OverviewEmploymentrateintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2023U.S.employmentrate1990-202365.0%64.0%63.0%62.0%61.0%60.0%59.0%58.0%57.0%56.0%'90

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'234Description:In2023,theU.S.employmentratestoodat60.3percent.Employedpersonsconsistof:personswhodidanyworkforpayorprofitduringthesurveyreferenceweek;personswhodidatleast15hoursofunpaidworkinafamily-operatedenterprise;andpersonswhoweretemporarilyabsentfromtheirregularjobsbecauseofillness,vacation,badweather,industrialdispute,orvariouspersonalreasons.Theemployment-populationratiorepresentstheproportionofthecivilian[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2023;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsNumberoffull-timeemployeesintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2023(inmillions)U.S.full-timeemployees1990-20231401351301251201151101051009590'90

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'235Description:In2023,about134.06millionpeoplewereemployedintheUnitedStatesonafull-timebasis,returningtopre-pandemiclevels.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsNumberofpart-timeemployeesintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2023(inmillions)U.S.numberofpart-timeemployees1990-202329.028.027.026.025.024.023.022.021.020.019.0'90

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'236Description:In2023,almost27millionpeoplewereemployedonapart-timebasisintheUnitedStates.Thisisasignificantincreasefrom1990whentherewereonly20.13millionpart-timeemployeesintheU.S.Thenumberpeakedin2016,whentheirwere27.68millionpart-timeworkersintheUnitedStates.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2023;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsNumberofpart-timeandfull-timeemployedworkersintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2022,bygender(inmillions)U.S.full-timeandpart-timeworkers1990-2022,bygenderPart-timewomenPart-timemenFull-timewomenFull-timemen80706050403020100'90

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'237Description:Since1990intheU.S.,therehasalwaysbeenmorementhanwomenworkingatfull-timestatus.In2023,therewere75.5millionmenworkingfull-timecomparedto58.56millionwomen.Forpart-timeworkers,thistrendisflipped,therearemorewomenworkingpart-timethantherearemen.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2022;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsNumberofemployeesintheUnitedStatesinApril2024,byindustry(in1,000s)U.S.numberofemployees2024,byindustryNumberofemployeesinthousands10,00005,00015,00020,00025,000ProfessionalandbusinessservicesHealthcareandsocialassistanceLeisureandhospitalityRetailtrade22,89122,275.116,73915,531.615,009LocalgovernmentManufacturing12,913Construction8,1326,709.5FinanceandinsuranceTransportationandwarehousingWholesaletrade6,474.26,155.1Otherservices5,892Stategovernment5,603Privateeducationalservices4,017.98Description:AsofApril2024,therewereabout22.3millionpeopleworkinginthehealthcareandsocialassistanceindustryintheUnitedStates.TheprofessionalandbusinessservicesindustryemployedthemostpeopleintheU.S.,withabout23millionpeopleworkinginthisindustry.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;April2024;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsMedianhourlyearningsofwageandsalaryworkersintheUnitedStatesfrom1979to2022(incurrentU.S.dollars)U.S.wageandsalaryworkersmedianhourlyearnings1979-2022201816141210864209Description:In2022,themedianhourlyearningsofwageandsalaryworkersintheUnitedStateswas18.12U.S.dollars.Thisisanincreasefrom1979,whenmedianhourlyearningswereat4.44U.S.dollars.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1979to2022Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsCHAPTER

02DemographicsEmploymentrateofmenintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2023U.S.employmentrateofmen1990-202373.0%71.0%69.0%67.0%65.0%63.0%61.0%'90

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'2311Description:In2023,theemploymentrateformenintheUnitedStatesstoodat65.5percent,reflectingnochangefromthepreviousyear.Despitecontinuedgrowth,theemploymentrateofmenhasyettoreturntopre-pandemiclevels.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2023;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsEmploymentrateofwomenintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2023U.S.employmentrateofwomen1990-202358.5%57.5%56.5%55.5%54.5%53.5%52.5%51.5%50.5%'90

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'2312Description:Since1990,theemploymentrateofwomenintheUnitedStateshasstayedmoreorlesssteady,reachingapeakof57.5percentin2000.In1990,thefemaleemploymentratewas54.3percent,andin2023,theemploymentratewas55.4.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2023;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsEmploymentrateintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2023,byageU.S.employmentrate2000-2023,byage16-2425-2930-3435-4445-5455andover95%85%75%65%55%45%35%25%2000

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202213Description:In2022,theemploymentrateoftheworkforceof55yearsandolderincreasedto41.1percent.Employmentrateamongyoungadults(age16-24)wasat41.5percentin2022.FormonthlyupdatesonemploymentintheUnitedStatesvisittheannualnationalemploymentratehere.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2023;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsEmploymentrateintheUnitedStatesin2023,byraceandethnicityU.S.employmentratein2023,byraceandethnicityEmploymentrate0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%MexicanAmericanHispanic/LatinoAsian64%63.5%63.1%Cuban61.8%60.2%White/CaucasianU.S.Average60%Black/African-AmericanPuertoRican59.6%57.3%14Description:In2023,about63.1percentoftheAsiancommunitywasemployed.ThehighestemploymentratewasfoundamongMexican-Americans,at64percent,andthelowestemploymentratewasfoundamongPuertoRicans,at57.3percent.Intotal,around60percentofallworking-ageAmericanswereemployedatthistime.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2023;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsEmploymentrateofpersonswithadisabilityintheUnitedStatesfrom2009to2023U.S.employmentrateofpersonswithadisability2009-202323.5%22.5%21.5%20.5%19.5%18.5%17.5%16.5%'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'22'2315Description:IntheUnitedStates,theemploymentrateofpersonswithadisabilitywas22.5percentin2023.Thiswasanincreasefromthepreviousyear,when21.3percentofpersonswithadisabilitywereemployed.ThisincreaseinemploymentamongpersonswithdisabilitiesmaybeduetotherecoveryoftheCOVID-19pandemicthathasaffectedeveryone'semployment,ascanbeseenintheemploymentratesofadultsintheUnitedStates.ThepersonswithadisabilitysectionoftheCurrentPopulation[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2009to2023;16yearsandolder;full-timeandpart-timeemployeesSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsEmploymentrateofpersonswithadisabilityintheUnitedStatesin2023,byraceU.S.employmentrateofpersonswithadisabilityin2023,byrace30%24.3%25%20%15%10%5%22.8%20.9%17.2%0%HispanicorLatinoWhiteBlackorAfricanAmericanAsian16Description:In2023,theemploymentrateofpersonswithadisabilityinthelaborforcewhoidentifiedaswhitewas22.8percentintheUnitedStates.Incomparison,20.9percentofthelaborforcethatwasBlackandhadadisabilitywereemployedin2023.?ThedisabilitysectionoftheCurrentPopulationSurvey(CPS)isasetofsixquestionstoidentifypersonshavephysical,mental,oremotionalconditionsthatcauseseriousdifficultywiththeirdailyactivities.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022;16yearsandolder;full-timeandpart-timeemployeesSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsEmploymentdistributionofnativeandforeignbornpopulationintheUnitedStatesin2022,byoccupationU.S.employmentofnativeandforeignbornworkers2022,byoccupationShareofemploymentNativebornForeignborn15%0%5%10%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%25.1%ProfessionalandrelatedoccupationsManagement,business,andfinancialoperationsoccupationsOfficeandadminstrativesupportoccupationsSalesandrelatedoccupations21.8%44.7%35.7%10.9%6.8%9.5%6.8%7.2%TransporationandmaterialmovingoccupationsProductionoccupationsFoodpreparationandservingrelatedoccupationsConstructionandextractionoccupationsPersonalcareandserviceoccupations8.5%4.9%6.7%4.7%6.4%4.3%9.9%2.4%2.8%3.2%Installation,maintenance,andrepairoccupationsBuildingandgroundscleaningandmaintenanceoccupationsHealthcaresupportoccupations2.7%2.7%2.9%7.4%4.1%2.2%ProtectiveserviceoccupationsFarming,fishing,andforestryoccupations0.9%0.5%1.3%17Description:In2022,25.1percentofthenativebornworkforceintheUnitedStateswasemployedinprofessionalandrelatedoccupations,comparedto21.8percentoftheforeignbornworkforceemployedinthesameoccupation.Foreignbornworkersweremorelikelytobefoundinthetransportationandmaterialmovingoccupations,constructionandextractionoccupations,healthcaresupportoccupations,andbuildingandgroundscleaningandmaintenanceoccupations.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsCHAPTER

03TypesofemploymentTotalemployedpersonsintheUnitedStatesin2023,byindustry(in1,000s)U.S.employment2023,byindustryEmploymentinthousands10,000

15,00005,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00036,378EducationandhealthservicesProfessionalandbusinessservicesWholesaleandretailtradeManufacturing20,73519,78715,57014,288LeisureandhospitalityConstruction11,89611,0189,949FinancialactivitiesTransportationandutilitiesPublicadministration7,9847,605OtherservicesInformation2,9712,264AgricultureandrelatedMining,quarrying,andoilandgasextraction59019Description:In2023,theeducationandhealthservicesindustryemployedthelargestnumberofpeopleintheUnitedStates.Thatyear,about36,4millionpeoplewereemployedintheeducationandhealthservicesindustry.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2023;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsNumberoffull-timeemployedwomenintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2023(inmillions)U.S.numberoffull-timeemployedwomen1990-2023605550454035'90

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'2320Description:In2023,about58.56millionwomenwereemployedonafull-timebasisintheUnitedStates.Thisisasignificantincreasefromthepreviousyearwhentherewereonly57.77millionfull-timeemployedwomenintheU.S.ReadmoreNote(s):1990to2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsNumberoffull-timeemployedmenintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2023(inmillions)U.S.numberoffull-timeemployedmen1990-2023807570656055'90

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'2321Description:In2023,about74.5millionmenwereemployedonafull-timebasisintheUnitedStates.Thiswasanincreasefromthepreviousyearwhenthetotalnumberoffull-timeemployedmenintheU.S.cameto74.48million.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsNumberofpart-timeemployedwomenintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2023(inmillions)U.S.numberofpart-timeemployedwomen1990-202318.017.517.016.516.015.515.014.514.013.513.0'90

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'2322Description:Thisstatisticshowsthenumberofpart-timeemployedwomenintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2023.In2023,about16.98millionwomenwereemployedonapart-timebasiswhichwasanincreasefromthepreviousyear,whentherewere16.32millionwomenemployedpart-time.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2023;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsNumberofpart-timeemployedmenintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2023(inmillions)U.S.numberofpart-timeemployedmen1990-202310.510.09.59.08.58.07.57.06.56.0'90

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'2323Description:In2023,therewereapproximatelytenmillionmenemployedonapart-timebasisintheUnitedStates.Thiswasanincreasefromthepreviousyear,whentherewereover9.7millionpart-timeemployedmen.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2023;16yearsandolderSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsNumberofpeopleworkingindependentlyintheUnitedStatesfrom2017to2023,byfrequency(inmillions)U.S.numberofpeopleworkingindependently2017-2023,byfrequencyOccasionalindependentworkers*Part-timeindependentworkers**Full-timeindependentworkers***807060504030201002621.6179.511.115.811.115.316.211.813.68.810.210.836.631.923.91515.814.112.9201720182019202020212022202324Description:In2023,thenumberofindependentworkersintheUnitedStatesincreasedsignificantly,regardlessofthefrequencyofwork.In2023,therewereabout36.6millionoccasionalindependentworkersintheUnitedStates,anincreasefrom15.8millionin2020.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;July2023;6,575respondents;18yearsandolder;U.S.residents;*Occasionalindependentworkersaredefinedaspeoplewhoworkindependentlyatleastonceamonth.Part-timeindependentworkersaredefinedaspeople[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):MBOPartnersShareofadultswithcontingentworkintheUnitedStatesin2021,byethnicityShareofadultswithcontingentworkU.S.2021,byethnicity45%39%40%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%36%30%23%22%0%BlackHispanicandLatinoOtherWhiteAsianAmerican25Description:In2021,23percentofwhiterespondentsreportedhavingcontingentworkintheUnitedStates.Thisiscomparedto39percentofBlackrespondentswhoreportedthesame.Contingentworkersarethosewithtemporary,freelance,orcontractworkwhoarepaidaccordingtohoursworkedanddonothavethesamebenefitsasregularemployees.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;March9toApril8,2021;25,109respondents;18yearsandolderSource(s):McKinsey&CompanyCHAPTER

04WagesandemployercostsMinimumwageratesintheUnitedStatesin2024,bystate(inU.S.dollars)U.S.minimumwage2024,bystateMinimumwageinU.S.dollars024681012141618DistrictofColumbiaWashingtonCaliforniaConnecticutNewJersey******Maryland1716.281615.6915.1315NewYork*******MassachusettsColorado151514.4214.35ArizonaOregonMaineRhodeIsland14.214.151427Description:ThefederallymandatedminimumwageintheUnitedStatesis7.25U.S.dollarsperhour,althoughtheminimumwagevariesfromstatetostate.AsofJanuary1,2024,theDistrictofColumbiahadthehighestminimumwageintheU.S.,at17U.S.dollarsperhour.ThiswasfollowedbyWashington,whichhad16.28U.S.dollarsperhourasthestateminimumwage.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;January1,2024Source(s):USDepartmentofLaborAverageannualrealwagesintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022(in2022U.S.dollars)U.S.averageannualrealwages2000-202290,00080,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,00002000

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202228Description:In2022,theaverageannualrealwagesintheUnitedStatesamountedto77,463U.S.dollars.ThisshowstheaverageannualwagesintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022inconstant2022adjustedU.S.dollars.

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Releasedatereferstodateoflastaccess.

ReadmoreSource(s):OECDDifferencebetweentheinflationrateandgrowthofwagesintheUnitedStatesfromMarch2020toMarch2024U.S.inflationrateversuswagegrowth2020-2024WagesInflation10.0%9.0%8.0%7.0%6.0%5.0%4.0%3.0%2.0%1.0%0.0%29Description:TherateofinflationexceededthegrowthofwagesforthefirsttimeinrecentyearsinApril2021.InMarch2024,inflationamountedto3.5percent,whilewagesgrewby4.7percent.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;March2020toMarch2024Source(s):BureauofLaborStatistics;FederalReserveBankofAtlanta;USCensusBureauMedianweeklyearningsoffull-timewageandsalaryworkersintheUnitedStatesfrom1979to2022(incurrentU.S.dollars)U.S.medianearningsoffulltimewageandsalaryworkers1979-20221,1501,05095085075065055045035025015030Description:In1979,themedianusualweeklyearningsofafull-timeemployeeamountedto241currentU.S.dollars.In2022,thisnumberhadrisento1,059currentU.S.dollars.ThetermcurrentU.S.dollarsdescribesthevalueofthecurrencyinthatparticularyear.Wagesadjustedforinflationcanbefoundhere.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1979to2022;16yearsandoverSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsEstimatedannualmeanwagesforthelargestoccupationsintheUnitedStatesasofMay2023(inU.S.dollars)U.S.largestoccupations:annualmeanwages2023WageinU.S.dollars40,000

60,000020,00080,000100,000120,000140,000160,000ManagementOccupationsHealthcareDiagnosingorTreatingPractitionersComputerandMathematicalOccupationsHealthcarePractitionersandTechnicalOccupationsBusinessandFinancialOperationsOccupationsBusinessOperationsSpecialists137,750124,800113,140102,06090,58088,040EducationalInstructionandLibraryOccupationsConstructionandExtractionOccupationsInstallation,Maintenance,andRepairOccupationsSalesandRelatedOccupationsOfficeandAdministrativeSupportOccupationsProductionOccupationsTransportationandMaterialMovingOccupations66,40061,50058,50053,28047,94047,62046,69031Description:ThisgraphdisplaysthetwentylargestoccupationgroupsintheUnitedStatesasofMay2023,rankedbyannualmeanwage.Theannualmeanwageamongthe7.7millionretailsalesworkersintheU.S.stoodat34,520U.S.dollarsin2023.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;May2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsAveragehourlyemployercostsforemployeecompensationintheUnitedStatesasofDecember2023,byownership(inU.S.dollars)U.S.employercostsforemployeecompensation2023,byownership70605060.5645.4243.11403020100CivilianworkersPrivateindustryworkersStateandlocalgovernmentworkers32Description:AsofDecember2023itwascalculatedthatthehighestaveragetotalcompensationcosttoanemployerwasforstateandlocalgovernmentworkersat60.56U.S.dollarsperhour.Thisstandshigherthanthecostforcivilianworkers,whichstoodat45.42U.S.dollarsperhour.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;December2023;includescostsforwagesandsalariesandbenefitsSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsAverageemployercostsforprivateindustryworkercompensationintheUnitedStatesasofDecember2023,byindustrygroup(perhourworkedinU.S.dollars)U.S.employercostsforprivateindustryworkercompensation2023,byindustrygroup5044.754540353025201510542.780GoodsproducingServiceproviding33Description:AsofDecember2023,itwascalculatedthatthehighestaveragetotalcompensationcosttoanemployerforprivateindustryworkerswas44.75U.S.dollarsperhourworkedforthegoods-producingindustrygroup.Employercostsforcompensationforthoseworkingingoods-producingindustrieswashigherthanthanemployercostsforworkersinservice-providingindustries.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;December2023;includescostsforwagesandsalariesandbenefitsSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsAverageemployercostsforprivateindustryworkercompensationintheUnitedStatesasofDecember2023,byunionstatus(inU.S.dollars)U.S.employercostsforprivateindustryworkercompensation2023,byunionstatus605040302010056.841.86UnionNonunion34Description:AsofDecember2023,itwascalculatedthatamongallgoods-producing,andservice-providingprivateindustryworkers,employersspentmoreonaverageincompensationforthosethatareinaunion.Allprivateindustryworkerswithinaunioncostemployersanaverageof56.8U.S.dollarsperhour.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;December2023;includescostsforwagesandsalariesandbenefitsSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsCHAPTER

05OutlookProjectedchangeinemploymentintheUnitedStatesfrom2022to2032,bymajorindustry(in1,000)U.S.projectedemploymentgrowth2022-2032,byindustryChangeinemploymentinthousands-500

50001,0001,5002,0002,500HealthcareandsocialassistanceProfessionalandbusinessservicesTransportationandwarehousingLeisureandhospitality2,0921,420.2569.9350.6349.3FinancialactivitiesInformationEducationalservices201.5129.6Nonagricultureself-employedConstruction129.2114.9100.8OtherservicesStateandlocalgovernmentAgriculture,forestry,fishing,andhuntingwageandsalaryUtilities65.312.6-14.436Description:Bytheyear2032,itisprojectedthatthenumberofemployeesworkinginhealthcareandsocialassistancewillhaveincreasedbyabout2.09millionfromthenumberemployedin2022.Federalgovernmenthowever,isprojectedtodecreaseby43,900employeesby2032.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2023Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsProjectedemploymentchangefrom2022to2032intheUnitedStatesbymajoroccupationalgroups(in1,000)U.S.projectedemploymentchange2022-2023,bymajoroccupationalgroupsEmploymentchangeinthousands200

40006008001,0001,200HealthcaresupportComputerandmathematicalTransportationandmaterialmovingHealthcarepractitionersandtechnicalManagement1,100.6803.8779.4762.7683BusinessandfinancialoperationsPersonalcareandservice588.6249.3228.4Installation,maintenance,andrepairCommunityandsocialserviceFoodpreparationandservingrelatedEducationalinstructionandlibraryConstructionandextraction227.7225.6216.5185.1Architectureandengineering134.937Description:Thisstatisticshowstheprojectedemploymentchangefrom2022to2032intheUnitedStatesbymajoroccupationalgroups.Bytheyear2032,thenumberofemployeesworkinginofficeandadministrativesupportwillhavedecreasedbyaround1.2million.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsCivilianlaborforceparticipationrateandprojectionsintheUnitedStatesfrom2002to2032,byageU.S.laborforceparticipationrateandprojections2002-2032,byage2002201220222032*90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%16to1920to2425to3435to4445to5455to6465to7475andolder38Description:LaborforceparticipationintheU.S.isexpectedtodeclinethemostdrasticallyinthe16-to19-year-oldagegroup.Participationrateshaveandareprojectedtoholdsteadyfor25-to-54-yearolds.Thelaborforceparticipationrateisexpectedtoincreaseto29.9percentby2033forthoseaged65to74,astheretirementageintheU.S.increasesfrom66to67.Interestingly,participationforthose75andolderisexpectedtonearlydoublebetween2002and2032.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2002to2032;16yearsandolder;*ProjectionReadmoreSource(s):BureauofLaborStatisticsCivilianlaborforceparticipantspercentchangeandprojectionsintheUnitedStatesfrom2002to2032,byageU.S.laborforceparticipationpercentchangeandprojections2002-2032,byage2002-20122012-20222022-2032*100%80%60%40%20%0%-20%-40%16to1920to2425to3435to4445to5455to6465to7475andolder39Description:LaborforceparticipationintheU.S.isexpectedtodeclinethemostdrasticallyinthe16-to19-year-oldagegroupto5,237,000participantsby2032whichwouldindicatean16.5percentdeclinecomparedwiththepreviousreportingperiod.Participationisprojectedtoholdsteadyfor25-to-54-yearolds.Betweennowand2032,thelaborforceisexpectedtoseeitshighestincreasesinthose65andolder,andmostextremelyforthose75andolder.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2002to2032;16yearsandolder;*ProjectionReadmoreSource(s):BureauofLaborStatis