2019年中山大學241英語（+二外）考研真題與解析

2019年中山大學241英語(二外)考研真題

(總分：120.00,做題時間:180分鐘)

一、SectionIUseofEnglish(總題數(shù)：1,分數(shù)：10.00)

“Science“isaloftyterm.Thewordsuggestsaprocessofuncommonrationality,inspired

observation,andnear-saintlytolerance(1)failure.(2)oftenthannot,that

's(3)wegetfromscience.Theterm“science“also(4)peopleaiminghigh.Science

hastraditionallyacceptedthesmarteststudents,themost(5)andself-sacrificing

researchers,andthe(6)money-thatis,moneywiththefewestpolitical

strings(7).Inboththeoryandpractice,scienceinthiscenturyhasbeenperceived

(8)anobleendeavor.

Yetsciencehasalwaysbeenabitoutsidesociety'sinnercircle.TheculturalcenterofWestern

civilizationhas(9)aroundthearts,withscience(10)atasafedistance.When

wesay“culture,“wethinkofbooks,music,orpainting.Since1937theUnitedStateshasanointed

anationalpoetlaureatebut(11)ascientistlaureate.Popularopinionhas

(12)thatourerawillberememberedforgreatart,suchasjazz.Therefore,musicians

areesteemed.Novelistsarehip.Filmdirectorsarecool.Scientists,(13)arenerds.

How(14)_______?then,thatwhilesciencesatintheculturalbackseat,itssteadyoutputof

wonderfulproducts-radio,TV,andcomputerchips-furiouslybredapopculture(15)on

thearts.Themoresciencesucceededincreatinganintenselymediatedenvironment,the

(16)itrecededculturally.

Theonlyreasontodragupthisold(17)betweenthetwoculturesisthatrecentlysomething

(18)happened:Athirdcultureemerged.It'shardtopinpointexactlywhenithappened,

butit'sclearthatcomputershadalottodo(19)it.What'snotclearyetiswhat

thisnewculture(20)totheoriginaltwo.(分數(shù)：10.0)

(1).

(分數(shù)：0.5)

A.to

B.for

C.in

D.at

(2).

(分數(shù)：0.5)

A.Less

B.Much

C.Many

D.More

(3).

(分數(shù)：0.5)

A.which

B.who

C.what

D.where

(4).

(分數(shù)：0.5)

A.entails

B.contains

C.consumes

D.reverses

(5).

(分數(shù):0.5)

A.released

B.revolted

C.committed

D.displayed

(6).

(分數(shù):0.5)

A.clean

B.cleanest

C.cleaner

D.cleans

(7).

(分數(shù)：0.5)

A.attaching

B.attach

C.attaches

D.attached

(8).

(分數(shù)：0.5)

A.like

B.as

C.asif

D.alike

(9).

(分數(shù)：0.5)

A.permitted

B.ensured

C.pivoted

D.employed

(10).

(分數(shù):0.5)

A.orbiting

B.orbited

C.orbits

D.orbit

(11).

(分數(shù):0.5)

A.forever

B.always

C.never

D.frequently

(⑵.

（分數(shù)：0.5）

A.imitated

B.held

C.corresponded

I）,supervised

（13）.

（分數(shù)：0.5）

A.likewise

B.inconclusion

C.inparticular

D.ontheotherhand

（14）.

（分數(shù)：0.5）

A.fortunate

B.desirable

C.ironic

D.reputable

（15）.

（分數(shù)：0.5）

A.based

B.spoiled

C.imagined

D.measured

（16）.

（分數(shù)：0.5）

A.shorter

B.fewer

C.more

D.less

（17）.

（分數(shù)：0.5）

A.sufferings

B.rivalry

C.citizenship

D.privacy

（18）.

（分數(shù)：0.5）

A.giving

B.delivering

C.remaining

D.surprising

（19）.

（分數(shù)：0.5）

A.for

B.with

C.against

D.on

（20）.

（分數(shù):0.5）

A.means

B.vanishes

C.equals

D.doubts

二、SectionIIReadingComprehension（總題數(shù)：0,分數(shù)：0.00）

三、PartA（總題數(shù)：4,分數(shù)：40.00）

Text1

“Deepreading“一asopposedtotheoftensuperficialreadingwedoontheWeb-isanendangered

practice,oneweoughttotakestepstopreserveaswewouldahistoricbuildingorasignificant

workofart.Itsdisappearancewou1djeopardizetheintellectualandemotionaldevelopmentof

generationsgrowingupon1ine,aswel1asthepreservationofacriticalpartofourculture:

thenovels,poemsandotherkindsofliteraturethatcanbeappreciatedonlybyreaders

whosebrains,quiteliterally,havebeentrainedtoapprehendthem.

Recentresearchincognitivescienceandpsychologyhasdemonstratedthatdeepreading一s1ow,

immersive,richinsensorydetai1andemotionalandmoralcomplexity一isadistinctive

experience,differentinkindfromthemeredecodingofwords.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,

strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprimedpageare

uniquelyhelpfultothedeepreadingexperience.Abook'slackofhyperlinks,forexample,frees

thereaderfrommakingdecisions—ShouldIclickonthislinkornot?—allowinghertoremain

fullyimmersedinthenarrative.

Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichindetail,indirect

referenceandfiguresofspeech:bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrain

regionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituations

andmoraldilemmasthatarethestuffofliteraturearealsovigorousexerciseforthebrain,

propel1ingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandeven,studiessuggest,increasing

ourreal-lifecapacityforempathy.

Noneofthisislikelytohappenwhenwe'rebrowsingthroughawebsite.Althoughwecallthe

activitybythesamename,thedeepreadingofbooksandtheinformation-drivenreadingwedo

ontheWebareverydifferent,bothintheexperiencetheyproduceandinthecapacitiesthey

develop.Agrowlngbodyofevidencesuggeststhatonlinereadingmaybelessengagingandless

satisfying,evenforthe“digitalnatives“forwhomitissofamiliar.Lastmonth,forexample,

Britain'sNationalLiteracyTrustreleasedtheresultsofastudyof34,910youngpeopleaged

8to16.Researchersreportedthat39%ofchildrenandteensreaddailyusingelectronicdevices,

butonly28%readprintedmaterialseveryday.Thosewhoreadonlyonscreenwerethreetimes

lesslikelytosaytheyenjoyreadingverymuchandathirdless1ikelytohaveafavoritebook.

Thestudyalsofoundthatyoungpeoplewhoreaddailyonlyonscreenwerenear1ytwotimesless

likelytobeabove-averagereadersthanthosewhoreaddailyinprintorbothinprintandonscreen.

（分數(shù)：10）

（1）.Whatdoestheauthorsayabout"deepreading"?（分數(shù)：2）

A.Itservesasacomplementtoonlinereading.

B.Itismainlysuitableforreadingliterature.

C.Itshouldbepreservedbeforeitistoolate.

D.Itisanindispensablepartofeducation.

(2).Whydoestheauthoradvocatethereadingofliterature?(分數(shù)：2)

A.Itenablesreaderstoappreciatethecomplex!tyoflanguage.

B.Ithelpspromotereaders'intellectualandemotionalgrowth.

C.Itisquicklybecominganendangeredpractice.

D.Ithelpsreadersbuildupimmersivereadinghabits.

(3).Inwhatwaydoesprintedreadingdifferfromonlinereading?(分數(shù)：2)

A.Itensuresthereader'scognitivegrowth.

B.Ithelpsthereaderlearnrhetoricaldevices.

C.Itactivatesadifferentregionofthebrain.

D.Itenablesthereadertobefullyengaged.

(4).Whatdothestudiesshowaboutonlinereading?(分數(shù)：2)

A.Itgraduallyimpairsone'seyesight.

B.Itkeepsarousingreaders'curiosity.

C.Itrendersreadinglessenjoyable.

D.Itprovidesup-to-dateinformation.

(5).WhatdowelearnfromthestudyreleasedbyBritain'sNationalLiteracyTrust?(分數(shù)：2)

A.Onscreenreadersmaybelesscompetentreaders.

B.Thosewhodoreadinginprintarelessinformed.

C.Youngpeoplefindreadingonscreenmoreenjoyable.

D.Itisnoweasiertofindafavouritebookonlinetoread.

Text2

Ourriskofcancerrisesdramaticallyasweage.Soitmakessensethattheelderlyshouldbe

routinelyscreenedfornewtumors一ordoesn'tit?

Whilesuchvigilanttrackingofcancerisagoodthingingeneral,researchersareincreasingly

questioningwhetherallofthistestingisnecessaryfortheelderly.Withthepercentageof

peopleoverage65expectedtonearlydoubleby2050,ifsimportanttoweighthehealthbenefits

ofscreeningagainsttherisksandcostsofroutinetesting.

Inmanycases,screeningcanleadtoadditionalbiopsiesandsurgeriestoremovecancer,which

cancausesideeffects,whilethecancersthemselvesmaybeslow-growingandmaynotposeserious

healthproblemsinpatients'remainingyears.Butthemessagethateveryonemustscreenforcancer

hasbecomesoingrainedthatwhenhealthcareexpertsrecommendedthatwomenunder50andover

74stopscreeningforbreastcancer,itcausedariotousreactionamongdoctors,patientsand

advocacygroups.

It'shardtouprootdeeplyheldbeliefsaboutcancerscreeningwithscientificdata.Certainly,

therearepeopleoverage75whohavehadcancersdetectedbyroutinescreening,andgained

severalextrayearsoflifebecauseoftreatment.Andclearly,peopleoverage75whohaveother

riskfactorsforcancer,suchasafamilyhistoryorpriorpersonalexperiencewiththedisease,

shouldcontinuetogetscreenedregularly.Butfortheremainder,theriskofcancer,

whileincreasedattheendoflife,mustbebalancedwithotherfactorslikeremaininglife

expectancy.

Arecentstudysuggeststhatdoctorsstarttomakemoreobjectivedecisionsaboutwhowilltruly

benefitfromscreening—especiallyconsideringtheexplosionoftheelderlythatwillsoonswell

ourpopulation.

It'snotaneasycalculationtomake,butonethatmakessenseforthewholepatient.Dr.Otis

Brawleysaid,“Manydoctorsareorderingthesetestspurelytocoverthemselves.Weneedto

thinkabouttherationaluseofhealthcareandstoptalkingabouttherationingofhealthcare.w

Thatmeansmakingsomedifficultdecisionswithelderlypatients,andgoingagainstthemisguided

beliefthatwhenitcomestohealthcare,moreisalwaysbetter.(分數(shù)：10)

(1).Whydodoctorsrecommendroutinecancerscreeningforelderlypeople?(分數(shù)：2)

A.Itisbelievedtocontributetolonglife.

B.Itispartoftheirhealthcarepackage.

C.Theelderlyareingreaterdangeroftumorgrowth.

D.Theelderlyaremoresensitiveabouttheirhealth.

(2).Howdosomeresearchersnowlookatroutinecancerscreeningfortheelderly?(分數(shù)：2)

A.Itaddstoomuchtotheirmedicalbills.

B.Ithelpsincreasetheirlifeexpectancy.

C.Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.

D.Theyaredoubtfulaboutitsnecessity.

(3).Whatistheconventionalviewaboutwomenscreeningforbreastcancer?(分數(shù)：2)

A.Itisamustforadultwomen.

B.Itappliestowomenover50.

C.Itisoptionalforyoungwomen.

D.Itdoesn'tapplytowomenover74.

(4).Whydomanydoctorsprescriberoutinescreeningforcancer?(分數(shù):2)

A.Theywanttotakeadvantageofthemedicalcaresystem.

B.Theywanttoprotectthemselvesagainstmedicaldisputes.

C.Theywantdataformedicalresearch.

D.Theywanttheirpatientstosufferless.

(5).Whatdoestheauthorsayisthegeneralviewabouthealthcare?(分數(shù)：2)

A.Betterearlythanlate.

B.Preventionisbetterthancure.

C.Themore,thebetter.

D.Bettercare,longerlife.

Text3

Withmedicine,thebenefitofbiotechnologyhasbeenobvious.Peoplereadi1yacceptitwhenthey

seehowbetterdrugsandclearerdiagnosesimprovetheirlives.Whyisitdifferentwhenbiotech

isappliedtoagriculture?Theansweristhattheclearestgainsfromthecurrentcropof

geneticallymodified（GM）plantsgonottoconsumersbuttoproducers.Indeed,thatwaswhattheir

developersintended:anappealtofarmersofferedthesuppliersofGMtechnologythebesthope

ofaspeedyreturn.Forconsumers,especiallyintherichworld,thebenefitsofsuper-yielding

soybeansarelessc1ear,theworld,byandlargealreadyhastoomuchfoodinitsstores;

developingcountriesprincipallylackmoney,notfoodasmuch.Yetcompaniesstillpitchtheir

productsasacureformalnutritioneventhoughlittlethattheyaredoingcanjustifysucha

nobleclaim.Inboastingthetechnologyastheonlyanswertoeverythingfrompestcontrolto

worldhunger,theindustryhasfedthepopularviewthatitsproductsareunsafe,unnecessaryand

badfortheenvironment.

OfthetwomainchargesagainstGMcrops,byfartheweakeristhattheyareunsafetoeat.Critics

assertthatgeneticengineeringintroducesintofoodgenesthat,arenotpresentnaturally,cannot

beintroducedthroughconventionalbreedingandmayhaveunknownhealtheffectsthatshouldbe

investigatedbeforethefoodissoldtothepublic.GMcropssuchasthemaizeandsoybeansthat

nowblanketAmericacertain!ydifferfromtheirgardenvarietyneighbors.Butthereisabroad

scientificconsensusthatthepresentgenerationofGMfoodissafe.Evenso,thisdoeslittle

toreassureconsumers.Foodfrightssuchas“madcow”,diseaseandrevelationsofcancer-causing

dioxin（二嗯英）inBelgianfoodhavesorelyunderminedtheirconfidenceinscientific

pronouncementsandregulatoryauthoritiesalike.GMfoodhaslittlefutureinEuropeuntilthis

faithcanberestored.

ThesecondbigworryaboutGMfoodisthatitmayharmtheenvironment.Theproducersarguethat

theengineeredtraits-suchasresistancetocertainbrandsofherbicideortypesofinsects

andvirus—actuallydoecologicalgoodbyreducingchemicaluseandimprovingyieldssothat

lesslandneedstogoundertheplough.Opponentsretortthatanysuchbenefitsarefaroutweighed

bythedamagesuchcropsmightdo.Theyworrythatpesticide-resistantgenesmayspreadfrom

plantsthatshouldbesavedtoweedsthathavetobekilled.Theyfearalossofbiodiversity.

Theyworrythatthein-builtresistancetobugsthatsomeGMcropswillhavemaypoisoninsects

suchasMonarchbutterfly,andallowothernastierbugstodevelopanaturalresistanceand

thrive.

Manyofthefearsarebasedonresultsfrom1imitedexperiments,ofteninthelaboratory.The

onlywaytodiscoverwhethertheywillariseinreallife,orwhethertheywillbeanymore

damagingthansimilarrisksposedbyconventionalcropsandfarmingpractice,istodomore

researchinthefield.BanningtheexperimentalgrowthofGMplantsassomeprotesterswantsimply

deprivesscientistsoftheirmostfruitfullaboratory.（分數(shù)：10）

（1）.CompaniesintroduceGMfoodtothemarketasasolutiontoal1theseproblemsEXCEPT.

（分數(shù)：2）

A.worldhunger

B.malnutrition

C.environment

D.pestcontrol

(2).GMcropsarecropsthat.(分數(shù)：2)

A.consumersreadilyaccept

B.doesnothingtobenefitconsumers

C.arebasicallysafetoeat

D.developingcountriesurgentlyneed

(3).TheauthorsuggeststhatthepublicdoesnotacceptGMfoodbecause.(分數(shù)：2)

A.biotechalreadycausedproblemslikemadcowdisease

B.consumerconfidencecollapsedinrecentfoodscares

C.therearescientificpronouncementsagainstGMfood

D.GMfoodsarecheaptoproducebutdeartobuy

(4).CriticsofGMfoodarguethatthepesticide-resistantgene.(分數(shù)：2)

A.maypoisongoodinsectsandletbadinsectsthrive

B.maykilltheplantsinsteadoftheharmfulweeds

C.havebenefitsfaroutweighingthedamagetheymightdo

D.doecologicalgoodbyreducingtheuseofchemicals

(5).BypresentingthecaseofGMfood,theauthorofthepassageprobablyaimsto.

(分數(shù)：2)

A.exposeitsrisks

B.exhibititsadvantages

C.answervariouschargesagainstit

D.proposeanobjectiveattitudetoit

Text4

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceof

whatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.According

tothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformand

establishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativity

transcendsestablishedlimitsismisieadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmay

bevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescience

ariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoaland

endresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhich

diversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasa

bri11iantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansfor

formu1atingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:the

phenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnot

atractaboutthebehaviourofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower;norisPicasso

<spainting“Guernica“primarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarorthe

evilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralization

thattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticulars

producedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsof

anexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleof

organizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield;thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusic

ofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornota

compositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearinginits

aestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,such

astheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlisteners

ormusicologistswou1dincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart

'sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodest

innovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathe

toppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.Butaclosestudy

ofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasan

incomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthathe

inheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach-instrikinglyoriginal

ways.（分數(shù)：10）

（1）.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanother

tobethe.（分數(shù)：2）

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

（2）.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven'smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven.

（分數(shù)：2）

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventive

strategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninahighlyinnovativefashion

（3）.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare.（分數(shù)：2）

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymusicologists

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalueeventhoughtheyareimportantinthe

historyofmusic

C.amongthoseworksinwhichpopularhistoricalthemeswereportrayedinmusicalproduction

D.ofteninappropriatelycitedasexamplesofmusicalworksinwhichanewprincipleof

organizationwasintroduced

（4）.ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT.

（分數(shù)：2）

A.”Hasunusualcreativeactivitybeencharacterizedasrevolutionary?M

B."DidBeethovenworkwithinamusicaltraditionthatalsoincludedHandelandBach?”

C.”IsMozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroanexampleofacreativeworkthattranscendedlimits?”

D.”WhobesidesMonteverdiwrotemusicthattheauthorwouldconsidertoembodynewprinciples

oforganizationandtobeofhighaestheticvalue?w

(5).Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith

.(分數(shù)：2)

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

四、PartB(總題數(shù)：1,分數(shù)：10.00)

Americanstodaydon*tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,

andentrepreneurs,notscholars.(41)Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminour

schoolsaren'tdifficulttofind.

uSchoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,“

sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch."Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance."Ravitch'slatest

book,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualism

inourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistastefor

intellectualpursuits.

ButtheycouIdandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthe1ifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerable

toexploitationandcontrol.(42)Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,

“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.M

MIntellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,“writeshistorianandprofessorRichard

HofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontheroots

ofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.(43)Practicality,common

sense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucould

learnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbook

learningputunnaturalrestraintsonchiIdren:"Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitation

roomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowa

thing.wMarkTwain'sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.(44)

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywe

reluctantlyadmire.(45)Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,

whileintel1ectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

A.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshave

drivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.

B.Onewritersaysthatourcountry'seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewhojoyfully

andmilitantlyproclaimtheirfriendlyattitudetointellectandtheireagernesstoidentify

withchi1drenwhoshowthemostintellectualpromise.

C.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation-nottopursue

knowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.

D.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.

E.Schoolshavenotbecomeplaceswhereintellectismistrusted.

F.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandtounderstandtheideas

ofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.

G.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized-goingtoschoolandlearningtoread-sohecanpreserve

hisinnategoodness.（分數(shù)：10）

（1）.

（分數(shù):2）

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

（2）.

（分數(shù)：2）

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

（3）.

（分數(shù)：2）

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

（4）.

（分數(shù):2）

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

（5）.

（分數(shù):2）

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

五、PartC(總題數(shù)：1,分數(shù)：10.00)

Atfirstglancethepatriarchyappearstobethriving.Morethan90%ofpresidentsandprime

ministersaremale,asarenearlyallbigcorporatebosses.Mendominatefinance,technology,

films,sports,musicandevenstand-upcomedy.Inmuchofthewor1dtheysti11enjoysocialand

legalprivilegessimplybecausetheyhaveaYchromosome.Soitmightseemoddtoworryabout

theplightofmen.

Yetthereisplentyofcauseforconcern.Onegroupinparticularissuffering.Poorlyeducated

meninrichcountrieshavehaddifficultycopingwiththeenormouschangesinthelabourmarket

andthehomeoverthepasthalf-century.(46)Astechnologyandtradehavedevaluedbrawn,

less-educatedmenhavestruggledtofindaroleintheworkplace.Women,ontheotherhand,are

surgingintoexpandingsectorssuchashealthcareandeducation,helpedbytheirsuperior

skills.Aseducationhasbecomemoreimportant,boyshavealsofallenbehindgirlsinschool.

Thoseonthepoliticallefttendtofocusoneconomics.Shrinkingjobopportunitiesformen,they

say,areentrenchingpovertyanddestroyingfamilies.(47)InAmericapayformenwithonly

ahigh-schoolcertificatefellby213inrealtermsbetween1979and2013:forwomenwithsimilar

qualificationsitroseby3%.Aroundafifthofworking-ageAmericanmenwithonlyahigh-school

diplomahavenojob.

Thoseontherightworryaboutthecollapseofthefamily.Thevastmajorityofwomenwouldprefer

tohaveapartnerwhodoeshisbitbothfinanciallyanddomestically.(48)Buttheywouldrather

dowithoutonethanteamupwithalayabout,whichmaybeallthatisonoffer:Americanmen

wilhouljobsspendonlyhalfasmuchlimeonhouseworkandcaringforothersasdowomeninIhe

samesilualion,andmuchmorelimewalchinglelevision.

Thesetwosidesoftentalkpasteachother.Buttheirexplanationsarenotcontradictory:both

economicsandsocialchangearetoblame,andthetwocausesreinforceeachother.Moreover,

theseproblemsarelikelytogetworse.(49)Technologywilldisruptmoreindustries,creating

benefitsforsocietybulrenderingworkerswhofailtoupdateIheirskillsredundanl.TheOECD,

athink-tank,predictsthattheabsolutenumberofsingle-parenthouseholdswi11continuetorise

innearlyallrichcountries.Boyswhogrowupwithoutfathersaremore1ikelytohavetrouble

forminglastingrelationships,creatingacycleofmaledysfunction.

Whatcanbedone?Partofthesolutionliesinachangeincul