新人教選修六-Unit-5-The-power-of-nature-grammar課件

Unit5ThepowerofnatureGrammar現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.IwalkedonthestreetIsawthattwoforeignerswerereadingamap3.Itseemedthattheywerelost.1+2.Walkingonthestreet,Isawthattwoforeignerswerereadingamap一.功能現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)往往和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，常常用來(lái)表示原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨狀況等。1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.2.作原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，同時(shí)也可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。NotknowingEnglish,hecouldn’tunderstandthefilm.3.作伴隨/方式狀語(yǔ)，表示一個(gè)次要的動(dòng)作。Hesattherereadingabook.Laughingandtalking,thestudentswenttoschool.Hecamerunning.(方式）

4.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示必然的結(jié)果，通常放在主句后面中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，有時(shí)為了突出結(jié)果，分詞前加thus。Herhusbanddied,leavingherfourchildren.5.作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句Havingtriedmanytimes,hestillcouldn’tsucceed.盡管嘗試了多次，但他仍未成功。Workingveryhard,hedidn’tfeelabittired.盡管拼命地工作，他卻絲毫不感到疲勞。6.作條件狀語(yǔ)，表示一種假設(shè)情況，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)7.作評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)（懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)）作為句子的獨(dú)立成分來(lái)修飾全句，表明說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度，觀點(diǎn)等。generallyspeaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)franklyspeaking坦率地說(shuō)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone二、現(xiàn)在分詞的各種形式動(dòng)詞,主+動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ))同時(shí)主動(dòng)doing動(dòng)詞,主+動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ))同時(shí)被動(dòng)done分詞前可以加when,after,because,asif,unless,although等表時(shí)間,原因,條件,讓步.分詞可以拓展成狀語(yǔ)從句.在其前加not成為否定結(jié)構(gòu)分詞動(dòng)詞,主+動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ))先后主動(dòng)havingdone動(dòng)詞,主+動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ))先后被動(dòng)havingbeendone分詞前可以加上when,after,because,if,unless,although等表時(shí)間,原因,條件,讓步.分詞可以拓展成狀語(yǔ)從句WhenhegiveshisacceptancespeechatGrantParkinChicago,Nov.4,2008,Obama

smiles.GivinghisacceptancespeechatGrantParkinChicago,Nov.4,2008,Obama

smiles分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果不一致,必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示,也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.分析:前一例中,-ing形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)。后一例中havinggone的邏輯主語(yǔ)是thetrain。

三、使用-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)需注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題判斷正誤Openingthewindow,abutterflyflewintomystudy.Openingthewindow,Isawabutterflyflyingintomystudy.Standingontopofthetower,thewholecitycomesintoourview.Standingontopofthetower,wecangetaviewofthewholecity.[正][誤][誤][正]一般來(lái)說(shuō),-ing形式表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成。試比較:

The

enemy

fled

in

a

panic,

leaving

behind

a

lot

of

dead

bodies

and

weapons.

Defeated

and

frightened,

the

enemy

fled

in

a

panic.2.現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別

分析:前一例中的-ing形式短語(yǔ)在句子中作伴隨狀語(yǔ),它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the

enemy之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系;后一句中的過(guò)去分詞defeated和frightened表原因,它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the

enemy之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。3.分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),前面可以加上連詞或介詞,但是分詞短語(yǔ)和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but,and),因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分,而分詞短語(yǔ)只是全句的一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)部分,分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。Eg.正：Whenseeingfromthetopofthehill,youcanenjoythewholebeautyofthiscity.誤:

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.4.-ing分詞的一般式和完成式一般情況下，-ing分詞的一般式的動(dòng)作表示和后面句子的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；完成式的動(dòng)作是先于后面句子的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。如：

Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.

Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard,hefailedtheexaminations.

注意：在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，很多時(shí)候-ing的一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但如果-ing的動(dòng)作和主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間存在明顯的時(shí)間上的先后關(guān)系，而且句意強(qiáng)調(diào)完成，為避免引起誤解，必須用完成式表示先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:Havingbrushedhisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.布朗先生刷過(guò)牙,就下樓來(lái)吃早飯。

(此句如寫(xiě)成:Brushinghisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.意為邊刷牙,邊下樓)

Notfearingthefire,thechildtouchedandgotafingerburnt.

Notknowinghowtofindthesubway,Iaskedapolicemanforhelp.5.分詞的否定形式是在其前面加上not.如:每空填一詞,使該句與所給句子的意思相同。1.Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.

__________,hedidn’tgotoschool.2.Whenshewaswalkingalongthestreet

oneday,shemetanoldfriendofhers.______________thestreetoneday,

shemetanoldfriendofhers.3.Whenautumncomes,swallowsgotothesouth.________________,swallowsgotothesouth.

BeingillWalkingalongAutumncoming4.Ifitissunny,we’llgoforapicnictomorrow._____________,we’llgoforapicnictomorrow.5.Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,thelittlegirlbegantowatchTV.______________herhomework,thelittlegirlbegantowatchTV.6.Becausetheyhadbeenwarnedbytheteacher,theydidn’tmakesuchmistakes.____________________bytheteacher,theydidn’tmakesuchmistakes.ItbeingsunnyHaving

finishedHaving

been

warned7.Asitwasaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.__________________,alltheshopswereshut.8.IfIhadbeengivenalongertime,Icouldhavedoneitbetterthanplanned.___________________alongertime,Icouldhavedoneitbetterthanplanned.9.AfterIgothome,Ifoundmybooksmissing.__________________,Ifoundmybooksmissing.Havinggothome

HavingbeengivenItbeingaholiday三.單項(xiàng)選擇Theysetout____forthe____boy.searching;losingB.searching;lostC.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing(2)Thestudentsatthere,____whattodo.doesn’tknowingB.didn’tknowingC.notknowD.notknowingBD(3)Hesatthere_____,withhisheadonhishand.andthinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD.beingthought(4)The____PrimeMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.visiting;addB.visited;addingC.visiting;addingD.visited;addedBCSitdown,Emma.youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,_____onyourfeet.

A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept2.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeBA四高考鏈接3.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointD.andangrilypointing4.Thestormleft,____alotofdamagetothisarea.(NEMT2005)A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedAD5.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived6.______histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.HavingnotknownCA7.Inwintersteamcanbeseen______fromwetclothes______nearafire.A.rising,hangingB.rising,tohangC.rise,hangingD.torise,tohang8.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon9.YesterdayProfessorLireceivedaletterfromneofhisfriends,________himtowriteanarticle,andheaccepted.A.havinginvitedB.invitedC.tobeinvitedD.inviting

AAD10.Findinghercarstolen,_________.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp11.________,theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.A.SincethekeyhaslostB.ThekeybeenlostC.LostthekeyD.HavinglostthekeyDD12.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepare B.preparingC.prepared D.waspreparing13.Europeanfootbal