人教版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義必修四Unit1WomenofAchievement

第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)必修四Unit1WomenofAchievement1.學(xué)習(xí)為人類做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)、取得巨大成就的女性；2.了解這些女性的成就以及她們因此而付出的巨大努力。Whenyourefertohumanbeing'sachievements,whatkindofwomeninthecrowdsaremorelikelytogetsuccess?SongChinglingdevotedherselftoChinesewelfareproject.LinQiaozhiisaspecialistinwomen'sdiseasesevenifshewasn'taprofessorinaninstitute.ShehelpedreducedeathrateofbabiesinChina.Shedeliveredsomanybabiesandwroteabookintendedforwomentodealwithemergenciesinthecountryside.JaneGoodallfoundtheconnectionandbondbetweenhumanbeingandchimpsandstartedacampaigntoprotectthewildlife.Sheobservedthechimps'nestsformanyyears.Theyallsetuporganizationstocallonpeopletobehavewithloveandtheireffortsareworthwhile.Theycaredlittlefortheirentertainment.Theyledaninspiringlifeandneverlookeddownuponthepoor.Theyrespectedeverythingincludinganimals.Theywereoutspokenandconsiderateandmodest.Theyarguedforequalrightsandsupportsfreedom.Weallshouldcarryontheircareerandbuildabetterworld.Wewon'teacrosssuccessbychance.Weshouldtryourbesttorealizeourgoals.Onlyinthiswaycanwedosomethingforourfuturegeneration.1.campaignn.運(yùn)動(dòng)；戰(zhàn)役vi.作戰(zhàn)；參加運(yùn)動(dòng)2.behavevt.&vi.舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)3.worthwhileadj.值得的；值得做的4.bondn.聯(lián)系；關(guān)系；結(jié)合；紐帶5.observevt.觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守6.respectvt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意7.arguevt.&vi.討論；辯論；爭(zhēng)論8.supportn.&vt.支持；擁護(hù)9.lookdownupon/on蔑視；瞧不起10.referto查閱；參考；談到11.intendvt.計(jì)劃；打算只有以這種方式我們才能為自己的后代留下點(diǎn)什么。Onlyinthiswaycanwedosomethingforourfuturegeneration.★welfaren.福利；福利事業(yè)★projectn.項(xiàng)目；工程；規(guī)劃★instituten.學(xué)會(huì)；學(xué)院；協(xié)會(huì)★humanbeing人類★shaden.蔭；陰涼處vt.遮住光線★moveoff離開(kāi)；起程；出發(fā)★nestn.巢；窩★childhoodn.童年；幼年時(shí)代★outspokenadj.直言不諱的；坦誠(chéng)的★leada．..life過(guò)著……的生活★crowdn.人群；觀眾vt.擠滿；使擁擠★inspirevt.鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示★audiencen.觀眾；聽(tīng)眾；讀者★bychance碰巧；湊巧★eacross(偶然)遇見(jiàn)；碰見(jiàn)★careern.事業(yè)；生涯★raten.比率；速度★emergencyn.突發(fā)事件；緊急情況★generationn.一代；一輩★kindnessn.仁慈；好意★considerateadj.考慮周到的★delivervt.遞送；生(小孩兒)；接生；發(fā)表(演說(shuō))★carryon繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持★modestadj.謙虛的；謙讓的；適度的★achievementn.成就；功績(jī)★specialistn.專家；專業(yè)工作者★connectionn.連接；關(guān)系★organizationn.組織；機(jī)構(gòu)；團(tuán)體★behaviour(＝behavior)行為；舉止；習(xí)性★observationn.觀察；觀測(cè)★entertainmentn.款待；娛樂(lè)；娛樂(lè)表演★sicknessn.疾??；惡心★considerationn.考慮；體諒一、重點(diǎn)單詞需牢記1.achievementn．[C]成就；功績(jī)[U]實(shí)現(xiàn)；完成；達(dá)到HereceivedtheNobelPrizeforhisscientificachievements.他因科學(xué)上取得的成就而獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。FlyingacrosstheAtlanticforthefirsttimewasagreatachievement.首次飛越大西洋是一個(gè)偉大的功績(jī)。Reachingthisagreementsoquicklywasagreatachievementforthemeeting.如此快地達(dá)成了協(xié)議對(duì)這個(gè)會(huì)議來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的成就。achievev.取得，實(shí)現(xiàn)achieveanaim/agoal達(dá)到目標(biāo)achievesuccess獲得成功2.behavevt.&vi.舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)；(機(jī)器等)工作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)(常與well/badly等副詞連用)Hebehavedwithgreatcourageinthebattle.他在這次戰(zhàn)斗中表現(xiàn)得非常勇敢。behaveoneself使某人自己舉止規(guī)矩Behaveyourself;don'tmakeafoolofyourself.注意你的舉止，別鬧出笑話來(lái)。behaviour(＝behavior)行為；舉止；習(xí)性behaviourtowards/to...對(duì)……的態(tài)度/行為3.worthwhileadj.值得的；值得做的Buyingthecaratthispriceisnotworthwhile.以這樣的價(jià)格買這輛車不值得。Isitworthwhilemaking/tomakesuchaneffort?做這樣的努力值得嗎？worth/worthy/worthwhile★worth只能作表語(yǔ)，其后接錢數(shù)、名詞或及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式：beworthdoing。★worthy可作表語(yǔ)，后接of＋名詞/動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式/不定式的被動(dòng)形式：beworthyof＋n．/beingdone/tobedone;也可作定語(yǔ)，表示“值得……的；有價(jià)值的”?！飛orthwhile可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，如aworthwhilejob一份值得做的工作。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：itisworthwhiletodo/doing做某事是值得的。Itisworthwhiletoseethefilm/seeingthefilm.這部電影值得一看。Thecityisworthavisit/visiting.這個(gè)城市值得參觀。Hisdeedisworthytobepraised/ofbeingpraised.他的行為值得稱贊。4.observevt.觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守TheboyobservedwhatwasgoingonbetweenTomandhislittlesister.男孩觀察湯姆和他妹妹之間會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。WeChinesealsoobserveChristmasnowadays.我們中國(guó)人現(xiàn)在也過(guò)圣誕節(jié)。Weshouldstrictlyobservethediscipline.我們要嚴(yán)格遵守紀(jì)律。observesb.dosth.觀察某人做某事(已做完)observesb.doingsth.觀察某人正在做某事underobservation被監(jiān)視Iobservedthementer/enteringtheshop.我看到他們進(jìn)了/正走進(jìn)商店。observern.觀察者observationn.觀察5.respectvt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意pay/giveone'srespecttosb.向某人致敬/問(wèn)候have/showrespectforsb.尊敬某人respecting＝withrespectto關(guān)于；就……而言inallrespects＝ineveryrespect在各方面Weallshouldrespectourparentsandteachers.我們都應(yīng)該尊敬我們的父母和老師。Mr.Smithalwaysshowsrespecttohischildren'sopinions.史密斯先生總是很尊重孩子們的意見(jiàn)。Inrespecttothecontent,thearticleisverygood,butitisnotsatisfactoryinotheraspects.就內(nèi)容而言，這篇文章很好，但在其他方面還不能令人滿意。respectableadj.值得尊敬的；正派的；高尚的respectivelyadv.各自地；分別地6.arguevt.&vi.討論；辯論；爭(zhēng)論arguewithsb.about/oversth.就某事和某人爭(zhēng)辯arguesb.into/outofdoing＝persuadesb.to/nottodo＝persuadesb.into/outofdoing說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事arguefor(sb./sth.)為(某人/某事)辯護(hù)argueagainst(sb./sth.)反對(duì)(某人/某事)Shearguedhimintotheadoptionoftheplan.她說(shuō)服他采納這個(gè)計(jì)劃。argumentn.爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)吵settleanargument解決爭(zhēng)端beyondargument無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯Itisbeyondargumentthatheisaforeigner.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)他是一個(gè)外國(guó)人。7.inspirevt.鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示inspiresb.tosth.鼓勵(lì)某人某事inspiresb.todosth.＝encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事inspiresth.insb.＝inspiresb.withsth.使某人產(chǎn)生……；鼓勵(lì)某人……Thebeautifulsceneryinspiredtheposer.美麗的景色使作曲家文思泉涌。inspirationn.靈感；啟發(fā)；鼓舞人的事或人inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的；有靈感的inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的；激勵(lì)的8.intendvt.計(jì)劃；打算intendtodo/doing打算……intendsb.todosth.打算讓某人做某事beintendedfor專供……使用；專為……而設(shè)計(jì)Iintenddoing/todothework.我打算做這項(xiàng)工作。Shehadintendedtocatchtheearlytrain,butshedidn'tgetupontime.她本來(lái)打算趕上早班火車，但她沒(méi)有按時(shí)起床。Thispresentisintendedforyou.這件禮物是給你的。Today,Iintendtofinishreadingthisnovel.今天我打算讀完這本小說(shuō)。9.delivervt.遞送；生(小孩兒)；接生；發(fā)表(演說(shuō)等)deliverababy接生小孩；生小孩deliversth.to...把某物送到…… Thebabywasdeliveredinaclinic.孩子是在一個(gè)醫(yī)療站接生的。radeYangdeliveredtheopeningspeech.楊同志致了開(kāi)幕詞。deliveryn.送貨；交付expressdelivery快遞二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)需精通1.live/leada．..life過(guò)著……的生活Theyliveapeacefullife.他們過(guò)著平靜的生活?！皏.＋同源賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)smilea．..smile露出……微笑dreama．..dream做了個(gè)……的夢(mèng) sleepa．..sleep睡個(gè)……覺(jué) singa．..song唱……的歌diea．..death……地死去laugha．..laugh發(fā)出……方式的笑聲2.lookdownupon/on蔑視；瞧不起Ihopeyoudon'tlookdownupon/onthiskindofwork.我希望你不要看不起這種工作。lookat看 lookabout/around環(huán)顧四周；警戒lookafter照料；照看 lookforwardto盼望；期待lookfor尋找 lookinto調(diào)查；注視……的內(nèi)部lookon旁觀；觀望 lookout向外看；當(dāng)心；警戒looklike看起來(lái)像 lookover檢查；檢閱lookthrough瀏覽；檢查lookup(在詞典、參考書中)查找lookupto尊敬lookdownat低頭看……3.referto談到；查閱；參考；查詢；提及；指……而言Thenewlawdoesnotrefertolandusedforfarming.那條新法律并不涉及耕種用地。Ifyoudon'tknowwhatitmeans,refertothedictionary.如果你不知道它的意思，可以查字典。Whichpanieswasshereferringtowhenshespokeofpetingfirms?她提到的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)公司指的是哪幾家？WhilegivingtheEnglishspeech，nooneisallowedtorefertothenotes.英語(yǔ)演講時(shí)，不允許任何人看稿子。refertosb./sth.as把某人/物稱作refersth.to把某事提交refersb.to讓某人向……求助；把某人推薦給……4.eacross(偶然)遇見(jiàn)；碰見(jiàn)＝runacross＝meetbychance(偶然)遇見(jiàn)；碰見(jiàn)IcameacrossanoldschoolfriendinOxfordStreetthismorning.今天早上我在牛津大街碰見(jiàn)一位老校友。Shecameacrosssomeoldphotographsinadrawer.她在抽屜里偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一些舊照片。eabout＝happen發(fā)生efrom來(lái)自eout出現(xiàn)；開(kāi)花；出版或發(fā)表；透露；顯出 eup升起；發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)eupwithsth.找到或提出(答案﹑辦法等)5.carryon繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持Carryon(working/withyourwork)whileI'maway.我不在的時(shí)候，要繼續(xù)你的工作。Theydecidedtocarryoninspiteoftheweather.it__through__．③Don'tblameme.I'monly__carrying__out__myorders.他們決定不管天氣好壞都堅(jiān)持。carryon(doingsth./withsth.)繼續(xù)(做)某事carryout貫徹，執(zhí)行carryoutaplan/orders/instructions執(zhí)行計(jì)劃/命令/指示carrysth.through成功地完成某事carryabout隨身攜帶三、重點(diǎn)句式能熟用1.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.她母親頭幾個(gè)月來(lái)幫過(guò)她的忙，這才使她得以開(kāi)始自己的計(jì)劃。這是一個(gè)倒裝句。以“only＋狀語(yǔ)(通常是副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句)”開(kāi)頭的句子要用部分倒裝，即將助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。Onlyaftermyfriendcamewastheputerrepaired.我的朋友來(lái)后電腦才修好。OnlywhenyoupointeditoutformedidIrealizethatIwaswrong.只有當(dāng)你幫我指出來(lái)了我才意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)了。以“only＋主語(yǔ)”開(kāi)頭的句子不用倒裝，如：Onlywecanhelpourselves.只有我們能幫自己。2.Ididnotrealizethatmyhomeworkwastochangemylife.我沒(méi)有意識(shí)到我的作業(yè)竟會(huì)改變我的生活。that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，wastochange屬于“be＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，此處表示“不可避免的、將要發(fā)生的、命中注定的事”。Weweresurethenthathewastobeeaveryimportantperson.我們當(dāng)時(shí)確信他會(huì)成為一位重要人物。(1)“be＋動(dòng)詞不定式”通常用來(lái)表示“計(jì)劃、打算(＝begoingto)”。ThelineistobeopenedtotrafficonNationalDay.這條鐵路將在國(guó)慶節(jié)通車。(2)“be＋動(dòng)詞不定式”還可表示命令，意為“必須；不得不”。YouaretodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.你得做完作業(yè)才能看電視。 四、話題寫作多積累訓(xùn)練十六：寫道歉信道歉信是指因過(guò)失或疏忽做錯(cuò)了事，給別人帶來(lái)了麻煩或損失，發(fā)覺(jué)后要立即給對(duì)方賠禮道歉時(shí)寫的信件。道歉是一種禮貌，要寫得坦率、誠(chéng)懇。好的道歉信不僅會(huì)取得對(duì)方的諒解，還會(huì)增進(jìn)彼此的感情。道歉信通常包括三部分內(nèi)容：第一段：開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山向收信者表示歉意，并道明道歉的原因。要讓對(duì)方感受到你的誠(chéng)意。第二段：展開(kāi)敘述關(guān)于出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò)的原因，將責(zé)任歸咎于自己。第三段：真誠(chéng)地請(qǐng)求對(duì)方的原諒。語(yǔ)言要誠(chéng)摯，解釋的理由要真實(shí)。違反生活常識(shí)將導(dǎo)致扣分；盡量提供一個(gè)合適的補(bǔ)救辦法，使行文更加順暢。Iamwritingtoapologizefor.../Iamwritingtosaysorryfor...Iwouldliketogiveyoumyapologyfor...Pleaseacceptmysincereapologyfor...IamindeedverysorryforwhatIsaid/did,butbelieveIhadnointentionto...Pleaseforgivemeforastupidchoiceofwords.Ifeelawfullysorryaboutitandwantyoutoknowwhathappened.Pleaseacceptmyapologiesformyoversight.Pleaseallowmetosaysorryagain.Isincerelyhopeyoucanunderstandmysituation/thinkinmypositionandacceptmyapologies.Onceagain,I'msorryforanyinconveniencecaused/youhavesustained.Dear________，Iamtrulysorrythat________________(道歉的原因)．Thereasonisthat________________(介紹原因).________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Onceagain,Iamsorryforanyinconveniencecaused.Hopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandmysituation.Yourssincerely,LiMing 【例1】完成句子①?zèng)]有人民的支持，我們將一事無(wú)成。Withoutthesupportofthepeoplewecan__achieve__nothing__．②我只完成了我所希望完成的工作的一半。Ihaveachievedonlyhalfof__what__Ihopetodo.③祝賀你獲得這樣完美的勝利。Congratulationstoyou__on__achieving__suchapletevictory.【例2】完成句子①父母讓孩子們?cè)诳腿嗣媲芭e止禮貌。Theparentsaskedthechildrento__behave__well__infrontoftheguests.②她對(duì)這個(gè)孩子的良好行為感到高興。Sheispleasedwiththechild'sgood__behaviour__.behaviour亦作behavior，是英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)在拼法上的區(qū)別。類似的詞還有favo(u)r(贊成；贊許)，flavo(u)r(滋味；味道)，vapo(u)r(蒸汽；霧)，neighbo(u)r(鄰居)等?！纠?】用worth/worthy/worthwhile填空①It'swell__worth__makingtheefforttolearnhowtodrive.②Wehadalongwait，butitwas__worthwhile__becausewegotthetickets.③Theirachievementsare__worthy__ofthehighestpraise.④Heis__worthy__tohaveaplaceintheteam.⑤Thisvasewas__worth__fivehundredfrancsatthemost.⑥Everybodyhasroots.Itis__worthwhile__tosearchforhisroots.⑦Theireffortsare__worthy__ofyoursupport.⑧Thisbookiswell__worth__readinganditisof__worthy__beingreadasecondtime.【例4】完成句子①我從未看過(guò)他做早操。Ihaveneverobservedhim__do__morningexercises.②我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則。Wemust__observe__theruleofroad.③警察注意到一個(gè)人走進(jìn)了銀行。Thepoliceobservedaman__enter__thebank.④他們被注意著進(jìn)了銀行。Theywereobserved__to__enter__thebank/enteringthebank.observe＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(不帶to的不定式/動(dòng)詞的－ing形式)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要用帶to的不定式?！纠?】完成句子①請(qǐng)代我向你的父母致意。Please__give__my__respect__to__yourparents.②我們的班主任是位可敬的人，我們都很尊敬她。Ourheadteacherisa__respectable__person,weall__show/have__respect__for__her.③成人和兒童的單程車費(fèi)分別為18美元和5美元。One－wayfaresforadultsandchildrenwere$18and$5__respectively__.【例6】使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空①我們總是就金錢的問(wèn)題而爭(zhēng)論。Wearealwaysarguing__with__eachother__about/over__money.②他們說(shuō)服我買了輛新的自行車。Theyarguedme__into__buyinganewbike.③他反對(duì)吸煙，而且堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為吸煙有害健康是無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的事實(shí)。Heargued__against__smoking,andinsistedthatitwas__beyond__argumentthatsmokingwasharmfultohealth.④他們正就外交政策與官員們進(jìn)行辯論。Theyarearguing__with__theofficialsoverforeignpolicies.【例7】完成句子①老師的話使他產(chǎn)生了希望。Theteacher'swords__inspired__him__with__hope__．＝Theteacher'swords__inspired__hope__in__him__．②學(xué)生們都被這首振奮人心的歌曲所鼓舞。Thestudentswereall__inspired__bythe__inspiring__song.③這位父親鼓勵(lì)兒子要自信。Thefatherinspiredhisson__with__confidence.＝Thefatherinspiredconfidence__in__hisson.【例8】完成句子①我本打算參加你的生日晚會(huì)的，但我很忙。I__had__intended__to__attendyourbirthday,butIwasbusy.②這種自行車是專為身材矮小的人設(shè)計(jì)的。Thiskindofbicycle__is__intended__for__peoplewhoaretooshort.③我打算讓你接管我的事業(yè)。Iintend__you__to__take__over__mycareer.【例9】用deliver相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式完成句子①一些新書已經(jīng)送到學(xué)校了。Somenewbookshave__been__delivered__to__theschool.②演員用他溫柔的聲音演講。Theactor__delivered/gave__hisspeech__in__asoftvoice.【例1】完成句子①Wearelivinghappily.＝Weare__living__a__happy__life__．②__What__a__hard__life__(多么艱辛的生活)theylived!③I__dreamed/had__a__beautiful__dream__(做了個(gè)美夢(mèng))lastnight.【例2】用look的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)完成句子①我們不應(yīng)該瞧不起殘疾人，相反我們應(yīng)該幫助他們。Weshouldn't__look__down__upon__thedisabled,onthecontrary,weshouldhelpthem.②我盼望著下周去藝術(shù)館參觀。I__am__looking__forward__to__visitingtheartgallerynextweek.③我翻閱了今天的報(bào)紙，但沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)重要消息。I__looked__through__today'snewspaperbutIfoundnothingimportant.④過(guò)馬路時(shí)當(dāng)心車輛。__Look__out__for__carswhilecrossingtheroad.⑤我尊敬他，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)真正的藝術(shù)家。Ilook__up__to__himbecausehe'sarealartist.【例3】在橫線上寫出referto在句中的含義①Hegavethespeechwithoutreferringtohisnotes.查閱，參考②Althoughshedidn'tmentionanynames,everyoneknewwhoshewasreferringto.指的是③Ihaveexaminedallthedocumentsreferringtothematter.涉及，與……相關(guān)④ThisauthorbeginsbyreferringtotheearlyhistoryofIndia.提到，說(shuō)起referto和consult都可作“查閱(詞典、參考書等)”講，表此意時(shí)兩詞可以互換。lookup意為“(在詞典、時(shí)刻表等中)查找……”?！纠?】用e的短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空①I__came__across__somenewwordswhilereading.②Hisnewbookwill__e__out__nextmonth.③She__came__up__with__anewideaforincreasingsales.④Canyoutellmehowtheaccident__came__about__?⑤Howdidit__came__about__thatheknewwherewewere？【例5】用carry的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空①Extensivetestshave__been__carried__out__onthepatient.②Itisadifficultjobbutshe'sthepersontocarry【例1】完成句子①直到那時(shí)我才知道真相。Onlythen__did__Iknowthetruth.②只有使用這種方式你才能獲得成功。Onlyinthisway__can__yousucceed.③只有你的身份驗(yàn)證后，你方可進(jìn)入。Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked,__will__youbeallowedin.④只有湯姆考試不及格。OnlyTom__failed__intheexam. 【例2】用“be＋動(dòng)詞不定式”完成句子①他們的計(jì)劃什么時(shí)候交上來(lái)？Whenarethey__to__hand__intheirplan?②你得做完你的工作才能離開(kāi)。You__are__to__finishyourworkbeforeyouleave.③我怎么知道他的遭遇如何呢？How__am__I__to__know__whathasbeeofhim?④如果想要用好英語(yǔ)，某些技巧是必須學(xué)的。Certainskillsmustbelearnedifone__is__to__use__Englishwell.(2018屆山西質(zhì)檢二)假定你是李華，與留學(xué)生朋友Bob約好一起去書店，因故不能赴約。請(qǐng)給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.表示歉意；2.說(shuō)明原因；3.另約時(shí)間。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearBob，I'msorrytosaythatIcannotgotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.IhavejustfoundthatIhavetoattendanimportantclassmeetingthatafternoon.Ihopethechangewillnotcauseyoutoomuchtrouble.ShallwegoonSaturdaymorning?Wecansetoutearlysothatwe'llhavemoretimetoreadandselectbooks.Ifit'sconvenientforyou,let'smeetat8：30outsidetheschoolgate.Ifnot,letmeknowwhattimesuitsyoubest.Ishouldbeavailableanytimeafterschoolnextweek.Yours，LiHua題目要求寫一封道歉信，就不能如約一起去書店向Bob道歉，使用第一人稱和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)進(jìn)行寫作。寫作內(nèi)容包括：表示歉意；說(shuō)明原因；另約時(shí)間。注意使用連接詞，使作文內(nèi)容連貫。考向一在語(yǔ)法填空中設(shè)題(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof________(achieve)．【答案】achievement考查名詞。本空前的介詞of后應(yīng)該使用名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。句意：首先處理重要的事情，那么你就會(huì)有成就感?？枷蚨谕晷翁羁罩锌疾椤白詮?qiáng)不息的女性”(2016天津卷)ThejourneymydaughterCathyhashadwithherswimmingisaslongasitisbeautiful.Cathysufferedsometerrible____1____inherearlychildhood.Afteryearsofregulartreatment，she____2____becamehealthy.Twoyearsago，whileCathywaswatchingtheOlympics，adreamcameintohersweetlittlehead—tobeaswimmer.Lastsummer，shewantedto____3____ourlocalswimteam.Shepracticedhardandfinally____4____it.Theteampractice，____5____wasaroughstart.Shecoughedandchokedandcouldhardly____6____herfirstfewweeks.Hearinghercoughingbitterlyonenight，Idecidedto____7____herfromitall.ButCathywokemeupearlynextmorning，wearingherswimsuit____8____togo!Itoldhersheshouldn?tswimafterawholenight?scoughing，butsherefusedto____9____andinsistedshego.Fromthatdayon，Cathykeptswimminganddidn?t____10____asinglepractice.Shehada____11____intentionwithinherselftobethebestshecouldbe.Myten－year－oldwasgrowingandchangingrightbeforemyeyes，intothis____12____humanbeingwithapassionandamission.Thereweremomentsof____13____ofcourse：oftenshewouldbethelastswimmerintherace.ItwasdifficultforCathytoacceptthatshewasn?ta____14____—ever.Butthatdidn?tstopherfromtrying.Thencamethefinalawardsceremonyattheendoftheyear.Cathydidn?texpectanyawardbutwasstillthereto____15____herfriendsandpraisetheiracplishments.Astheceremonywasnearingtheend，Isuddenlyheardtheheadcoach____16____，“ThehighesthonorgoestoCathy！”Lookingaround，hecontinued，“Cathyhasinspireduswithher____17____andenthusiasm.____18____skillsandtalentsbringgreatsuccess，themostvaluableasset(財(cái)富)onecanholdistheheart.”Itwasthegreatest____19____ofmydaughter?slife.Withallshehadbeen____20____inhertenyears，thiswasthehouroftruetriumph(成功)．1．A.failureB．pressureC．lossD．illness2．A.usuallyB．finallyC．firstly D．frequently3．A.improveB．train C．join D．contact4．A.increasedB．found C．created D．made5．A.however B．therefore C．otherwiseD．instead6．A.useB．surviveC．save D．waste7．A.pull B．tellC．hide D．fire8．A.afraid B．nervousC．ready D．free9．A.takeoff B．setoffC．giveupD．showup10．A.attendB．missC．banD．Start11．A.richB．weakC．firmD．kind12．A.trustedB．determinedC．experiencedD．embarrassed13．A.frustrationB．delightC．excitementD．surprise14．A.beginnerB．learnerC．partnerD．winner15．A.cheeronB．petewithC．respondtoD．runafter16．A.admittingB．explainingC．a(chǎn)nnouncingD．whispering17．A.humorB．willC．honestyD．wisdom18．A.AlthoughB．SinceC．OnceD．Because19．A.discoveryB．choiceC．influenceD．moment20．A.throughB．underC．a(chǎn)crossD．a(chǎn)round【語(yǔ)篇解讀】作者的女兒在童年時(shí)遭受了諸多病痛之苦。接受治療之后開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)，于是她決心做一個(gè)游泳選手，雖然身體不適，還是堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練。雖然經(jīng)常參加比賽，但是她仍然是最后一名。不過(guò)她一直不放棄。最后她的意志力以及熱情使她獲得了最高的榮譽(yù)和肯定。1．D根據(jù)下一句話中的Afteryearsofregulartreatment可知，Cathy在童年的時(shí)候，得了可怕的疾病，所以經(jīng)歷了多年的治療。2．B本句中的Afteryearsofregulartreatment指的是治療過(guò)程，本空說(shuō)的是治療結(jié)果，所以用finally，即她最后恢復(fù)健康了。3．C根據(jù)上一句話中的adreamcameintohersweetlittlehead可知，她想?yún)⒓游覀儺?dāng)?shù)氐挠斡娟?duì)。4．D根據(jù)上句中的Shepracticedhard可知，她進(jìn)行了艱苦的訓(xùn)練，而本句中的finally表示結(jié)果，說(shuō)明她最后成功加入到游泳隊(duì)中了，makeit意為“成功做成某事”。5．A根據(jù)上文可知，Cathy雖然成功加入游泳隊(duì)，結(jié)合本句中的wasatoughstart可知，游泳隊(duì)的訓(xùn)練是個(gè)艱難的開(kāi)始，這里是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。6．B結(jié)合句中的coughedandchoked可知，Cathy又咳嗽又感到窒息，所以在訓(xùn)練的前幾個(gè)星期幾乎不能挺過(guò)來(lái)。7．A結(jié)合句中的Hearinghercoughingbitterlyonenight可知，作者知道了Cathy咳嗽的厲害之后，決定將她從游泳隊(duì)里拉回來(lái)。8．C根結(jié)合句中的wearingherswimsuit可知，Cathy穿著游泳衣準(zhǔn)備繼續(xù)自己的游泳訓(xùn)練。9．C根據(jù)本句中的sheshouldn?tswimafterawholenight’scoughing可知，作者要求女兒放棄游泳，但是她拒絕了。10．B根據(jù)本句中的keepswimming可知，Cathy一直在訓(xùn)練，沒(méi)有錯(cuò)過(guò)一次訓(xùn)練的機(jī)會(huì)，miss意為“失去”。11．C根據(jù)上文可知，Cathy一直在訓(xùn)練，沒(méi)有錯(cuò)過(guò)一次訓(xùn)練，由此可以判斷，她的內(nèi)心有堅(jiān)定的意志。12．B根據(jù)本句中的withapassionandamission，可知，Cathy已經(jīng)成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)有決心的人。13．A根據(jù)本句中的oftenshewouldbelastswimmerintherace可知，Cathy也有挫敗的時(shí)候。14．D根據(jù)上一句話可知，Cathy總是最后一名，而她接受自己不是獲勝者是一件很難的事情。15．A根據(jù)本句中的praisetheiracplishments可知，雖然Cathy自己獲不了獎(jiǎng)，但仍然為隊(duì)友加油鼓勁。16．C根據(jù)本句中的ThehighesthonorgoestoCathy可知，總教練宣布Cathy所獲得的最高榮譽(yù)。17．B根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境可知，文章就是以Cathy的決心和毅力為主線，所以用will表示其“意志力”，所以教練說(shuō)：是Cathy用她的意志力和熱情激勵(lì)了我們。18．A在教練看來(lái)，雖然才能和技巧能帶來(lái)巨大成功，但是一個(gè)人能擁有的最珍貴的財(cái)富是一個(gè)人的內(nèi)心，主從句之間是讓步關(guān)系，所以用although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。19．D在作者看來(lái)，教練說(shuō)這番話的時(shí)候是自己的女兒一生之中最好的時(shí)刻，下文的hour也是解題線索。20．A在作者看來(lái)，十年以來(lái)Cathy所經(jīng)歷的一切中，這是真正成功的時(shí)刻。計(jì)策1：結(jié)合空前的詞性判斷本空所需成分計(jì)策2：確定使用名詞后再判斷名詞的類別，可數(shù)名詞是否需要使用復(fù)數(shù)形式計(jì)策1：跳讀帶著空格通讀全文，了解短文大意，判別短文文體，同時(shí)將會(huì)做的題及時(shí)解決掉。計(jì)策2：選答這一步最為關(guān)鍵，要求考生對(duì)每一道題進(jìn)行認(rèn)真推敲，但是萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不可按照題的順序答題，對(duì)那些拿不準(zhǔn)的題先跳過(guò)去，遵循先易后難的解題原則。計(jì)策3：推敲這實(shí)際上就是要求考生對(duì)完形填空短文的篇章作通盤考慮，把其中一些需要依據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)考慮的比較難解答的題，以及句子之間和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)較強(qiáng)的題認(rèn)真推敲，甄別，篩選和抉擇。計(jì)策4：復(fù)查這是解答這類題的最后一步，要求考生解完題之后務(wù)必再把文章通讀一遍，從整體上準(zhǔn)確把握文章的真正意思，及時(shí)修改與全文有出入的一些選項(xiàng)。計(jì)策5：語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)法在完形填空題中考查的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目主要是動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣、謂語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)形式等。所以這類題需要考生有較為扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，能夠從句式的結(jié)構(gòu)上辨別出相關(guān)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞、連詞、副詞、形容詞或相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)然還要考慮到主謂一致等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)要點(diǎn)。不過(guò)，切記解答這類題時(shí)，必須是在任何選項(xiàng)的語(yǔ)法都正確的前提下，再考慮其他方面因素。一、詞匯拓展1.achievevt.完成；達(dá)到→__achievement__n.成就；功績(jī)2.specialadj.專門的→__specialist__n.專家；專業(yè)工作者3.connectvt.連接→__connection__n.連接；關(guān)系4.organizevt.組織→__organization__n.組織；機(jī)構(gòu)；團(tuán)體5.behavevt.&vi.舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)→__behaviour__(＝behavior)__行為；舉止；習(xí)性6.worthyadj.值得的→__worthwhile__adj.值得的；值得做的7.observevt.觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守→__observation__n.觀察；觀測(cè)8.outspokenadj.直言不諱的；坦誠(chéng)的→__speak__out__毫無(wú)保留地說(shuō)出9.respectvt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意→__respectful__adj.恭敬的；尊敬人的10.arguevt.&vi.討論；辯論；爭(zhēng)論→__argument__n.爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)吵與entertainment相關(guān)的詞組：11.entertainv．娛樂(lè)；心存，懷有(希望、想法等)；招待→__entertainment__n.款待；娛樂(lè)；娛樂(lè)表演12.inspirevt.鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示→__inspiration__n.靈感；鼓舞13.refervi.談到；查閱；參考→__reference__n.參考14.sickadj.有病的→__sickness__n.疾病；惡心15.generatev．產(chǎn)生，導(dǎo)致→__generation__n.一代；一輩16.kindadj.仁慈的→__kindness__n.仁慈；好意17.considerv．考慮；認(rèn)為→__considerate__adj.考慮周到的→__consideration__n.考慮；體諒→__considerable__adj.相當(dāng)?shù)?，重要?8.delivervt.遞送；生(小孩兒)；接生；發(fā)表(演說(shuō)等)→__delivery__n．投遞，傳送19.modestadj.謙虛的；謙讓的；適度的→__modesty__n.謙虛；虛心二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Youmustbeadmittedtoakeyuniversity,whichwillgiveyouawonderfulsenseof__achievement__(achieve).2.Thewoman__was__observed__(observe)tofollowhimclosely.3.Asconceitmakesonelagbehind,so__modesty__(modest)helpsonemakeprogress.(modest)(驕傲使人落后，謙虛使人進(jìn)步。)4.Thisisaseriousnovel,notan__entertainment__(entertain).1.crowd用作名詞，是集合名詞。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)(視為整體)或復(fù)數(shù)(考慮其個(gè)體成員)均可。2.crowd用作動(dòng)詞，表示“聚集、擠滿”，可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞。常用結(jié)構(gòu)becrowdedwith。派生形容詞crowded意為“擁擠的”。5.Smallshopswere__crowded__(crowd)outbysupermarketsduringtheeconomiccrisis.6.Hewasan__inspired__(inspire)poetatthattimeandhis__inspiring__(inspire)poemsspreadthroughallthecountry.7.He'sinvolvedinthe__organization__(organize)ofanewclub.8.Ingeneral，Iwasquitepleasedwith