2012高考非謂語動詞講練大全

金諾學校張老師講義PAGEPAGE17分詞與高考一、分詞(過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞)在句子中的功能(4大功能)1作定語“單個在前，多個在后”（95%）；表被動和完成用過分；表主動或進行用現(xiàn)分(作后置定語時注意可以改寫成一個定語從句)boiling/boiledwaterdeveloping/developedcountryfalling/fallenleavesTenstudentswilldelivertheirspeechonthegiventopic“ManandNature”.Thefundaddedbythegovernmentwillbeusedtorebuildthehouses.Therewasaterriblenoisefollowingthesuddenburstoflight.(1)I’mcallingtoinquireabouttheposition____inyesterday’sChinaDaily.（2010北京）A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised(2)Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime____.A.allowingB.toallowC.allowedD.allows(3)Ihavealotofreadings____beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山東)A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted(4）Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(04上海）A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt(5)ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;Therearemanypictures____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.(04廣西）A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed2作表語往往看做adj.表狀態(tài).過分：“感到…”現(xiàn)分：“令人…”Wefeltdisappointedathisresponse.Thenewstheygotisverydisappointing.Ving:表示人或物本身具有的特點、特性、特征V-過分：表示人或物所處的狀態(tài)特殊注意：adeterminedman,asurprisedlook,aterrifiedvoice….(1)Onhearingthe____newsthathersonwasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity,shewas___totears.A.exciting;excitedB.excited;excitingC.exciting;excitingD.excited,excited(2)Atthefirstsightofthesnake,thegirlletouta_____cry.A.frightenedB.frighteningC.tobefrightenedD.beingfrightening(3)InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained_____abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.(2010福建）A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck3作賓語補足語有前才有后有前面的特殊動詞才有后面的賓補（1）表感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞的賓語后；see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel,find”一聽兩看；注意觀察；兩F”MyfamilyheardmyarticlebroadcastbytheBBC.Weobservedthegirlenteringthehallwithoutanythinginherhand.(1)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound___inthekitchen.(03高考)A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked(2)Whenheawoke,hefoundhimself______byanoldwoman.A.lookedafterB.belookedafterC.beinglookedafterD.belookingafter（2）在表“致使,保持”等動詞后make,get,have,keep,leave,driveTheyleftthedoorunlocked.Willyoupleasemakeyourselfknowntous?(1)JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish____inashortperiod.A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve(2)Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues____withherstories.A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused（3）表希望、命令等動詞賓語后like,want,wish,order（low-w）Theteacherdoesn’twantsuchquestions(tobe)discussedinclass.Thestudentswishthefilmcontinued.(1)Thefatherwantedhisdaughter______byAnna.A.teachingB.toteachC.tohavebeentaughtD.taught（4）位于with,without等介詞后（獨立主格結構）Doyouknowthegirlwithherhairtiedback?(1)Inthereadingroom,wefoundher____atadesk,withherattention____onabook.A.sitting;fixingB.tosit;fixedC.seating;fixingD.seated;fixed4作狀語在句中作時間、原因、條件、結果,讓步、伴隨或方式等狀語?！艾F(xiàn)分表主動，過分表被動”（分詞作狀語，該分詞短語往往可以改寫成一個狀語從句）相當于assoonas,when/while,because/as,if,though/although,once引導的狀語從句Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.=Assoonasheheardthegoodnews,he…Drivenbyagreaterdemandforvegetables,farmershavebuildmoregreenhouses.Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(If)Givenmoreattention,theproblemcouldbesolved.=Ifitwasgivenmoreattention,theproblemcouldbesolved.Although/Thoughgettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.=Although/Thoughhegot..Theysatthereonthestone,talkingwitheachother.（伴隨）=Theysatthereonthestoneandtalkedwitheachother.作伴隨狀語(方式狀語),表示同謂語的動作同時發(fā)生,相當于由并列連詞連接的兩個并列動作。Themotherdied,leavingfivechildrenbehind.(結果)Theyfiredattheenemy,killingtwo.作結果狀語,現(xiàn)在分詞的動作同謂語動詞的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。(1)____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingD.ComparingD.WhencomparedFindinghercarstolen______.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchedthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp_____theinterview,themangerwenttohisoffice,_____bytheinterviewer.A.Havingfinished,followedB.Finished,followedC.Finishing,followingD.Beingfinished,beingfollowing二、分詞的形式一般式進行式完成式現(xiàn)在分詞（主動）doingdoinghavingdone過去分詞（被動）donebeingdonehavingbeendone一般式：實現(xiàn)句子結構功能。進行式：強調(diào)動作正在進行完成式：（1）必須強調(diào)該動作在另一個時間或動作之前完成（2）或/和因果關系不定式：（1）表動作還沒有發(fā)生（2）在句中充當目的狀語（結果狀語、原因狀語）否定式：在非謂語前加notHavingdonehishomework,theboywentouttoplay.Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,hedidn’tgotoseeitlastnight.Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisteacherforadvice.=Because/Ashedidn’tknowwhatto..,hewentto….Oncetasted,thedishishardtoforget.Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。(伴隨)區(qū)別：Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的)Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．這男孩個子不夠高，手伸不到書架。(形容詞后接結果狀語從句)Wearegladtohearthenews．我們很高興聽到這消息。(形容詞后接原因狀語從句)三、be+過去分詞（該過去分詞已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為adj.）——去BE,留過分“座位專迷穿面決”以及類似該結構的其它短語（還有很多，復習中注意牢記）：beseated,besituated,beabsorbedin,belost,bedressed(in),befacedwith,bedeterminedtodoTheyfellasleepatonce,exhausted.Theywenthomehappy/happily.（體會區(qū)別）形容詞與句子搭配使用，只能做伴隨狀語（仔細體會和把握）；但是分詞短語確可以充當多種狀語。DeterminedtofinishtheprojectbeforeJune,wehavetowork12hoursperday.Dressedwithsuchbeautifulclothes,shewenttothepartyconfidently.Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.目標訓練：_____theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NotHavingcompletedD.Nottobecompleted_____withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.A.FacedB.FacingC.TofaceD.FaceDina,_____formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.(2010湖南）A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggleMikefoundhismissingcarinthestreetoutsidehishouse,_____newlycleanedandpolished.(2011上海春）A.lookedB.tolookC.lookingD.tobelooking_____theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.(2009天津）A.CompletingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete______inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.(2008福建）A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited四、習慣用法：generally/frankly/+speaking一般/坦白說judgingfrom從….判斷talkingof…談到allowingfor..考慮到…,扣除….consideringthat…考慮到….,就….而論seeingthat…鑒于….（的緣故）supposingthat…假定Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Allowingforpricerises,thecostofdailyliferemainsthesamelevelasthatoflastyear.五、解題方法——掌握7個解題思路：1、分析句子特點和成分：確定考點——是分詞還是謂語動詞——如果是分詞做什么成分？定、表、賓補、狀;核心思考點：（1）一個句子只有一個謂語動詞——并列句除外；（2）兩個單句之間不能用逗號連接。2、主、被動關系(找出動詞和主語/邏輯主語的關系)3、是“be+過分”結構嗎？4、目的狀語（todo）——不定式（結果、原因狀語只在adj.存在的句子中）5.習慣用法：6、連系動詞沒有被動語態(tài)95%(21個半系動詞——（1）5個起來證明不了兩個似乎look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,appear,seem（2）兩繼續(xù)兩保持兩狀況remain,continue,keep,stay,stand,fall（3）become-turn-3“g”,become,turn,go,grow,get(4)cometrue,runshortof但注意：getpaid/burnt/prepaired/hurt7、獨立主格和Therebeing…..;Itbeing…..非謂語動詞2011高考點擊：1．Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse．(2011全國)A．roseB．risingC．toriseD．risen2.Theisland,____tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.(2011全國)A.JoiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined3.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,______nothingabouttheargument.(2011全國)A.saysB:saidC.tosayD.saying4.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasierintosmallpieces.(2011安徽)A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak5.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyoufeet.(2011北京(33))A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept6.TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(2011福建(23))A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded7．Theability_______anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南(21))A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed8．Theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.(2011湖南(23))A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected9.Doyouwakeupeverymorning______energeticandreadytostartanewday?A.fellB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt10.Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(2011江蘇)A．comparedB．comparingC．comparesD．beingcompared11．a(chǎn)roundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.(2011遼寧)A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering12．Therarefish,______fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.(2011上海(32))A.saved B.saving C.tobesaved D.havingsaved13．AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,______thathecoulddonothingtohelp.(2011上海(33))A.torealize B.realize C.realizingD.beingrealized14．Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.(2011四川)A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep15．a(chǎn)nimportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.(2011四川16)A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer16．______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.(2011天津)A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated17．MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself________ofhisowndreams.(2011重慶33)A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind18.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproduced_____people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.(2011重慶29)A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised19．Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some______alifespanofaround20years.(2011浙江3)A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohave20.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves____forwords.(2011浙江)A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost21.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity_____bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.(2011浙江19)A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered.22．Mikefoundhismissingcarinthestreetoutsidehishouse,____newlycleanedandpolished.A.lookedB.tolookC.lookingC.tobelooking23．Lookoverthere——there’saverylong,windingpath_____uptothehouse.(2011山東27)A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead24．Clairhadherluggage______anhourbeforeherplaneleft.(2011陜西)A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked25.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,______itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade26.Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife______shehadacall,Mr.Gordenimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.(2011江西32)A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay動詞不定式動詞不定式可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語，但它畢竟是動詞，所以有動詞的屬性，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，雖然動詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語，但它表達的意義是動作，這一動作一定由使動者發(fā)出。這一使動者我們稱之為邏輯主語。一、動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：時態(tài)主動被動一般式/體todotobedone完成式/體tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式/體tobedoing———————完成進行式/體tohavebeendoing———————（一）“時態(tài)”：1、一般體：一般體表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI'llseeyouagain.我希望再見到你。2、完成體：表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.3、進行時體：表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.Sheseemedtobeworryingaboutsomething.4、完成進行體：Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.Heissaidtohavebeenpraised.（二）被動語態(tài)：1、It'sagreathonourtobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.（不定式作主語是被動語態(tài)tobeinvited是被邀請）Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.（不定式作主語）Iwishtobesenttoworkinthecountry.（不定式作賓語）Canyoutellmewhichisthecartoberepaired?（不定式作定語）Hewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.（不定式作狀語）ThebridgeconnectingShanghaiwithJiangsuisreportedtohavebeenbuilt.2、注意：在Therebe結構中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動，也可用主動。如：Therearestillmanythingstotakecareof(tobetakencareof).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同，如：Theseisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodonow.)Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)二、動詞不定式的否定：notto…..（有時強調(diào)也用never）Hepromisesnevertomakesuchastupidmistake.Heturnedtheradiodowninordernot/soasnotowakethebaby.三、疑問詞+不定式結構疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。如：1、WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.（主）2、Mr.Smithdidn'tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.（賓）3、IaskedProfessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.（直賓）4、Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.（表語）以上例句中疑問詞+不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應的從句形式。如：①Whenweshallleave…③…h(huán)owIcouldlearn…經(jīng)常在這種結構中使用的動詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,findout,forget,hear,know,learn,observe,understand,wonder等。目標訓練：1.Aidsissaid____thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.A.thatitisB.tobeC.thatishasbeenD.tohavebeen2.Mr.Smithwarnedhisdaughter_____afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive3.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersinsalethatIcan’tmakeupmymind______tobuy.A.whatB.whichC.howD.where4.Willyoubeabletoattendthelecture_____nextweek?A.givingB.givenC.tobegivenD.beinggiven四、動詞不定式用法詳解（一）作主語：動詞不定式作主語時，句子的謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：1、把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.Toseeistobelieve./Seeingisbelieving.2、用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：①It+be+名詞+todo：It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.②It+be+形容詞+ofsb+todo：Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverything(that)theteachersays.③It+be+形容詞+forsb+todo：Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.④Ittakessb+sometime+todo：Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?⑤Itseems(appears)+形容詞+todo：Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等；在句型②中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示贊揚或批評的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時相當于Sbis+形容詞+todo句式，如：It'skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouarekindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.注意：（1）其他系動詞如，look，appear等也可用于以上句型（2）不定式作主語時，動詞用單數(shù)形式。（3）當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時，不能用Itis…to…的句型(對)Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。(錯)Itistobelievetosee.目標訓練：1.Itissillyofme____alleggsinonebasked.ThatwastheworstmistakeI’veevermade.A.toputB.tohaveputC.puttingD.havingput（二）作賓語1、以下動詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝。主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。determine/decide（決心），learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care（想要）,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.以及：afford（付得起），aim(力求做到)，appear（顯得），arrange（安排），attempt（試圖），claim（聲稱），condescend（屈尊），consent（準許），，demand（要求），endeavor（竭力），fail（未履行），help（幫助），hesitate（猶豫），manage（設法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主動提出），plan（計劃），prepare（準備），pretend（假裝），proceed（接著做），prove（證明），refuse（拒絕），resolve（解決），seem（覺得好像），swear（發(fā)誓），tend（往往會），threaten（預示），undertake（承諾），volunteer（自愿做），vow（發(fā)誓）Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。2、動詞+疑問詞+不定式：decide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.請演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ?。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.3、當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定式置于補語之后，即：主語+動詞+it+補語+todo句式。如：Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.目標訓練：1.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____,butI’mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard2.Davidthreatened____hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported3.Thechairmanthought____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him（三）作賓語補足語(被動句中為主語補足語)：特殊動詞+賓語+賓語補足語（以下有各種形式）1.todo:在peldeclareencourageforbidforcefindhireinduceinstructinvitelikeorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireselectsendsupposetelltrainurge等后Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Webelievehimtobeguilty.2.使役、感官動詞后省to不定式作賓補（主動省略to,被動不省）：（吾看三室兩廳一感覺）：五（吾）看：see,watch,lookat，notice,observe三使（室）：let,have,make二聽（廳）：hear,listento一感覺feel特殊：helpsb.(to)do后可帶可不帶。特殊：在使役動詞中get除外(getsb.todosth.)注意：在被動語態(tài)中，原來的賓語補足語就成為了主語補足語。Ioftenseehimplayfootball.Lookattheboyrun.(看，那個男孩跑了)Ourteachermademedoalotofexercises.Iwasmadetodoalotofexercises.(主語補足語)Ifeltsomethingmovetowardsme.WeheardhersinginthenextroomWhatwouldyouhavemedo?你要我做什么？Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就讓他干吧。3.to+be:在acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(聲稱),discover,fancy(設想),feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解),show,suppose,take(以為),understand等動詞后WeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.4.tobe+形容詞：seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean…Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.Thisissupposedtobeaclassyevent(上流派對).Notasamplesaleatanoutletmall.批發(fā)商場Thesesocialsupportsmayhelpexplainwhymanywomenseemtobebetterabletodealwithstressthenmenare.5.there+tobe:believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,understandWedidn'texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我們沒料到會有那么多人在哪里。但是有些動詞需用as短語做補語，如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.。Marytookhimasherfather.6.find的特殊用法：Find后可用分詞做賓補，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to的動詞不定式。find后也可帶一個從句,但是不能直接接sb.do/todo。此類動詞還有get，have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Wefoundthemanknockeddownbyacarpassingby.Ifounditimportanttolearn.WefoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.Ifindhimdo/todosomehomework.(X)目標訓練（考題一般沒有以上講解內(nèi)容難）：1.Myadvisorencouraged_____asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake2.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered___thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented3.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwayswokshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning4.——Excuseme,sire,whereisRoom301?——Justaminute.I’llhaveBob_____youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing5.（比較）Thenextmorningshefoundtheman___inbed，dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying（四）作表語：不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?；動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。①Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.②Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.③WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.當主語和表語都是不定式時，其含義一是條件，一是結果（例①）。當主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時，或以what引導的名詞性分句（例③），不定式說明主語的內(nèi)容。④Ourworkisservingthepeople.⑤Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.⑥ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.④⑤句動名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Servingthepeopleisourwork,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動名詞作表語還應與進行時態(tài)區(qū)別開來。目標訓練：1.Myjobwastowashbottles,whichwouldthenbefilledwithwine,or_____thefilledbottlesinboxes.A.toputB.puttingC.havingputD.beingput（五）作狀語1、目的狀語:to,onlyto(僅僅為了),inorderto,soasto,so(such)…asto…(如此……以便……)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.2、作結果狀語，表事先沒有預料到的，要放在句子后面。Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.MygrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.3、某些形容詞后表原因：I'mgladtoseeyou.Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill.4、在帶有enough或too的句子中，做狀語，表程度。Hewastooexcitednottosayafewwords.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.在一些特殊形容詞的后面，做狀語修飾該形容詞：如easy,hard,difficult,good,bad,soft,comfortable,light,heavy等。Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton目標訓練：1.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_____losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto2.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust______alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have3.______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.completingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete4.Withfather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank____presentsformydad.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought5.Wewereastonished_____thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound6.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting____.A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered.(六)作定語1、不定式作定語:不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：①ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.②Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyoursister?③Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?④Wouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?⑤MywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關系：(1)表示將來的動作（例①）。(2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系，如是不及物動詞，則需加介詞（例④）。(3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系，同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關系時，盡管有被動含義，卻仍用主動語態(tài)（例③）；如只有動賓關系，而無邏輯上的主謂關系，則需用被動語態(tài)（例②）。(4)不定式作定語時，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句，例①toarrive=thatwillarrive。2、如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就要有必要的介詞。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.3、有些名詞常用不定式做定語(PDCwater)：patience,promise,plan,decision,chance;wish,attempt,ability,time,effort,right,等4、當名詞被first,last,second以及only等詞修飾時，其后可用動詞不定式作定語，且該動詞不定式常含過去的意義。Theywerethelastgueststoarrive.Iarrivedfirst.Thenext(one)tocomewasTom.5、介詞+which+todo：Thekeywithwhichtoopenthedoorhasbeenlost.Hetoldhismotherthatheneededtendollarswithwhichtobuyanewdictionary.目標訓練：1．Withoutfacts,apersoncan’tformacorrectopinion,forheneedstohaveactualknowledge_____histhinking.A.whichtobaseB.onwhichtobaseC.wheretobaseD.whichbebasedon2.Theability____anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed3.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine____theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathroom.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce4.Hisfirstbook____nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished(七)其它考點：1．情態(tài)動詞后用do,但oughttodo除外:Theyoughttocometomorrow.2.表示個人意愿或傾向的wouldrather，hadbetter，might(just)aswell：ratherthan后面。Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabike.3.whynotdo…..：4.help可帶to，也可不帶to,helpsb(to)dosth：5.but和except：but前是動詞do時，后面出現(xiàn)的動詞用不帶to的動詞不定式，否則要帶to。Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.6.由and,or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to可以省去：7.通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后，可以省去tobe：Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他應該是個好人。8.當兩個或多個不定式短語由連詞and，but或or連接時，后一個或幾個不定式符號to常省略。但若表示對比、對照關系時，則不能省略。HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.9、當too前面有only,all,but時，意思是：非?！扔趘ery。I'monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高興能幫助你。Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他非常想回家。10、to有兩種用法：一為不定式+do；一為介詞+名詞/doing，to在下面的用法中是第二種：口訣：途中挨餓開始習慣堅持，注意上癮判刑，開始導致盼望，承認歸功貢獻Onone’swayto,starveto(death),getdownto,be/getused/accustomedto習慣于,stickto(bestuckto);Payattentionto,beaddictedto,sentenceto(death),turnto開始，著手于,leadto,lookforwardto;admitto承認，confessto承認，owe…to,devoteoneselfto(bedevotedto)獻身于，致力于11、動詞不定式的省略：在like/wouldlike,love/wouldlove,hope,hate,need,try,want,wish,plan,mean等動詞后；usedto,begoingto,beglad,bewilling,behappy等后省略to內(nèi)容時，to要保留，——Wouldyouliketogotothecinema?——I’dloveto.——Youshouldhavethankedherbeforesheleft.——Imeantto,butIcouldn’tfindheranywhere.12、謂語為表示“愿望、打算、意圖”的動詞的時候，如hope,think,want,plan,expect,mean,intend等，其后可跟不定式的完成式表示“本來想要做某事，實際上未能完成”；或這些動詞用完成時態(tài)，不定式用一般式，表達內(nèi)容一樣。Wemeanttohavestoppedhimfromdoingsuchathing.我們本來想阻止他做這件事。IhadhoppedtomeetJohnsonthismorning,butIfoundnobodyleftintheroomwhenIcameback..13、評論性動詞不定式：tobehonest,totellthe(you)thetruth,toputitmildly(說得委婉點)，tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是，totakeallthingsintoconsideration從各方面考慮Tomakethingsworse,manyofthemenhavegoneofftocitiesinsearchofhigherpay,leavingwomenfromnearbyvillagestocarryonwiththework.14、不定式的主動語態(tài)代替被動語態(tài)（1）不定式與其最近的名詞（代詞）有動賓關系，且與句中另一個名詞（代詞）有主謂關系：Wouldyoubringmeabenchtositon?用作定語的不定式為“動詞+介詞”時，介詞不能省略：Adesktowriteonanicemantoworkwithaniceplacetoliveinapieceofpapertowriteon(2)某些形容詞后作狀語的不定式，要用主動表示被動，difficult,easy,heavy,light,hard,interesting,comfortable,soft.Thisquestionisnoteasytoanswer.Itsfurissofttotouch.Thechairisverycomfortabletositon.(3)therebe結構中主、被動意義可相同或不同。Thereisalotofworktodo/bedone.Thereisnothingtofear/tobefeared.(4)tolet,toblame只用主動Thehouseistolet.Youaretoblame.目標測試：1.Iusuallygotherebytrain.Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.Sandycoulddonothingbut____tohistea