突破閱讀（中考英語(yǔ)）

閱讀理解

“Ifyouwanttocatchafish,youhavetothinklikeafish."

能力要求:考察考生獲取、分析、處理信息或數(shù)據(jù)的能力。

本質(zhì)屬性f決定一篇詞數(shù)為260-300的文章必然有一部分是有效信息，而另一部分則為

無(wú)效信息或干擾信息

「看多了

「定位（精睡定便）找準(zhǔn)了出錯(cuò)原因：“兩多”Y

I想多了

思路Y

、替換

注：1.精確定位方法：利用值時(shí)可（人名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)、時(shí)間及數(shù)字等）和復(fù)現(xiàn)箏杓（原

詞、近義詞、上義詞、反義詞）進(jìn)行定位，信號(hào)詞集中（22）之

處即為稹南房位之處；

2.精確定位之處可能不止一處；

3.若根據(jù)題干無(wú)法定位，則根據(jù)選項(xiàng)精確定位，逐項(xiàng)排除。

細(xì)節(jié)題識(shí)別：1、不完整陳述句；

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2、特殊疑問句。（6wlh）

what、who、which>when>where、why^how

題型分類Y

<主旨題識(shí)別：1、...thebesttitle/mainidea/topic/subjectof...

2、...ismainlyabout/mainlytells…

3、...learnfrom...

注：1.注意文章內(nèi)容與出題順序的一致性；

2.注意區(qū)分文章主旨和段落主旨（段落主旨以文章主旨為核心）；

3.注意區(qū)分論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)（論據(jù)用來(lái)說明和論證作者觀點(diǎn)）。

正確選項(xiàng)特征：1、同義替換（正話反說、反話正說）

數(shù)學(xué)語(yǔ)言：A>B<->B<A

Example:

1、.....Tomisapoliceman,it'snotaneasyjob........

Tom，sjobis.

A.easyB.uneasy

C.difficultD.excited

2、（2015廣東,B）

TheChinesegovernmentwantsthecountrytodevelop,butinawaythatdoesn'tdoharmtothe

environmentandpeople'slife.Thisyear,Chinapassedanewenvironmentalprotectionlaw,the

strictestonewehaveeverhad.ComputercompanieslikeLenovoandDellwillbeaskedtotake

backtheiroldcomputers.Thisisbecausethecompaniesthatmakecomputersknowbesthowto

dealwiththemsafely.Hopefully,theproblemwithe-wastewillbesolvedinthenearfuture.

4.Thisyear,theChinesegovernment.

A.triedtochangepeople*slife

B.closedsomecomputercompanies

C.madeanewenvironmentalprotectionlaw

D.askedpeopletohandintheiroldcomputers

（2015廣東廣州,A）

Thoughhard-working,themendon'tmakemuchmoney.ButasWenqiputsitJIf

westandonourownfeet,sothefruitsofourworktastesweeter.^NeitherHaixianorWenqicares

aboutmoney.Together,theyalreadyhaveeverythingtheyneed-aperfectpairofeyes,two

stronghands,andthebestfriendshipintheworld!

4.1nParagraph5,whenWenqisays“Westandonourownfeet,sothefruitsofourworktaste

sweeter”,hemeansthat”

A.theyhopetomaketheforestevenbetter

B.thefruitsfromtheirtreesareverysweet

C.theyareproudnottodependonothers

D.theyareabletodoanydifficultwork

「正：may/might/possible/belikelyto/can/could/Not

every(one,body,thing)/Notall........(V)

2、委婉性Y

<反：All/Every(one,body,thing)/must/only

/never........(X)

Example:

(2014廣州,B)

InearlyNovemberof1503,duringChristopherColumbus,fourthandfinaltriptoAmerica,

hisshipwasseriouslydamagedinastorm.Columbusandhismenhadtoliveonasmallislandfor

severalmonthswhiletheytriedtorepairtheirshipandreturntoSpain.

Atfirst,thelocalpeopleontheislandwereverykindtotheEuropeanvisitors,givingthem

allthefoodandclothestheyneededtosurvive.However,asthemonthspassed,thelocalpeople

becamemoreandmoreunhappywiththeirguests,whoweretrickingandstealingfromthem.

Finallythelocalsdecidedtostophelping.Withoutfoodoranywaytoleavetheisland.Columbus's

groupwassooninserioustrouble.

LuckilyforColumbus,hehadabookaboutthestarsandplanetsonhisship.ltdescribedthe

movementsofalltheobjectsinthenightsky.Thebook,writtenbyawell-knownGermanscientist

,saidtherewouldbeatotallunareclipse(月食)ontheeveningofFebruary29,1504andhowlong

itwouldlast.

ColumbusworkedoutthedifferenceintimebetweenGermanyandNorthAmerica.Hethen

hadameetingwiththelocalleadersjustbeforetheeclipsewouldtakeplace.Inthismeeting,

Columbustoldthemhisgodwasangrybecausethelocalpeoplewerenolongergivingfood.So

hisgodwouldtakeawaythemoontopunishthem.AtthemomentColumbusfinishedtalkingjust

ashehadplanned,themoonbegandisappearing.

ThelocalleadersgrewfrightenedandquicklyagreedtoprovideColumbuswithfoodand

anythingelsehewanted.Butfirst.Columbus'godhadtoreturnthemoon.Columbustoldthemhe

wouldhavetodiscusstheideawithhisgodonhisship.Knowingthemoonwouldstaycompletely

hiddenforabout48minutes,Columbusreturnedjustbeforethemoonbegantoreappear.Fromthat

dayon,untiltheyfinallyleft,Columbusandhismennolongerhadanytroublegettingthefood

theyneeded.

5.WhatcanwelearnabouttheEuropeansfromthepassage?

A.Theyallbelievedingod.

B.TheyneverreturnedtoSpain.

C.Theyadmiredthelocalpeople.

D.Theycausedtheirownproblems

3、概括性錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特征：1.范圍過大

2.具體細(xì)節(jié)，以偏概全

3.無(wú)中生有

（2014廣東,B）

Tous,itseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butinfact

theumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasashade（蔽）against

thesun.

Nobodyknowswhofirstinventedit,buttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.

ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChinese,backintheeleventhcenturyBC.Weknowthatthe

umbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangething

connectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandpower（權(quán)力）.IntheFarEastinancient

times,theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybythoseinhighofficeorbyroyalpeoplesuchas

thekingsorqueens.

InEurope,theGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.Theumbrellawasin

commonuseinancientGreece,butitisbelievedthatthefirstpeopleinEuropetousetheumbrella

asprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.DuringthemiddleagesinEurope,theuse

oftheumbrellaalmostdisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelatesixteenthcentury.

Andagainitbecameasymbolofpower.

Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime,thoughtheyhavebecome

muchlighterinweight.Itwasn,tuntilthetwentiethcenturythattheumbrellasforwomenbegan

tobemadeinallkindsofcolors.

1.Ancientpeoplefirstusedumbrellasas.

A.asymbolofhonorB.protectionagainstthesunC.asymbolofpowerD.protection

againsttherain

2.Accordingtothepassage,theumbrellawasprobablyfirstusedinancient.

A.EgyptB.BabylonC.RomeD.China

3.TheunderlinedwordroyalmightmeaninChinese.

A.皇室的B.富裕的C.中產(chǎn)的D.平民的

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.TheancientGreeksusedtheumbrellaintheirdailylife.

B.Europeanshardlyusedtheumbrelladuringthemiddleages.

C.Theumbrellasforwomenweremadecolorfulinancienttimes.

D.Thestyleoftheumbrellahasn'tchangedalotsinceitwasinvented.

5.Thispassageismainlyabout.

A.thesalesoftheumbrella

B.thedifferencesamongumbrellas

C.theinventionoftheumbrella

D.thehistoryandtheuseoftheumbrella

（2015廣東,B）

Itisreportedthatsomedevelopedcountrieshaveshippedbrokenpartsofcomputersto

China.Suchathingcanbefoundalmosteverydayalthoughitisagainstinternationallaws.Last

monthHongKongofficersfound131,000kilogramsofbrokencomputers,TVsandphonessent

fromJapan.

Thingslikethesearecalledelectronicwaste,ore-waste.Dealingwiththemisnotaneasyjob

becausedangerouspoisonslikemercury（汞）andlead（鉛）canbefoundinthem.Everytimeanold

computerbreaksdown,itneedstobedealtwithsafely.Butatpresent,brokencomputerpartsare

usuallyburied.ltmaybehundredsofyearsbeforetheyarereallygoneintheearth.

ManyplacesinChinaarepollutedbye-waste.GuiyuinGuangdongProvinceisoneof

them.Thistownisnamedas,thee-wastecapitaloftheworld”.Ithastodealwith1.5million

kilogramsofe-wasteeachyear,fromwhichitmakes75millionyuan.Butitcomesatacost.Many

ofthepoisonsine-wastefindtheirwayintotheenvironment.Plasticisburnedoutdoorsand

chemicalwaterispouredintorivers.Greenpeace,anenvironmentalgroup,hasfoundtheair,the

earthandtheriversinGuiyubadlypolluted.

TheChinesegovernmentwantsthecountrytodevelop,butinawaythatdoesn'tdoharmto

theenvironmentandpeopleyslife.Thisyear,Chinapassedanewenvironmentalprotectionlaw,the

strictestonewehaveever