2023-2024學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)譯林版2020選擇性試題Unit1Period1單元知識(shí)詳解

Unit1FoodmattersPeriod1單元知識(shí)詳解練習(xí)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.Thenbeatthebutterandsugartogetheruntilpaleand____________(奶油色的).2.Thedogquicklylickedthemilkfromthe____________(碟子).3.Thefishistoosmallandtoo____________(咸的).4.Sweeteneddrinkscontainalotof____________(卡路里).5.Itishardtomakeaprofitfeedingobesepeopleatan“allyoucaneat”____________(自助餐).6.Thesmellisveryfamiliartoeveryonewholivesneara____________(面包房).7.Don’tforgettomarkthedateonthe____________(包裝紙)!8.Asmallbabyhasno____________(概念)ofrightandwrong.9.Hestoodonthe____________(邊緣)ofthecliff.10.Michaelisaprofessionallytrained____________(廚師).Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Thesepaintscanbeusedindividuallyorin____________(bine).2.Thepathran____________(gentle)downtothesea.3.Thebookwaspublishedin____________(associate)withBritishHeritage.4.Theyarenowunderagreatdealofpressuretotightentheirairport____________(secure).5.Ilikemy____________(fry)eggswithsoysauce.6.Itwasapictureofan____________(adore)littlegirl.7.Hispersonalwealthis____________(estimate)ataround$100million.8.Thecityisa____________(mix)ofoldandnewbuildings.9.Theonlythingyouwouldendup____________(stimulate)issalesofhomesafes.10.Wemustpromoteoriginality,inspirecreativityandencourage____________(innovate).

Ⅲ.翻譯句子1.Callmewhenyougetthere,nomatterwhatthetimeis.______________________________________2.Itakemytimewakingup,butthenIwashupquickly.______________________________________3.Beforeyouknowit,yourbestfriendisleavingforBeijingnextweek.______________________________________。4.Itdoesmyheartgoodtoseetheoldplacebeingtakencareofsowell.______________________________________5.Sinceherhusbanddied,shehasthrownherselfintoherwork.______________________________________Ⅳ.閱讀理解AIn2015,researchersfromAustralia’sDeakinUniversitypublishedoneofthefirststudiesmeasuringfood’sphysicaleffectonthelefthippocampus(海馬體),aseahorseshapedbrainregioncrucialformemory,learning,anddecisionmaking.ItisalsooneofthefirstareastoshrinkinpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseandotherformsofdementia(癡呆).255peoplefilledoutdietsurveysandthenunderwentMRI(磁共振掃描成像)thatmeasuredtheirbrains.Fouryearslater,theyreturnedforanotherscaninresponsetoarequestfromtheresearchers.Thestudyfoundthatthelefthippocampuswasbiggerandheavierinthehealthyeatersthanintheunhealthyones,regardlessofage,sex,weight,exercisehabits,orgeneralhealth.Thatmeanseatingtherightfoodsandskippingthewrongstuffcouldhelpprotectagainstdeclinesinthinkingandmemorythatleadtodementia.Healthyeatingdoesn’tjustpreventbraindecline.Itraisesscoresonthinkingandmemorytests,accordingtoastudypublishedinMarch2019thattracked2,621Americanwomenandmenfor30years.“Greenleafyvegetableshavegoodeffectsthatmayprotectbothfemalesandmalesagainstcognitive(認(rèn)知的)declineanddementia,”saysleadresearcherClaireMcEvoy,RD,oftheCentreforPublicHealthatQueen’sUniversityBelfastinNorthernIreland.Evenalittlehealthyfoodgoesalongway.Accordingtoa2018RushUniversitystudythattracked960peoplefor4.7years,participantswhoatejust1.3extraservingsofgreenleafyvegetablesadayshowedcognitiveabilitiessimilartothoseofpeople11yearsyounger.Howarethesepowerfoodsworkingwithyourbraincells?AnimalandtesttubeexperimentssuggestthatpoundsinhealthydietshelpnewcellsmakecopiesofDNAwhentheydivideandmultiply.Meanwhile,highfat,highsugarprocessedfoodsharmbraincells.Whilefoodservesasanimportantbrainprotector,expertssaybrainsupplements(補(bǔ)品)aren’tallthateffective.Studiesshowthattheydon’tmakebraincellsactiveinasignificantlypositiveway.“Letthebuyerbecautious,”saysDavidHogan,MD,aspecialistattheUniversityofCalgary.Astudyofnootropics(益智藥)intheNovember2019JournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationrevealedthattheunapproveddrug—piracetam(乙酰胺吡咯烷酮)wasfoundinfouroutoffivebrandstested,atlevelsthatcouldcausesideeffectssuchasdepression.1.Whydidtheresearchershavethe255peoplereturnforanotherMRIscanfouryearslater?A.TotestwhethertheyhadAlzheimer’sdisease.B.Toseewhateffectsdietshadonthelefthippocampus.C.Tostudyhowtheykepthealthyinthefouryears.D.TodeepentheirresearchintoAlzheimer’sdisease.2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.Healthyeatinghelpstoreducetheriskofdementia.B.Unhealthydietisamajorcontributingfactorincognitivedecline.C.Ageandsexhavenothingtodowithourgeneralhealth.D.Plantbaseddietshavegreatereffectsonwomenthanmen.3.WhichofthefollowingwouldDavidHoganmostprobablyagreewith?A.Brainsupplementsareashelpfulashealthydiets.B.We’dbettertakebrainsupplementsforconvenience.C.Weshouldbecarefulwhentakingbrainsupplements.D.Brainsupplementshaveasmanysideeffectsasprocessedfoods.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.YestoGreenLeafyVegetablesB.YestoNootropicsC.NotoIntelligenceD.NotoDementiaBFeelinghungry?Thenwhat’stheeasiestwaytosatisfyyourhunger?Manyofuswillreachforatakeawaymenuandordersomedeliciousbutpossiblyunhealthyfood.Andourincreasinglybusyandstressfullivesaddtoourneedtobuyreadymadefoodonthegoordeliveredtohome.Eatingoptionsareendless,andnewtechnologymeanswecanfeedourdesiresatthepushofabutton.Takeawaydeliveryappsmakeorderingfoodquickandconvenient,andduringtheepidemic,itprovidedalifelinetothosestuckathomewithnothingtocookorwholackedtheskillstoprepareamealforthemselves.It’sestimatedthatintheUKalone,peopleeatthreemilliontakeawaymealsaday,andthethreebiggestdeliveryappstogetherofferachoiceof100dishesfrom60,000restaurants.It’snowonderwearetemptedtoskipthegroceryshopping,bypassthekitchen,andenjoysomethingthatsomeoneelsehasprepared.Butorderingapizza,aspicycurryoraboxofnoodles,caneatapricebothfinanciallyandtoourhealth.Eatingtoomuchprocessedandunhealthyfastfoodhassomeeffectonobesityandtheriskofdevelopingcertaindiseases.Afewyearsago,BBCGoodFoodnationsurveyfoundthatmostpeopleatefastfoodonaveragetwodaysperweek.But,inthe16to20yearoldcategory,oneinsixatefastfoodatleasttwiceaday.Ofcourse,reducingsalt,sugarandfatisonewaytomaketakeawayfoodhealthier,aswellasofferingsmallerportionsizes.Butthebestadviceistofindacookingbookandtrymakingyourownhealthymeal.Andifyouhaven’tgottime,tryorderingahealthieralternativefromthemenu.5.Whathasmadeorderinganddeliveringtakeawayfoodeasy?A.Thefastpacelifestyle.B.Takeawaydeliveryapps.C.Thecoronaviruscrisis.D.Lackofcookingskills.6.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Processedfoodisusuallysoldatalowprice.B.It’sunbelievableforpeopletoenjoyfastfood.C.Fastfooddoeslessharmtothehealthofadults.D.Theyouthconsumefastfoodmorefrequently.7.Accordingtothearticle,howcanyoueatmosthealthily?A.Preparingmealsyourself.B.Eatinginlargerestaurants.C.Eatingtakeawayoccasionally.D.Addingvegetablesandfruit.8.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Thepopularityoftakeaway.B.Thenecessityofcookingathome.C.Theharmcausedbytakeaway.D.Thedilemmatakeawayfaces.Ⅴ.七選五MostAmericansloveChinesefood.However,theChinesefoodservedinmostAmericanrestaurantsisverydifferentfromtheauthenticcuisineenjoyeddailybypeoplelivinginChina.1ThenmanyChineseimmigrantshadtroublelandingajobinAmerica.Tomakealiving,someofthemopenedrestaurants.Overtheseyears,ChinesecuisinehasbeenadaptedtoreflectWesterninfluences.

2TheChinesefoodfoundinWesternrestaurantsismainlycookedthroughfrying.Manydishesarecookedusingvariousfryingmethods.However,traditionalChinesefoodisrarelycookedthroughfrying.Instead,methodssuchasbaking,steaming,boilingandfermenting(發(fā)酵)aremoremonlyused.

AnotherbigdifferencebetweenauthenticandwesternizedChinesefoodistheingredientsused.3Someingredients—likecarrots,onionsandtomatoes—arenotoftenusedinauthenticChinesecooking.Inaddition,whileyoucanfindsomeWesterncuisinesthatusestrangemeats—likepigears—mostWesternculturesareprettyconservativeaboutthemeatstheyconsume.AuthenticChinesefood,incontrast,usesawidervarietyofproteinsources,includingtofu,snake,chickenfeet,duckbloodandmanymorethatWesternersgenerallywouldn’tchoosetoeat.

4SweetandSourChicken,forexample,hasnoequivalent(同等物)intraditionalChinesecuisine.Similarly,thefortunecookieisapletelyAmericaninvention.

Indeed,therearenumerousdifferencesbetweenauthenticandwesternizedChinesecuisine,butWesternpalates(味覺)adapttonewflavorseasily.5

A.ThehistoryofwesternizedChinesefoodstartedinthemid1800s.B.WesternizedChinesefoodfeaturesvegetablesthataremoninWesterncuisines.C.TherearesomanyregionsofChina,andtheyallpreparetheirdishesalittlebitdifferently.D.SoitmayonlybeamatteroftimebeforeauthenticChinesefoodbeespopularinAmerica.E.ManyofthemostpopularChinesedishesintheWestarenotservedinChineserestaurantsatall.F.Deepfryingfoodisquick,whichiswhyyoucanusuallygetyourChinesefoodinjustafewminutes.G.OneofthemaindifferencesbetweenauthenticandwesternizedChinesefoodliesincookingmethods.Ⅵ.語(yǔ)法填空Peoplewillconnecttotheirculturalgroupthroughsimilarfoodpatterns.Immigrantsoftenusefoodas1.meansofkeepingtheiridentity.Peoplefromdifferentbackgroundseatdifferentfood.Theareas2.familiesliveinfluencefoodlikesanddislikes.Fooditemsthemselveshavemeaning3.(attach)tothem.InmanyWesterncountries,aboxofchocolatewouldbeviewedasanappropriategift.Thereceiverofthegiftwouldreact4.(different)toagiftofcabbagesorcarrots.Inothercountries,however,chocolatemightbealessappropriategift.

Nationsorcountriesareoftenlinked5.certainfood.Forexample,manypeoplethinkofItalywheneatingpizza.SomefamiliesintheUnitedStatesprefertoeatmeatandpotatoes.Grits(粗玉米粉)6.(eat)byfamiliesinthesouthernUnitedStates.

7.(region)foodhabitsdoexist,buttheyalsochangeovertime.Familiesmovetootherlocations,8.(bring)theirfoodpreferenceswiththem.Theymayusesomelocal9.(ingredient)totrytheiroldrecipes,orexperimentwithnewrecipes.Becausepeopleandfoodaremobile,tryingtodefineacountry’sculturebywhattheyeatisoften10.(accurate).

Ⅶ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Bobbywasgettingcoldsittingoutinhisbackyardinthesnow.Bobbydidn’twearboots;orrather,hedidn’townany.Thethinsneakersheworehadafewholesinthemandtheydidapoorjobofkeepingoutthecold.Bobbyhadbeeninhisbackyardforaboutanhouralready.Tryashemight,hecouldnoteupwithanideaforhismother’sChristmasgift.Heshookhisheadashethought,“Thisisuseless.EvenifIdoeupwithanidea,Idon’thaveanymoneyforagift.”Wipingtearsfromhiseyes,Bobbystartedwalkingdowntothestreetwheretheshopswere.Itwasn’teasybeingsixwithoutafather,especiallywhenheneededamantotalkto.Bobbywalkedfromshoptoshop,lookingintoeachdecoratedwindow.Everythingseemedsobeautifulbutsooutofreach.ItwasstartingtogetdarkandBobbyreluctantlyturnedtowalkhomewhensuddenlyhiseyescaughttheglimmer(微光)ofthesettingsun’sraysreflectingonsomethingontheroadside.Hereacheddownanddiscoveredashinydime(十分硬幣).NeverbeforehasanyonefeltaswealthyasBobbydidatthatmoment.Asheheldhisnewlyfoundtreasure,warmthspreadthroughouthisentirebodyandhewalkedintothefirststore.Hisexcitementquicklyturnedcoldwhensalespersonaftersalespersontoldhimthathecouldnotbuyanythingwithonlyadime.Hesawaflowershopandwentinsidetowaitinline.Whentheshopowneraskedifhecouldhelphim,Bobbypresentedthedimeandaskedifhecouldbuyoneflowerforhismother’sChristmasgift.TheshopownerlookedatBobbyandhistencentoffering.ThenheputhishandonBobby’sshoulder,saying,“YoujustwaithereandI’llseewhatIcandoforyou.”ThesoundofthedoorclosingasthelastcustomerleftpulledBobbybacktoreality.Allaloneintheshop,Bobbybegantofeellonelyandafraid.注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Eventuallytheshopownercameoutandmovedtothecounter.

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____________________________________________________________________Withthebunchofbeautifulrosesinhishands,Bobbybackedoffandthenturnedandran.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________參考答案Ⅰ.1.Thenbeatthebutterandsugartogetheruntilpaleandcreamy(奶油色的).2.Thedogquicklylickedthemilkfromthesaucer(碟子).3.Thefishistoosmallandtoosalty(咸的).4.Sweeteneddrinkscontainalotofcalories(卡路里).5.Itishardtomakeaprofitfeedingobesepeopleatan“allyoucaneat”buffet(自助餐).6.Thesmellisveryfamiliartoeveryonewholivesnearabakery(面包房).7.Don’tforgettomarkthedateonthewrapper(包裝紙)!8.Asmallbabyhasnoconcept(概念)ofrightandwrong.9.Hestoodontheedge(邊緣)ofthecliff.10.Michaelisaprofessionallytrainedchef(廚師).Ⅱ.1.Thesepaintscanbeusedindividuallyorinbination(bine).2.Thepathrangently(gentle)downtothesea.3.Thebookwaspublishedinassociation(associate)withBritishHeritage.4.Theyarenowunderagreatdealofpressuretotightentheirairportsecurity(secure).5.Ilikemyfried(fry)eggswithsoysauce.6.Itwasapictureofanadorable(adore)littlegirl.7.Hispersonalwealthisestimated(estimate)ataround$100million.8.Thecityisamixture(mix)ofoldandnewbuildings.9.Theonlythingyouwouldendupstimulating(stimulate)issalesofhomesafes.10.Wemustpromoteoriginality,inspirecreativityandencourageinnovation(innovate).

Ⅲ.1.無論什么時(shí)間,你到了那里就給我打。2.我花了一些時(shí)間起床,然后很快地洗漱完畢。3.不知不覺,你最好的朋友下周要?jiǎng)由砣ケ本┝恕?.看到故居被照管得這么好,我心里很高興。5.自從她丈夫去世后,她一直埋頭于自己的工作。Ⅳ.A【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了健康飲食尤其是綠葉蔬菜對(duì)大腦的影響——可以預(yù)防老年癡呆。1.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句可知,他們回來是為了再做一次掃描來給實(shí)驗(yàn)提供數(shù)據(jù),也就是說研究者想看看飲食對(duì)左海馬體有什么影響。故選B。2.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知,吃健康的食物是對(duì)左側(cè)海馬體有積極的影響的,健康的飲食有助于降低患癡呆癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選A。3.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Letthebuyersbecautious可知,我們?cè)诜么竽X補(bǔ)品時(shí)應(yīng)該小心。因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)有些藥可以導(dǎo)致像抑郁癥這樣的副作用的。故選C。4.【解析】選A。標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,本文都在講健康的飲食尤其是綠葉蔬菜對(duì)海馬體的積極影響。故選A。B【文章大意】本文是說明文。外賣遞送應(yīng)用程序使訂購(gòu)和送外賣變得簡(jiǎn)單,加上人們生活忙碌緊張使得外賣食品在人們生活中越來越普遍。但從健康方面考慮,外賣食品存在著弊端。最健康的選擇是自己做飯,如果沒有時(shí)間,就盡量點(diǎn)健康的食物。5.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“外賣遞送應(yīng)用程序讓點(diǎn)餐變得又快又方便”和“這三款最大的送餐應(yīng)用共提供來自6萬家餐廳的100道菜的選擇”可知外賣遞送應(yīng)用程序使訂購(gòu)和送外賣變得簡(jiǎn)單,故選B。6.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知,幾年前,《BBC美食》國(guó)度調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),大多數(shù)人平均每周有兩天吃快餐。但是現(xiàn)在,在16到20歲的人群中,六分之一的人每天至少吃兩次快餐。通過對(duì)比可知現(xiàn)在年輕人吃快餐更頻繁。故選D。7.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butthebestadviceistofindacookingbookandtrymakingyourownhealthymeal.”可知找一本烹飪書,試著自己做健康的飯菜才是最健康的選擇。故選A。8.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。第二段第二句說明了外賣遞送應(yīng)用程序使訂購(gòu)和送外賣變得簡(jiǎn)單,尤其在疫情期間成了部分人的救生索。第三段介紹了常吃外賣食品不健康,但外賣訂餐越來越普遍的現(xiàn)狀。這些說明了外賣食品的兩面性,Thedilemmatakeawayfaces全面概括了文章內(nèi)容。而其他選項(xiàng)均是文章內(nèi)容的某一方面,故選D。Ⅴ.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。中國(guó)菜到了西方以后受到了西方的影響,文章介紹了西化的中國(guó)菜和傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)菜的不同之處。1.【解析】選A。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知,當(dāng)時(shí),許多中國(guó)移民在美國(guó)找不到工作。為了謀生,他們中的一些人開了餐館。這些年來,中國(guó)菜已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了西方的影響。因此,A項(xiàng)(西化的中國(guó)食物的歷史始于19世紀(jì)中期)和下文內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng),inthemid1800s和下文的then相呼應(yīng),westernizedChinesefood和Westerninfluences相呼應(yīng)。2.【解析】選G。根據(jù)下文的TheChinesefoodfoundinWesternrestaurantsismainlycookedthroughfrying.(西餐廳的中餐主要是油炸的)和traditionalChinesefood...Instead,methodssuchasbaking,steaming,boilingandfermentingaremoremonlyused.(中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)食物更常用烘烤、蒸、煮和發(fā)酵等方法。)可知,G項(xiàng)主要說明了正宗中國(guó)菜和西化中國(guó)菜的區(qū)別之一是烹飪方法。G項(xiàng)可以承接下文,且根據(jù)下文的Anotherbigdifference和選項(xiàng)中Oneofthemaindifferences相呼應(yīng)。3.【解析】選B。根據(jù)下文可知,一些配料,如胡蘿卜、洋蔥和西紅柿,在正宗的中國(guó)菜中并不常用。因此,B項(xiàng)中的vegetables和likecarrots,onionsandtomatoes相呼應(yīng),且語(yǔ)義(西化的中國(guó)菜以西餐中常見的蔬菜為特色)承接上下文。4.【解析】選E。根據(jù)下文可知,糖醋雞在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)烹飪中就沒有類似的食物。因此,E項(xiàng)的語(yǔ)義(許多在西方最受歡迎的中國(guó)菜在中國(guó)餐館里根本不存在)可以承接下文,且SweetandSourChicken和themostpopularChinesedishesintheWest相呼應(yīng),arenotserved和hasnoequivalent相呼應(yīng)。5.【解析】選D。根據(jù)前文可知,的確,正宗的中國(guó)菜和西化的中國(guó)菜有很多不同之處,但是西方人的口味很容易適應(yīng)新的口味。因此,D項(xiàng)語(yǔ)義(所以,正宗的中國(guó)菜在美國(guó)流行也許只是時(shí)間問題)與前文是因果關(guān)系。Ⅵ.【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。人們會(huì)把相似的飲食模式與他們的文化群體建立聯(lián)系,但人和食物都是流動(dòng)的,試圖通過人們吃什么來定義一個(gè)國(guó)家的文化往往是不準(zhǔn)確的。1.【解析】a?？疾楣谠~。句意:移民經(jīng)常用食物作為保持他們身份的一種手段。結(jié)合句意表示“作為一種……手段”可知為asameansof...。means首字母是輔音音素。故填a。2.【解析】where?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。句意:家庭居住的地區(qū)會(huì)影響人們對(duì)食物的喜惡。此處為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行