專題二　第3講　形容詞和副詞

語法專題專題二第3講形容詞和副詞單擊此處添加副標題

英語大一輪復習CLICKHERETOADDATITLE內(nèi)容索引考點精講一形容詞和副詞的基本用法考點精講二

形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級考點分層演練語法鏈接寫作<考點精講一形容詞和副詞的基本用法>PART.01Iboughtaninteresting①novelyesterday.Thebookissointeresting②thatIcanhardlyletgoofit.Worried③aboutmystudy，mymothertookitaway.However，Ifoundmymotherabsorbed④init.Mymotherisreadingthenovelattentively⑤nowandsheisquite⑤movedbyit.Obviously⑥，shewon’treturnthebooktomesoon.規(guī)則感悟①修飾名詞，往往用形容詞作定語。②在系動詞之后，往往用形容詞作表語。③表示情緒和精神狀態(tài)的形容詞可以作狀語。④在“感官或使役動詞＋賓語”之后，形容詞可以作賓補，說明賓語的狀態(tài)。⑤副詞可以描述某個動作的情況或者描述動作、行為或狀態(tài)的程度。⑥副詞可以放在句首，作評論性狀語，修飾整個句子。1.形容詞的構詞規(guī)則(1)名詞轉換為形容詞的規(guī)則類別例詞詞尾加-ycloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，wind→windy，salt→salty詞尾加-(e)dgift→gifted，talent→talented，experience→experienced，detail→detailed，age→aged類別例詞詞尾加-ful/-lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless詞尾加-ablecomfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，remark→remarkable，fashion→fashionable，reason→reasonable詞尾加-ousdanger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humor→humorous類別例詞詞尾變-ce為-tabsence→absent，confidence→confident，difference→different，elegance→elegant，persistence→persistent，significance→significant詞尾(去e)加-almusic→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional，profession→professional詞尾去-e加-al或-ialagriculture→agricultural，culture→cultural，globe→global，universe→universal，virtue→virtual，commerce→commercial，finance→financial類別例詞詞尾加-lyfriend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely詞尾加-enwood→wooden，wool→woolen詞尾去-e或-y加-etic/-icathlete→athletic，energy→energetic，scene→scenic，economy→economic，history→historic其他常見變化habit→habitual，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific，medicine→medical，day→daily，influence→influential，south→southern【注意】以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)名詞加后綴-y變成形容詞時，要雙寫該輔音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e結尾的名詞加-y變形容詞時要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。(2)動詞轉換為形容詞的規(guī)則類別例詞詞前加-alive→alive，wake→awake，sleep→asleep詞尾加-ed/-dexcite→excited，educate→educated，relax→relaxed，challenge→challenged，crowd→crowded，balance→balanced詞尾(去e)加-ingsurprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting(2)動詞轉換為形容詞的規(guī)則類別例詞詞尾(去e)加-ableaccept→acceptable，respect→respectable，enjoy→enjoyable，adjust→adjustable，afford→affordable，bear→bearable，suit→suitable，recognize→recognizable詞尾(去e)加-ive/-ative/-itiveact→active，attract→attractive，compare→comparative，compete→competitive，create→creative，impress→impressive，relate→relative，select→selective【注意】以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)名詞加后綴-y變成形容詞時，要雙寫該輔音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e結尾的名詞加-y變形容詞時要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。2.形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則類別例詞(1)一般形容詞變副詞直接在其后加-ly。quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously(2)以輔音字母＋e結尾的形容詞直接加-ly，以元音字母＋e結尾的形容詞去掉e再加-ly。immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly(3)以輔音字母＋le結尾的形容詞要去掉e再加-y。possible→possibly，probable→probably類別例詞(4)以輔音字母＋y結尾的形容詞要變y為i再加-ly。happy→happily，healthy→healthily(5)以ic結尾的形容詞要在其后加-ally。economic→economically，basic→basically(6)以ll結尾的形容詞要在其后加-y。full→fully，dull→dully【注意】下面這兩個單詞是特殊的形式：whole→wholly

public→publicly3.常見的以-ly結尾的形容詞(1)表示時間的形容詞：hourly每小時的；daily每天的；weekly每周的；monthly每月的；yearly每年的；timely及時的，適時的。(2)表示人的形容詞：manly有男子氣概的；womanly女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；fatherly慈父般的；comradely同志般的。(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容詞：lovely可愛的；friendly友好的；ugly難看的；lively活潑的；lonely孤獨的；unfriendly不友好的；kindly親切的；sickly多病的；elderly年長的。(4)表示事物特征、環(huán)境、情況、狀態(tài)的形容詞：likely可能的；orderly整齊的；deadly致命的；chilly寒冷的；disorderly亂七八糟的；unlikely不大可能發(fā)生的。4.如何區(qū)分-ed結尾的形容詞與-ing結尾的形容詞(1)-ing結尾的形容詞主要用于修飾物或事，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，常譯為“令人……的”。(2)-ed結尾的形容詞通常用于說明人的感受，常譯為“感到……的”，也可以修飾事物，多修飾smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(聲音)，look(表情)，expression(表情)等表示人的情緒狀況的名詞。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以非常激動的聲音告訴了我這個消息。5.?？嫉倪B接性副詞though然而，可是；meanwhile在此期間；therefore/thus/consequently因此，所以；moreover/furthermore而且，此外；besides而且，另外，還有；however然而；instead相反，代替；anyway/anyhow盡管，即使這樣；otherwise否則。Theyoungmancouldn’taffordanewcar.Instead，heboughtausedone.那個年輕人買不起新車，便買了一輛二手的。Thehousewastooexpensiveandtoobig.Besides，I’dgrownfondofourlittlerentedhouse.這個房子太貴、太大了。而且，我已經(jīng)越來越喜歡我們租的小屋了。6.意義不同的同根副詞(1)closeadv.不遠地；接近地closelyadv.密切地(2)freeadv.免費地freelyadv.自由地(3)hardadv.努力地hardlyadv.幾乎不(4)lateadv.晚，遲latelyadv.近來(5)mostadv.非常；幾乎，差不多mostlyadv.主要地(6)wideadv.盡可能遠地；充分地widelyadv.廣泛地(7)highadv.高highlyadv.高度地(8)deepadv.深地；在深處deeplyadv.深刻地(9)nearadv.在附近nearlyadv.幾乎1.Theoldpeoplethereweretalkativeandtheytoldustheir____________

(person)storiescheerfully.2.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand

(disappoint).3.I’llneverforgetthe

(amaze)tripIhadinBeijing，ChinaandIhopetogotherenexttimewithmyfriends.4.Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，coldand

(hunger).對點練習personaldisappointedamazinghungry5.Inthestudy，GBSwasusedtoprovidea

(high)efficientwayofdemonstratingquantumcomputationalspeedupinsolvingsometasks.6.Thetitlewillbe

(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.7.

(lucky)，healsohasacowwhichproducesmilkeveryday.8.Iam

(terrible)sorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyouattheappointedtime.對點練習返回highlyofficiallyLuckilyterribly><考點精講二形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級Inmyfamily，mymotheristhethinnest①.Myfatherismuchtaller②thanherandme，butheistwiceasheavyas③mymother，andbecomingfatterandfatter④.Heisquiteworriedbecausethefatter⑤heis，themorelikely⑤heistobeill.規(guī)則感悟①形容詞和副詞變比較級或最高級，一般直接加-er或-est；以e結尾的直接加-r或-st；以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞注意雙寫結尾輔音字母；以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的詞，將y變?yōu)閕再加-er或-est；多音節(jié)詞前面加more或most。兩者或兩部分之間比較，多用比較級；三者或三者以上的比較，可以使用最高級。②比較級常常和than連用，并且可以被much，alittle，abit，even，far，still等詞修飾。規(guī)則感悟③倍數(shù)表達法：·A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級＋than＋B·A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級(＋名詞)＋as＋B·A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B④“adj./adv.比較級＋and＋adj./adv.比較級”表示“越來越……”。⑤“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”表示“越……，就越……”。1.少數(shù)以-er，-ow，-y或-le結尾的雙音節(jié)詞，可以加-er構成比較級，加-est構成最高級。clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowesteasy→easier→easiestsimple→simpler→simplest2.有些形容詞沒有程度可分或其本身就表示某種程度，因此沒有比較級和最高級。這類形容詞有right(正確的)，wrong(錯誤的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(東方的)，last(最后的)等。3.有些形容詞和副詞變比較級或最高級時為不規(guī)則變化，需牢記。good/well→better→bestbad/ill→worse→worstmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastold→older/elder→oldest/eldestfar→farther→farthest(指具體空間上)far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)4.比較級的基本用法(1)同級比較①as＋adj./adv.(原級)＋as...“和……一樣”；notas/so＋adj./adv.(原級)＋as...“不如……”Sincepeoplearefondofhumour，itisaswelcomeinconversationasanywhereelse.因為人們喜歡幽默，所以在談話中或其他任何地方它都是受歡迎的。②當as...as結構中有名詞時，可用以下結構：as＋形容詞原級＋a(n)＋n.＋as...as＋many＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)＋as...as＋much＋不可數(shù)名詞＋as...I’mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomathoroughcleaningandIhaveneverhadastiringadayastoday.今天對房間進行了大掃除之后我非常累，我從來沒有過比今天更累的一天了。(2)比較級比較“形容詞/副詞比較級＋than”表示“兩者中一方比另一方更……”。“l(fā)ess＋形容詞/副詞原級＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。Iknowmysisterbetterthananyoneelse.Onceshehasmadeuphermind，nothingcanchangeit.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定決心，沒有什么能夠改變。5.比較級的特殊用法①“more＋原級＋than＋原級”表示“與其說……不如說……”。

Thegirlwasmorefrightenedthanhurt.與其說這個女孩是受了傷，不如說是受到了驚嚇。②“morethan＋主語＋can＋謂語”表示“非……所能；……不能”。ThebeautyofthecityismorethanIcandescribe.這座城市的美是我所不能描述的。③形容詞比較級前一般不用冠詞，但如果出現(xiàn)表示范圍的短語時，就需要加定冠詞。Ofthetwosisters，Maryisthecleverer.這兩姐妹中，瑪麗更聰明。6.比較級形式表示最高級含義在某個特定范圍內(nèi)，同類事物對比，可用以下比較級結構表示最高級含義。①比較級＋than＋anyother＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)②比較級＋than＋theother＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)③比較級＋than＋anyone/anythingelse④比較級＋than＋anyoftheother＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)⑤“否定詞＋比較級”也可表示最高級含義。ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.Thatis，itislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.中國是亞洲最大的國家。即中國比亞洲其他任何國家都要大。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世間沒有人比你好。Ihaven’treadamoreinterestingnovel.這是我讀過的最有趣的小說了。7.最高級的基本用法(1)形容詞最高級(＋名詞)＋表示范圍的狀語Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我們班最活躍的學生。(2)oneof＋形容詞最高級＋名詞復數(shù)Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.＝Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我國最大的城市之一。(3)序數(shù)詞＋形容詞最高級＋名詞Africaisthesecondlargestcontinentintheworld.非洲是世界上第二大洲。1.The

(much)wedoforthoseinneed，thehappierwe’llbe.2.Roadsafetyhasaroused

(wide)attentionofthepublicthanbefore.3.Duringtheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningofthe20thcentury，BeijingOperafinallyformedandbecamethe

(big)ofalloperasinChina.4.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimes

(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.5.Ihaveseldomseenmymother

pleasedwithmyprogressassheisnow.對點練習morewiderbiggestfasteras/so1.Whenthehousewasbuilt，itwasmuch

(small)thanitistoday.(2021·浙江6月)2.Xiao

long

bao(soupdumplings)，thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot，

(taste)soupandsweet，freshmeat，arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.(2023·新課標Ⅰ)smallertasty3.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir

(fine)work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.(2020·全國Ⅲ)4.Asthesmallboatmoved

(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.(2020·全國Ⅲ)返回finestgently<考點分層演練>PART.01單句語法填空層級一基礎達標練1.LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall

(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.2.Handlethemostimportanttasksfirst，andyou’llfeelarealsenseof____________(achieve).3.Althoughheresearchescloning，his

(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.carrotsachievementintention4.Intheearly

(fifty)，researchersfoundthatpeoplescoredhigheronintelligencetestsiftheyspokemorethanonelanguage.5.Sheisthe

(twelve)tutor，whohascometolookafterhischildrensincetheirmotherdied.6.Theoldmangoestotheparkevery

(three)day，joggingwithhisfellows.7.Butthesuccessfultestdrillingforfireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedfor

(industry)use.層級一基礎達標練fiftiestwelfththirdindustrial8.Theworld’spopulationisincreasingata

(surprise)rateandourenvironmentisfacinggreatpressure.9.Nowadaysit’sthesecond

(large)cityinBulgariaandit’sasignificanteconomic，educationalandculturalcenter.10.Huizhouisfamousforitsstone，woodandbrickcarvings，whichare________(wide)usedinthedecorationoflocalhouses.層級一基礎達標練surprisinglargestwidely單句語法填空層級二高考真題練1.Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures，andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe

(six)century，B.C.Yet，theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday，asRachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.(2023·全國甲)2.

(difference)fromtraditionalfables，Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.(2023·全國甲)sixthDifferent3.However，Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty

(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.(2023·全國甲)4.The

(remark)developmentofthiscity，whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld，meansthereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere，andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.(2023·全國乙)5.NomatterwhereIbuythem，onesteamerbasketis

(rare)enough，yettwoseemsgreedy，andsoIamalwaysleftwantingmorenexttime.(2023·新課標Ⅰ)層級二高考真題練warningremarkablerarely6.Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto

(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas，whichareonloanfromChina.(2023·新課標Ⅱ)7.Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive

(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.(2023·新課標Ⅱ)8.So，whataretheylearning？

(basic)，howtodescribeapanda’slife.(2023·新課標Ⅱ)層級二高考真題練visitinginterviewsBasically9.JohnOlson，aformer

(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.(2022·浙江6月)10.Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore_______________

(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40-dayjourney.(2022·全國甲)層級二高考真題練photographermeaningful語法填空層級三語篇提能練(2023·浙江1月改編)DuringChina’s1.

(dynasty)period，emperorsplannedthecityofBeijingandarrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocial2._______(class).Theterm“hutong”，3.

(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian，appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.dynasticclassesoriginally層級三語篇提能練IntheMingDynasty，thecenterwastheForbiddenCity，surroundedinconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.Citizensofhighersocialclasseswerepermittedtolive4.

(close)tothecenterofthecircles.Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsand5.________

(wealth)businessmenoftenfeatured6.

(beautiful)carvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子).Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly，linedby7._________(space)homesandwalledgardens.Fartherfromthecenterlivedthecommonersandlaborers.Theirsiheyuanwerefarsmallerinscaleand8.___________________(simple)indesignanddecoration，andthehutongswerenarrower.closerwealthybeautifullyspacioussimpler/moresimple層級三語篇提能練Hutongsrepresentanimportant9.

(culture)elementofthecityofBeijing.ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina，almosteveryhutonghasitsstories，andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric10.

(event).Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity，theSummerPalace，andtheTempleofHeaven，thehutongsreflectthecultureofgrassrootsBeijingers.返回culturalevents<語法鏈接寫作>PART.021.形容詞的名詞化表達某些形容詞可以用“beof＋抽象名詞”來表達。例如：beimportant＝beofimportance

bebeneficial＝beofbenefit

bevaluable＝beofvalue

behelpful＝beofhelp

beuseful＝beofuse運用(2022·全國甲)說到海洋，它對世界非常重要，然而，它的污染正變得越來越嚴重。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________典例(2023·天津6月)作為一名來自中國的交換生，我認為不同國家之間的文化交流是非常重要的。

AsanexchangestudentfromChina，Ibelievethatculturalexchangebetweendifferentcountriesisofgreatimportance.Whenitcomestoocean，