2024屆高考英語二輪復習：閱讀理解 練習有答案解析

Passage1

Afewyearsago,whenIwascaringformyseriouslyillfather,Ilostmyvoice.

Atfirst,IjustsoundedhoarsewhenIwashavingdifficultconversationsaboutDad's

condition.Butbeforelong,Icouldn'tevensay“Yesplease“toacupofteawithout

soundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.Afterconsultinganear,nose

andthroatspecialist,IwastoldthatIhadlostmyvoiceduetostress.

We'reallfamiliarwiththemuscletighteningthatcomeswiththebody'snatural

responsetostress.Themusclesinandaroundthevoiceboxarenoexception,anda

longperiodofstresscanleadtolastingdamagetothevocalcords（聲帶）.Perhapsthe

mostobviousthingyoucandotoprotectyourvoiceistogiveitarest.Thatdoesn't

meanyouhavetokeepsilent.Justtrytoavoidplaces,suchasnoisybarsand

restaurants,whereyouhavetospeakuporshouttobeheard,andmovecloserto

peoplesoyoucantalkinyournormalvoice.Whilesomeoftheadviceseemslike

commonsense,thereareafewsurprises.It'simportanttoresisttheurgetocoughor

clearyourthroatbeforeattemptingtospeak,forexample.Coughingpushesthevocal

cordstogetherwithforce,whichcanincreasetheriskoflosingyourvoice.Instead,

expertssuggesttakingafewbigyawns,makingsuretobreathedeeplyfromthe

bottomofyourlungs.Yawninghelpscreatemorespaceinyourthroatandrelaxesthe

muscles.

Whisperingmayseemtheobviouswaytocommunicatewhenyourvoiceis

failing,butformostofus,itcausesmoreproblems.It'sfarbetter,theresearchers

advisetoaimtospeaksoftlyinyournormalvoice.

Interestingly,aUniversityofMissouristudyfoundthatintroverts（內(nèi)向者）are

morelikelytosufferfromspeech-relatedstressreactions,whichaffecttheirvocal

control.Simplytakingadeepbreathbeforeyouspeakcangoalongwaytowards

calmingthenerves,saysstudyleadauthorProfessorMariaDietrich.

InmycaseseekingmoresupportwithDad'scarehelpedmesoundmorelike

myselfandlesslikeMinniewithinweeks.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"hoarse“meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Unabletospeak.

B.Unabletoexpressoneself.

C.(Sounding)sweetandsmooth.

D.(Sounding)roughandunpleasant.

2.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Tointroducethetopic.

B.Tomakethearticleinteresting.

C.Tosharetheauthor'spersonalexperience.

D-Toofferevidencefortheauthor'sargument.

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisagoodwaytoprotectyourvocalcords?

A.Whisperinginanoisyenvironment.

B.Avoidingbigyawnsbeforespeaking.

C.Shorteningthedistancefromothers.

D.Coughingsoftlytomakeyourvoiceclear.

4.Whyisitmorelikelyforintrovertstohavevocalcordproblems?

A.Theyhavedifficultyinvocalcontrol.

B.Theyalwayswhisper,whichmaycausemoreproblems.

C.Theyareprobablyundermorepressurewhenspeaking.

D.Theyalwaysforgettotakeadeepbreathbeforetalking.

Passage2

Wildanimalsarehuman'sfriends,animportantpartofthenaturalecosystem,

andvaluablenaturalresourcesendowed(賦予)bynature.

Indianelephants,asubspeciesofAsianelephants,havebeenconsidered

endangeredsince1986.Thereareonlyanestimated20,000to25,000Indian

elephantsleftinthewild,andtheglobalpopulationisbelievedtobedecreasing.

HabitatlossiswidelyconsideredadirectthreattoIndianelephants.Recent

economicgrowthandsubsequentincreaseddevelopmentinAsiaarethemaincauses

ofthishabitatloss.Fromexpandinghumansettlementsandminingtoconvertingland

toplantationsandinfrastructure基石出建設)，manyactivitiescanblockmigratory

elephantroutesanddrivethemintosmallersub-populations.Whenanimalsareforced

intosmallerpocketsofpopulations,theyrisklosinggeneticdiversityandhavea

higherchanceofdyingfromdiseaseandnaturaldisasters.

InIndia,elephantshavefaceda70%populationdeclineoverthelast60years.

Whenaccountingforclimatechangeprojections,scientistspredictthattheelephant

populationinthecountrycouldloseover40%ofitshabitatby2070.

Aselephantslosetheirhabitatstohumansettlementsanddevelopment,

interactionsbetweenhumansandelephantsalsorise.Elephantpopulations,especially

thoselivingoutsideofprotectedareas,wanderintoagriculturallandsinsearchof

foodandcausecroporpropertyloss.Evenworse,theseimpactsmaycausefarmers

andresidentstoretaliateagainsttheelephantsiftheybelievetheirassetsareindanger.

Poisonorotherdeadlymethodshavebeenused.

AlthoughcountrieslikeIndia,Vietnam,andMyanmarhavecompletelybanned

thecaptureofwildelephantsforanypurpose,illegalhuntingstillhappensinthose

andothernationswhereIndianelephantslive.

CountriesaroundtheworldaretakingactiontoprotectIndianelephants.Inparts

ofMyanmar,teamsofrangersworktoprotectandco-managewildelephant

populationswiththeWildlifeConservationSociety.TheyusetheSpatialMonitoring

andReportingTool(SMART),ageographicinformationsystems-basedsoftwareto

systematicallycollect,manage,analyze,andreportdatacollectedfromforests.With

SMART,parkmanagerscandeployrangersstrategicallyinhotpotsforillegalhunting

orotherillegalactivities,manageefforts,andorganizeresources.

5.WhatistheimmediatecauseofthedeclineofIndianelephant'snumber?

A.Thegrowthofeconomy.

B.Thelossoftheirhabitat.

C.Thechangeoftheclimate.

D.Theincreaseofillegalhunting.

6.WhatdothefiguresinParagraph4show?

A.Themainchangeofecosystem.

B.ThemainfeaturesofIndianelephants.

C.TheproblemscausedbyIndianelephants.

D-TheseverityofIndianelephants*situation.

7.HowdoestheSMARTwork?

A.Bycompletelypreventinghunting.

B.Bycollectingandreportingdatacollectedfromforests.

C.ByfoundingtheWildlifeConservationSociety.

D.Bycountingthepopulationofwildlife.

8.What'sthepurposeofthistext?

A.ToadvertiseforIndianelephants.

B-ToattracttouriststowatchIndianelephants.

C.ToappealtopeopletoprotectIndianelephants.

D-TointroduceSpatialMonitoringandReportingTool.

Passage3

Whydowechoosetohelponeanother?Therearemanyreasons.Youmaybea

selflesspersonorlendingahandmaybeaculturalexpectation.

Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderful

ingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.Indeedthe

bettersleepyouhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.Andasurprising

newsetofresearchstudieshavefoundthatsleeplossmayaffectourgenerosityat

differentlevels.

ResearchersatUniversityofCalifornia,Berkley,ledthreesmallstudiesto

exploregenerosity.Inonestudy,theyexposedagroupofhealthyadultstoanightof8

hoursofsleepandanightwithnosleep.Researchersscannedtheparticipants1brains

aftereachnight.Afterasleeplessnight,areasofthebraininvolvedinempathyand

helpingbehaviorwerelessactive.Infact,whenthestudyparticipantsweresleepless

atnight,78%ofthemdemonstratedareductioninthedesiretohelpothers.

Inthenextstudy,researcherstracked136peoplethroughonlinequestionnaires

andsleepdiariesforafewdays.Theywantedtoseeifnightlyvariationsinsleep

affectedtheirdesiretohelpothers.Theyfoundthat,whensleepqualityworsened

fromonenighttothenext,therewasamajordecreasein"helpingchoices“andvice

versa.

Thethirdstudylookedathowsleeplossaffectedgenerosityonalargerscale.

Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromover3millioncharitabledonationsmadeinthe

U.S..TheyfocusedondonationsduringthetransitiontoDaylightSavingTime(DST)

inspringeachyear.Duringthespringtimechange,weloseanhourofsleep.

Interestingly,researchersfounda10%dropindonationsinregionsthatchange

theirclocks.Thisdropwasn'tseeninregionsthatdidn'tobservethetimechange.It

showedthatinsufficientsleeptriggeredbythetimechangeimpacteddonation

behavior.

Alltheseresultssuggestthatinsufficientsleepmakesuslesscompassionateand

helpful.Throughouttheworld,morethanhalfofadultsdon'tgetenoughsleepduring

theworkweek,butweshouldallstartvaluingadequatesleepratherthantreatingit

likesomethingoptionalorunproductive.Ifso,itwillenableustobemorehelpfuland

tobethebestversionsofourselves.

9.Whafsthewritingpurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Tostartaheateddiscussion.

B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.

C.Topresentasocialphenomenon.

D.Toshowtheauthor'sconclusion.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"alacrity“meaninthesecondparagraph?

A.Understanding.B.Ability.

C.Awareness.D.Eagerness.

11.Whatcanweinferfromthethreestudies?

A.PeopleobservingDSTarelikelytodonateless.

B.Peoplechangetheirclockstohavemoreempathy.

C.Sleepqualitydeterminesthedesiretogiveahand.

D.Sleeplosscanseverelyaffecthelpingbehavior.

12.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A?SleepTriggersBehavior

B?AdequateSleep:AHealthyPerson

C-SleepInfluencesGenerosity

D-SoundSleep:AProductivePerson

Passage4

Myson'sseventhbirthdayisapproaching,soconversationatmyhousehas

naturallyturnedtoorganizinghisparty.

Forhissixthbirthday,webookedthelocaltrampoline（蹦床）park.Thisworked

outwell.Butthewholeeventcostushundredsofpounds.Thisyear,Pmtryingto

convincehimthatthedinosaur-themedparkdowntheroadoffersjustasmuch

fun一andyoudon'tevenneedtowearspecialsocks!Thiswillbecheaper,becausewe

aren'trequiredtohireaspace-wecansimplybuyticketsforhismates.

ButIstillkeepponderingoveronething-partybags.Whyshouldabunchof

seven-year-olds,whohavealreadybeentreatedtoadayoutandamountainofsugar,

alsobehandedabagfullofpound-shopgiftsforsimplybotheringtoshowup?

Partybagsareanenvironmentaldisaster.Ireckonmysonattends20partiesper

year,andateachpartythereare20kidsinattendance,whichmeans400plasticbags

intotal.Withinthese400bagsareperhaps800plastictoys,almostallofwhichfall

apartonthejourneyhomeandthengetbinnedinstantly.Thewasteisshocking,and

Idon'twanttobepartofit.

Iknowtherearesomepartybagalternatives:onecoupleIknowcoveredatable

withMr.Menbooksandgotthekidstochooseoneeach.Atanotherparty,Isawthe

hostsfillabucketwithsofttoysandcrumplednewspaper,anddoaluckydip（抽獎）.

Admirableefforts.

Evenifthatisanicetry,andevenifthecontentsinthepartybagsdon'tfallapart,

sowhat?Willourgueststhinkmorehighlyofourchildbecauseofthepartybags

fromourparty?Willmychild'sabilitytomakeandkeepfriendsbeimproved?

Well,thetraditionforkid'spartybagsendswithme,anditendshere,anditends

now.Who'swithme?

13.Whydoestheauthorrecommendthedinosaur-themedpark?

A.Becauseit'smoreenjoyable.

B.Becauseitprovidessocks.

C?Becauseitcanreducecost.

D.Becauseitoffersfreetickets.

14.Whatmaybeputinpartybags?

A.Giftsbroughtbyguests.

B.Giftspreparedbyhosts.

C.Giftsdistributedbyparks.

D?Giftadonatedbycharities.

15.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardspartybags?

A.Intolerant.B.Objective.

C.Favorable.D.Indifferent.

16.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"getbinned^^meaninParagraph4?

A.Berecycled.B.Berepaired.

C.Bethrownaway.D.Begivenaway.

Passage5

Onesummermidnight,standingoutsideawoodenhouseinMichigan'sUpper

Peninsula,Ilookedup.Thesightofthousandsofstarswasalmostenoughtomakeme,

anon-believer,offerawordofgratitudeupintothestar-filledsky.Buttowhom?

PerhapstoJohanEklof,authorofTheDarknessManifesto.

Abatscientist,EklofworksinthenightshadowsinwesternSweden.Hiswork

requiresanabsolutekindofdarknessunpollutedbylight.Butthiscategoryof

darknessisthreatened.Inthe1980s,Ekloftellsreaders,two-thirdsofthechurchesin

Swedenhousedbatcaves.Notanylonger."Today,thisnumberhasbeenreducedbya

thirdduetolightpollution,becausethechurchesallglowbrightlyinthenight."he

writes.

Wehaveallnoticeditwhendrivingthroughanycityatnight.Emptyplacesare

floodlit.ThenightskyinHongKongis1,200timesbrighterthananunlitone.

Citizensofsomelargecities,writesEklof,haveneverallowedtheireyestoadaptto

truenightvision.Butweareonlynowbeginningtounderstandtheeffects.

Toomuchlightisincrediblydestructivetothecomplexeco-systemsmany

animalsinhabit.ItscaresawaythebatsthatEklofstudies;reeffisheggsgounhatched;

birdsforgettoevensing.

Sohowcanwedealwiththetoomuchlight?In2019,Francepassedlaws

limitinghowmuchlightcanbesentintothesky.InVienna,Austria,thecity'slights

areturnedoffat11p.m.Somemeasures,likeartificiallightsthatdonotreflectlight

upward,arealreadywithinourgrasp."Wecouldjustturnitalloff,butIguesswe

don'twantto,becausedarknessisnotsafeforeveryone."saidEklofinarecent

interview.taSoifsvitalwefindamiddleway.”

Rightnow,it'shardtoknowwhatthatmiddlewaymightlooklike.In50years,

everycitycouldbelitbyenvironmentallylow-impactlights,orwemighthave

completelyforgottenwhatdarknessis-theskyfilledwithlittlemoons.

17.WhatdoweknowaboutEklofswork?

A.Itreduceslightpollution.

B-Itfocusesonstarsandsky.

C.Itstrengthenspeople'sbelief.

D-Itrequiresaspecificcondition.

18.Whatcanreplacetheunderlined"it"inmeaninginParagraph3?

A.Darkness.B.Anunlitcity.

C.Floodlighting.D.Thenightsky.

19.WhatareParagraphs4and5mainlyaboutregardinglightpollution?

A.Causeanddamage.

B.Effectandsolution.

C.Consequenceanddisadvantage.

D.Analysisandpotential.

20.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardlightingmanagement?

A.Balanced.B.Negative.

C.Unclear.D.Conservative.

Passage6

Formuchofhumanhistory,ethical（道德的）behaviorhasbeenguidedbythe

GoldenRule:dotoothersasyouwouldhavethemdotoyou.Buttheruleisimperfect.

Whatyouwantinagivensituationmaynotbewhatanotherpersondesiresatall.

Inthemedicalfield,makingorinfluencingchoicesforotherscanmakeallthe

difference.Suchchoicesimpactpeople'squalityoflifeandeventheirchancesof

survival.Ashealthcarebecomesmoreindividualized,thetimeseemsrightforanew

ethicalguideline-the"platinum（白金）rule^^proposedbyprofessorHarveyMax

Chochinov:dotoothersastheywouldwantdonetothemselves.

Chochinovdescribesthisprincipleinhisessaypublishedlastyear.Hebegins

withastoryaboutahealthcrisisaffectinghissisterEllen,whowasseverelydisabled.

Thecaredoctor,afterseeinghertwisted（扭曲的）body,wasweighingwhetherto

insertabreathingtubewhenheaskedChochinovastrangequestion:DidEllenread

magazines?”Thequestionwasfrightening."Chochinovwrites,“thiswasnotan

attempttogettoknowEllen...butratherawaytodecideifherswasalifeworth

saving."Ellenreadwidelyandenjoyedmanysimplepleasuresoflife,butthegap

betweenherlifeasapersonwhousesawheelchairandthedoctor'ssenseofwhathe

wouldwantinhersituationwastoovasttobebridgedbytheGoldenRule."That's

whenjudgingfromwhereyoustandwhatanothermightneedorwantbeginstobreak

down,“Chochinovexplained.

Timeisalimitedresourceinthehealth-caresystem,andthere'snodenyingthat

gettingtoknowapatientasanindividualmeansinvestingadditionalminutesorhours.

Still,Chochinovbelievessuchinvestmentiscost-effective.Therearebenefitsfor

doctorsaswell."Whentheyemotionallyconnecttotheirpatients,theydoabetter

job.”

Incertaincases,doctorsmayfindithardtoapplytheplatinumrule.Butthereis

valueintheeffort:attheveryleast,theirtryingtoworkthroughitwillensurethat

theyhavesufficientmodestyaboutthewisdomoftheirchoices.

21.Whyistheplatinumruleintroducedtothemedicalfield?

A.Tostrengthenethicalbehaviorintreatment.

B.Tohelpdoctorsacquireaccurateinformation.

C.Toincreasechancesofsurvivalforpatients.

D.Tomakeperson-centeredcareaccessibletopatients.

22.WhatcanwelearnfromEllen'sstory?

A.Ahealthcrisiscausedherdisability.

B.Thedoctorwascuriousaboutherhobby.

C.Thedoctorgavelittlethoughttoherneeds.

D.Herbrothersanghighpraisesforthetreatment.

23.WhichstatementmightChochinovagreewith?

A.Healthcaresystemneedsinvesting.

B.Timeputintoknowingapatientisrewarding.

C.Trustbetweendoctorsandpatientsisimportant.

D.Emotionalconnectiontopatientsbringsjobburnout.

24.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheplatinumrule?

A.Objective.B.Favorable.

C.Careful.D.Unclear.

Passage1

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。作者通過一次失聲的經(jīng)歷，講述如何保

護嗓子。

1.答案與解析:D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前面一句中的“...Ilostmyvoice.”

以及下文的“...soundinglikeanunusuallybreathlessMinnieMouse.”可推斷，作者的

聲音變得沙啞難聽。故選D。

2.答案與解析：A推理判斷題。文章主要講述了保護嗓子的方法。作者

用自己的一段親身經(jīng)歷開頭，目的是為了引出文章的主體部分。故選A。

3.答案與解析：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...andmoveclosertopeople

soyoucantalkinyournormalvoice.”可知，可以通過縮短與談話人的距離來降低

說話的音量，從而達到保護嗓子的目的。故選C。

4.答案與解析:C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"...introverts（內(nèi)向者）are

morelikelytosufferfromspeech-relatedstressreactions,whichaffecttheirvocal

control.”可知，內(nèi)向者跟人聊天時內(nèi)心壓力更大，聲帶受壓力影響，更容易損壞。

故選C。

Passage2

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹印度象瀕臨滅絕，各國正

在積極采取措施保護印度象。

5.答案與解析：B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"Habitatlossiswidely

consideredadirectthreattoIndianelephants.”可知，印度象數(shù)量下降的直接原因是

它們棲息地的喪失。故選B。

6.答案與解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“InIndia,elephantshavefaced

a70%populationdeclineoverthelast60years.Whenaccountingforclimatechange

projections,scientistspredictthattheelephantpopulationinthecountrycouldlose

over40%ofitshabitatby2070.”可推斷，作者用數(shù)據(jù)表明印度象處境艱難。

7.答案與解析：B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句"TheyusetheSpatial

MonitoringandReportingTool(SMART),ageographicinformationsystems-based

softwaretosystematicallycollect,manage,analyze,andreportdatacollectedfrom

forests.”可知，SMART是一種軟件，是通過收集和報告從森林收集的數(shù)據(jù)來工作

的。

8.答案與解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"Countriesaroundthe

worldaretakingactiontoprotectIndianelephants.”及全文可知，作者寫這篇文章是

為了呼吁大家保護印度象。

Passage3

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了睡眠與人們幫助他人的

行為有關(guān)。事實上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。

9.答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whydowechoosetohelpone

another?Therearemanyreasons.Youmaybeaselflesspersonorlendingahandmay

beaculturalexpectation.”可知，第一段提出了我們可能幫助別人的原因，第二段

“Now,researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderful

ingredientthatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.”指出一項

研究表明，良好的睡眠有助于人類去幫助別人，這是文章的主題，由此可推知，

第一段的寫作目的是引出文章話題，故選B。

10.答案與解析：D詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞下文“Indeedthebettersleep

youhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand."可知，你睡得越好，你就越愿

意伸出援手。換言之，良好的睡眠促使人們樂意去幫助別人，由此可推知，畫線

單詞"alacrity"意為"樂意",故選D。

11.答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Theyfocusedon

donationsduringthetransitiontoDaylightSavingTime(DST)inspringeachyear.

Duringthespringtimechange,weloseanhourofsleep.”和倒數(shù)第二段中

"Interestingly,researchersfounda10%dropindonationsinregionsthatchangetheir

clocks.”可推知，用夏時制的人們可能會捐贈較少。故選A。

12.答案與解析：C主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中“Now,

researchersareraisingthepossibilitythatgoodsleepmaybeawonderfulingredient

thatpromotesthealacritytoofferhelpbetweenhumanbeings.Indeedthebettersleep

youhave,themorewillingyouwillbetolendahand.”可知，文章主要講述了睡眠與

人們幫助他人的行為有關(guān)。事實上，你睡得越好，你就越愿意伸出援手。故選Co

Passage4

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者兒子的七歲生日快到了，作者

打算今年在路邊的恐龍主題公園為兒子過生日，因為這會節(jié)省很多錢，同時作者

認為由主人給參加聚會的孩子準備的派對包是一種浪費，作者堅決抵制。

13.答案與解析：C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Butthewholeeventcostus

hundredsofpounds....Thiswillbecheaper,becausewearen'trequiredtohirea

space一wecansimplybuyticketsforhismates.”可知，作者推薦恐龍主題公園的原

因是它可以降低成本，故選C。

14.答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whyshouldabunchof

seven-year-olds,whohavealreadybeentreatedtoadayoutandamountainofsugar,

alsobehandedabagfullofpound-shopgiftsforsimplybotheringtoshowup?”和第

四段中“Ireckonmysonattends20parti