2024年高考英語(yǔ)一模試題分類匯編：概要寫作（上海專用）（解析版）

專題08柢要寫作

(一)

(2024年楊浦區(qū)區(qū)一模)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinno

morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

IgnoringYourBiggestRegrets

Regrets,peopleoftenfeel,aretobeavoided.Mistakesmaybeunavoidable,buttheyshouldbekepttoa

minimum.Andwhentheydooccur,thebestcourseofactionistoignorethemasinevitablestepsonourjourney.

Thatseemslogical,atleastuntilyouconsiderthatoneofthecriteriaformentalillnessisaninabilitytofeelregret.

AsauthorKathrynSchulzargues,4tIfyouwanttobefullyfunctional,andfullyhuman,andfullyhumane,Ithink

youneedtolearntolivenotwithoutregret,butwithCounterintuitively,sheandotherexpertsarguefeeling

regretisessentialforlivingyourbestlife.Nooneissaying,ofcourse,thatgettingtrappedinyourpastmistakesis

agoodidea.Butneitherisa“noregretsandneverlookback“mentality.

Regretforcesustoengageinareflectiveanalysistounderstandwhywethoughtoractedthewaywedidand

makesustrythingsdifferentlyinthefuture.Ifyoukeeptellingyourself"noregrets/5thenlearningisn'tgoingto

happen.Besides,hidingfromregretdoesn'tmakeithurtless.Actiondoes.Action,recentresearchshows,isthe

bestwaytomakeregrethurtless.Soifyou'retroubledbyyourfailuretotravelwhenyouwereyoung,science

suggestsyouconsciouslyplananadventuroustripnowthatyou'reolderandwiser.Upsetaboutabroken

friendship?Acttotrytorepairit.

Acknowledgingourmistakes,ratherthanignoringthem,remindsusthatwearevaluableandworthydespite

ourfaults.Thatsortofacceptanceisthebasisbothofrealself-confidenceandoftruekindness.AsSchulzsums

upinhertalk:"Regretdoesn'tremindusthatwedidbadly.Itremindsusweknowwecandobetter.9,

【答案】

Reference:01

Contrarytopopularbeliefthatregretsshouldbeignored,AuthorSchulzpointsoutthatfeelingregretis

crucialforahappylife.Regretmakesusreflectuponpastaction,makinglearningpossible.Besides,actionrather

thanhidingfromregretsmakesusfeellesspain(ful).Tosumup,regretisaremindertellingusthatwecanbe

better.[57]

Reference:02

Thearticlearguesthatregret,althoughoftenavoided,isanessentialpartoflivingafulfillinglife.Ignoring

mistakesandregretspreventslearning,growth,andself-improvement,whereasacknowledgingandreflectingon

pastregretscanleadtopersonaldevelopment.Insteadofavoidingregret,itissuggestedthatindividualsshould

takeactiontoremedytheirpastmistakesandworktowardsabetterfuture.Ultimately,regretisareminderofour

potentialforimprovementandself-growth.

原文文本結(jié)構(gòu)：

原文結(jié)構(gòu)分為引言、作者觀點(diǎn)闡述和觀點(diǎn)論證三部分。在引言部分，文章提到人們通常認(rèn)為避免后悔是理

想的，但作者提出反駁。接著作者闡述了自己的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為后悔是人類生活中不可或缺的部分，是促進(jìn)個(gè)

人成長(zhǎng)和改善的動(dòng)力。最后，作者通過(guò)論證和舉例，說(shuō)明了接納并反思過(guò)去的錯(cuò)誤和后悔之情對(duì)于個(gè)人發(fā)

展的重要性。

概要寫作框架：

1.引言：介紹人們通常對(duì)待后悔的態(tài)度

2.主體：闡述作者觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為后悔對(duì)于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)至關(guān)重要

3.論證：舉例說(shuō)明后悔可以促進(jìn)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，呼吁人們應(yīng)主動(dòng)面對(duì)并解決后悔

4.結(jié)論：總結(jié)后悔對(duì)于促進(jìn)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的積極作用

(2024年黃浦區(qū)一模)

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomore

than60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Whycompaniesarehiring'promptengineers9?

WiththenewgenerativeAItools,likeChatGPT,anyonecanputinaprompt-typeinafewwordsandgeta

result.Butthatdoesn'tmeanthattheresultswillberelevantoraccurate.

Thekeyisputtingintherightprompt.Thafswhysomebusinessesarenowhiringpromptengineers一

peoplewiththeskills,backgroundandpracticetotalktoso-calledlarge-languageAIsystemseffectively——and

whymanypeopleexpectpromptengineeringtobeadesirableskillformanykindsofworkerstoaddtotheir

resumes.

Ingeneral,themoredetailedtherequest,theclosertheresponsewillcometowhattheuserislookingfor.

Butthemosteffectivepromptengineeringgoesbeyondaddingdetail.

Foronething,addingtherightdetailtogetthebestresponseiscrucial.Also,therearemanywaystoguide

howanAIsystempresentstheinformationitfinds,dependingonthegoal-tellingittowriteinacertainstyleor

foracertainaudience,forinstance.Eachtoolalsohasparticularcapabilitiesandlimitationsthatuserscanlearnto

tackle.AndthebestresultsoftencomefromanextendedconversationwiththeAI,reactingtowhatitproduces

andaskingforrefinements.

Evenforpeopleapplyingtojobsthatdon'tclearlymentionpromptengineering,havingthisskillcould

becomeessentialforallsortsofroles.ArtdirectorscouldusegenerativeAItooutlineideas,andmarketerscould

useittodevelopnewslogans.Softwareengineerscoulduseittofindproblemswiththeircode.Lawyerscould

useittoresearchapieceoflaw.Thisisgoingtobeafoundationalskillthatallofusneedtoknow.Thethrough

lineiswhenyoulearnanewskill,youcantakeitinanydirectionyoulike.

71.

【參考答案01】

ArightpromptcanensureasatisfyingresultfromgenerativeAItools,socompaniesarehiringprompt

engineers.Besidesdetails,ifsimportanttotellthesystemhowtopresenttheinformationaccordingtoyourgoal,

tohandlethesystem'scapabilitiesandlimitationsandimprovetheresultthroughcommunication.Prompt

engineeringisanessentialskillacrossmultipleindustries.(57words)

【參考答案02]

Companiesarehiringpromptengineerswhohavetheskillsandpracticetoeffectivelycommunicatewith

large-languageAIsystems.Promptengineeringinvolvesprovidingdetailedandprecisepromptstogenerate

relevantandaccurateresponses.Thisskillisbecomingdesirableforvariousjobroles,asitcanbeappliedinfields

suchasartdirection,marketing,softwareengineering,andlawresearch.（58words）

原文文本結(jié)構(gòu)：

Introduction:談?wù)撔碌纳葾I工具，指出輸入正確的提示是關(guān)鍵。

HiringPromptEngineers:解釋一些公司正在雇傭promptengineers,并解釋他們的作用。

EffectivePromptEngineering:討論有效的提示工程如何超越添加細(xì)節(jié)。

ApplicationsofPromptEngineering:概述了promptengineering技能在不同領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用。

Conclusion:總結(jié)了promptengineering技能的重要性以及學(xué)習(xí)新技能的好處。

概要寫作框架：

引言：簡(jiǎn)述新的生成AI工具和如何使用它們。

“Promptengineering”是什么：定義promptengineering并解釋其重要性。

有效的提示工程：討論如何編寫適當(dāng)?shù)奶崾?，以獲得準(zhǔn)確的響應(yīng)，包括指導(dǎo)AI系統(tǒng)呈現(xiàn)信息的方式和通

過(guò)與系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行交互來(lái)優(yōu)化輸出。

應(yīng)用：列舉promptengineering技能在不同領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用。

結(jié)論：總結(jié)promptengineering技能的價(jià)值，以及學(xué)習(xí)新技能的益處。

（三）

（2024年長(zhǎng)寧區(qū)一模）

71.Theproblemofrobocallshasbecomesobadthatwerefusetopickupcallsfromnumberswedon't

know.Nearlyhalfofthecallswereceivearescams（欺詐）.We'verealizedtheseverityoftheproblemby

supportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgetting

through.Unfortunately,ifstoolittle.Bythetimethese"solutions“becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhave

movedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it'snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwill

beindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingisactuallyreal.

Thafsbecausetherearemanypowerfulvoicemanipulation（處理）technologiestobeavailable.Acompany

showedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproduceaconvincinghuman-soundingvoiceabletospeaktoa

receptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.

Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthat

robocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatadisclosureofpersonal

informationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'sname,andfarmore.Armedwith

thisknowledge,they'reabletocheatthetargetedpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyou

fromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouwithavoicesoundingexactlylikeyourbankteller's,

misleadingyouto“confirm“youraddressandcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbethe

worsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.

Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.

Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedto

worktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopinga

uniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadebyorabandoningphonecalls

altogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications-usingappslikeWeChatandAlipay,whichcanbe

tiedtoyouridentity.

例文1:

Robocallproblemsbecomemoreseverewiththedevelopmentofvoicemanipulationtechnologies.The

disclosureofpersonalinformationenablesscammerstocheatindividualsandbusinesseseasily,andmanypeople

havebecomevictims.Thus,toavoidbeingcheated,moresecuretelecomnetworksareneededtoprevent

scammers.Stopusingphonesandusedata-basedcommunicationstiedtoidentityinstead.(56words)

例文2：

Robocalls,withalmosthalfbeingscams,poseaseriousproblem.Despiteeffortstopreventscammersfrom

gettingthrough,newvoicemanipulationtechnologiesaremakingtheissueworse.Scammers'precisioninusing

personalinformationforcheatingisaconcern.Telecomnetworksneedtoestablishwaystoverifyauthenticity,

possiblythroughmarkingvideosandimagesorshiftingtodata-basedcommunications.

原文的結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下幾個(gè)部分：

引言部分：介紹了騷擾電話(robocalls)成為嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題的現(xiàn)狀，以及當(dāng)前工具和方法對(duì)抗騷擾電話的不足。

聲音操縱技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)：討論了強(qiáng)大的聲音操縱技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，并給出了一個(gè)例子，展示了這種技術(shù)可以通過(guò)

模仿真實(shí)聲音來(lái)欺騙人們。

騷擾電話問(wèn)題的加?。航忉屃蓑}擾電話之所以成為頭疼問(wèn)題與其說(shuō)是數(shù)量，不如說(shuō)是精確性有關(guān)。通過(guò)大

量泄露個(gè)人信息，騙子能夠輕易獲得個(gè)人信息，進(jìn)而詐騙目標(biāo)人員。

影響與應(yīng)對(duì)措施：指出聲音操縱技術(shù)可能會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化騷擾電話問(wèn)題，并提出需要解決電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不安全

性。建議電信運(yùn)營(yíng)商和用戶共同努力，采用標(biāo)記視頻和圖像的統(tǒng)一方式，或者轉(zhuǎn)向基于數(shù)據(jù)的通信。

概要寫作思路：

該文章旨在探討騷擾電話問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性以及新興聲音操縱技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)可能讓問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)重。文章提到騷擾

電話問(wèn)題的核心是精確性，騙子能夠利用大量泄露的個(gè)人信息欺騙人們。為應(yīng)對(duì)這一問(wèn)題，建議電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)

采用標(biāo)記視頻和圖像的統(tǒng)一方式，或者轉(zhuǎn)向基于數(shù)據(jù)的通信。概括而言，文章呼吁加強(qiáng)對(duì)電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全

性以解決騷擾電話問(wèn)題。

（四）

（2024年徐匯區(qū)一模）

Therearemanyreasonswhysomecatsarebad-tempered;theirtemperamentcanbeinfluencedbytheir

upbringingortheyaresimplybornthatway.However,eventhesweetest,mostaffectionatecatscansuddenly

becomebad-temperedandbehaveoutofcharacter.AccordingtoveterinarianDrKatrinaWarren,theproblemcan

generallybesolved,butyou'llneedtolookforunderlyingissues.

Changesinacafsbehaviourcanoftenbeexplainedbyahealthproblem.Paincancausecatstobehavevery

differently,andifseasytomistakeaproblemasbehavioural,wheninfactitismedical.Shouldyouobservea

significantchangeinyourcafsbehaviour,thenavisittothevetisthebestplacetostart?Watchoutforchangesin

eating,drinkingorlitter-boxhabits.Alsohidingandavoidingbeingtouched.Besuretoreportallchangestoyour

vet.Therearemanycathealthproblemsthatcanbereadilytreatedtoeasesymptomsandpainforyourcat.

Itpaystorememberthatcatsdon'tliketoshareorqueue.Sharingof"resources9suchaslittertraysand

foodbowlscancausestressandanxietyformanycats.Ifsalwaysagoodideatoprovideeachcatwiththeirown

litterbox,food,waterbowlsandbedasaminimum.Onelitterboxforeachcatplusaspareisevenbetter,asare

multiplesleepingspotsandextrascratchingposts.Alackofspacetohidefromoravoidothercats,competition

forterritoryandlackofindividualattentioncanalsoaddtohouseholdfriction.Ifyourcatisfeelinganxious,

offeringitanelevatedplacetosit,suchasaclimbingtree,canbehelpful.

Movingtoanewhouse,thearrivalofanewbaby,newpetsandothertypesofchangecanseriouslyimpact

catbehaviour.Catsarecreaturesofhabitandtendtobeterritorial,soachangeinroutinemaycausethemtoreact

inanumberofways,includingwithdrawaloraggression.Trytokeepyourcafsenvironmentascalmaspossible

andmakesurethereareplaceswheretheyfeelsafe.Sometimesconfiningthemtoasingleroomwithalitterbox,

beddingandhomecomfortscanhelpthemtosettle.

Somecatssimplydonotlikebeingtouchedandhandled.Theseareoftencatsthatreceivedlimited

socialisationwithhumanswhentheywerekittens.Thesecatsdobestinaquiethouseholdwithoutchildrenand

needunderstandingandpatiencetohelpbuildtheirconfidence.

參考答案1：

Cats9temperamentislinkedtotheirupbringingorinnatetraits.Healthissuesmayalsoaffectbehavior,requiring

vetattention.Stressfromsharingresourceslikelittertraysishighlighted,suggestingindividualessentials.

Environmentalchanges,likemovingorhavingnewcomers,canimpactcats,urgingacalmenvironment.Catsnot

likingtouchmightstemfromlimitedsocialization,needingpatienceinquiethomes.

參考答案2：

Cats*temperamentscanchangeduetohealth,lackofspaceorresources,environment,andsocialization.Avet

visitisnecessaryforsignificantbehaviorchanges.Providingindividualresources,suchaslitterboxes,foodbowls,

andbeds,alongwithscratchingpostsandperches,canreducestress.Patienceandunderstandingareessentialfor

catsuncomfortablewithtouch.

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這篇文章主要討論了一些貓咪脾氣不好的原因，包括養(yǎng)育方式和天生個(gè)性等。然而，即使是最溫

柔、最親人的貓咪也可能突然變得脾氣暴躁，行為變得異常。文章指出，這個(gè)問(wèn)題通常可以解決，但需要

尋找潛在問(wèn)題。貓咪行為的改變通常可以通過(guò)健康問(wèn)題來(lái)解釋，疼痛可能導(dǎo)致貓咪表現(xiàn)出截然不同的行為，

很容易把問(wèn)題誤認(rèn)為是行為問(wèn)題，而實(shí)際上是醫(yī)療問(wèn)題。如果觀察到貓咪行為的顯著變化，最好先去看獸

醫(yī)。此外，文章還提到了其他導(dǎo)致貓咪脾氣不好的原因，如資源共享、環(huán)境變化和社交不足。為每只貓咪

提供獨(dú)立的砂盆、飲食碗、床以及額外的抓板和高處可以減少競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和壓力。對(duì)于那些不喜歡被摸和處理的

貓咪，需要給予理解和耐心，幫助建立它們的自信心。

寫作框架可以按照以下結(jié)構(gòu)展開(kāi)：

第一段：引言

簡(jiǎn)要介紹文章主題：貓咪脾氣不好的原因

提及養(yǎng)育方式和天生個(gè)性對(duì)貓咪脾氣的影響

第二段：健康問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致行為改變

解釋疼痛對(duì)貓咪行為的影響

強(qiáng)調(diào)需要將行為問(wèn)題與潛在的醫(yī)療問(wèn)題區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)

建議如有明顯變化，及時(shí)就醫(yī)

第三段：資源共享和環(huán)境變化導(dǎo)致脾氣不好

提及資源共享引發(fā)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和壓力

強(qiáng)調(diào)提供每只貓咪獨(dú)立的物品，如砂盆、飲食碗和床

引用提供額外的抓板和高處來(lái)減少焦慮感

第四段：社交不足和個(gè)別貓咪性格

提及社交不足對(duì)貓咪脾氣的影響

介紹個(gè)別貓咪不喜歡被摸和處理的情況

強(qiáng)調(diào)給予理解和耐心，幫助建立自信心

第五段：總結(jié)

總結(jié)主要觀點(diǎn)：貓咪脾氣不好的原因及解決方法

強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性：及時(shí)尋求獸醫(yī)幫助、提供個(gè)體化資源和環(huán)境、理解和耐心對(duì)待

注意，以上僅為一個(gè)寫作框架，具體內(nèi)容可以按照自己的寫作風(fēng)格和表達(dá)方式進(jìn)行展開(kāi)和調(diào)整。

（五）

（2024年閔行區(qū)一模）

EmotionalPreparedness:ManagingLife'sChallenges

Expectingtheworsttoavoidfeelingbadlaterisknownas“bracing”.Itmayhelppeoplepreparefor

emotionallychallengingsituations,particularlyinthemomentsbeforethesesituationsoccur.Peoplebraceforthe

worstwhilewaitingforpotentiallynegativeoutcomes.Someonemightalsobracefortheworstinanticipationof

stressfuleventslikegivingapresentationatwork.

Somepsychologicaltheoriessuggestthatbracingshouldhelp.Forexample,"decisionaffecttheory"

proposesthathowwefeelaboutasituationisdeterminedpartlybycomparingwhatactuallyhappenedwithwhat

couldhavehappened.Basedonthis,peopleshouldbehappywhenaneventgoesbeyondtheirexpectations,and

disappointedwhenaneventfallsbehind.Therefore,byanticipatingtheworst,onecansafeguardthemselves

againstfuturedisappointment,becauseanyresultwilllikelysurpass(優(yōu)于)expectations.

However,otherpsychologicaltheorieschallengetheideathatbracingwillbehelpful.Ithasbeentheorized

andscientificallyestablished-thatexpectationscanpowerfullyinfluencereality.Therearetwokeywaysthat

expectationscanshapereality.First,peoplemaybehaveinwaysthatfitwiththeirexpectations.Ifyouexpectto

failanupcomingtestorinterview,thenyoumightnotinvesteffortsinpreparation,whichinturnreducesyour

chancesofdoingwell.Second,peoplemayinterpretasituationinlinewiththeirexpectations.Imagineyou

believeyouareinsufficientlyqualifiedforajobyou'veappliedfor.Duringthejobinterview,you'relikelyto

interpretblankexpressionsfromtheinterviewerinlinewiththisbelief,whichcouldnegativelyaffectyour

performance.Infact,theinterviewerdidnotwanttogiveanythingaway.

Drawingtogetherthescientificstudies,itseemsthatexpectingtheworstisnotawisewaytopreparefor

upcomingnewsorresults.

(Forreferenceonly)

Onepossibleversion01:

“Bracing“involvesanticipatingtheworsttoprepareforemotionalchallenges.Psychologicaltheories,suchas

decisionaffecttheory,proposeitsbenefitsinmanagingexpectations.However,othertheoriescautionthat

expectationscannegativelyshapereality,influencingbehaviorandinterpretation.Scientificstudiessuggest

holdingpositiveexpectationsmaybewiserthanalwaysbracingfortheworst.

Onepossibleversion02:

Theconceptof"bracing"involvesanticipatingnegativeoutcomestoemotionallyprepareforchallenging

situations.Whilesomepsychologicaltheoriesarguethatbracingcanhelpbysurpassingexpectationsandavoiding

disappointment,otherssuggestthatexpectationscanshaperealityindetrimentalways.Scientificstudiesindicate

thatexpectingtheworstisnotaneffectivestrategyforpreparingforupcomingnewsorresults.Instead,holding

positiveexpectationsmaybeawiserapproachtomanaginglife'schallenges.

原文文本結(jié)構(gòu)分為三個(gè)部分：

引言：介紹了“應(yīng)對(duì)困境”的概念，以及在情感上為挑戰(zhàn)性情況做好準(zhǔn)備的目的。

心理學(xué)理論：討論了兩種相反的心理學(xué)理論對(duì)于“應(yīng)對(duì)困境”的有效性的觀點(diǎn)。第一種理論認(rèn)為，通過(guò)超越

期望，應(yīng)對(duì)困境可以帶來(lái)好處；而第二種理論則認(rèn)為，期望可以以消極的方式塑造現(xiàn)實(shí)。

結(jié)論：總結(jié)了科學(xué)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，表明預(yù)期最壞的結(jié)果并不是一種有效的策略來(lái)準(zhǔn)備即將到來(lái)的消息或結(jié)果。

Theoriginaltextisstructuredinthreeparts:

Introduction:Introducestheconceptof"bracing"anditspurposeinemotionallypreparingforchallenging

situations.

PsychologicalTheories:Discussestwocontrastingpsychologicaltheoriesontheeffectivenessofbracing.Thefirst

theorysuggeststhatbracingcanbebeneficialbysurpassingexpectations,whilethesecondtheoryarguesthat

expectationscanshaperealityinnegativeways.

Conclusion:Summarizesthefindingsofscientificstudies,whichindicatethatexpectingtheworstisnotan

effectivestrategyforpreparingforupcomingnewsorresults.

概要寫作框架：

引言：

定義“應(yīng)對(duì)困境”為預(yù)期最壞的結(jié)果，以準(zhǔn)備情感上的挑戰(zhàn)性情況。

提及其在為負(fù)面結(jié)果做準(zhǔn)備方面的潛在好處。

心理學(xué)理論：

解釋支持“應(yīng)對(duì)困境”的第一種理論（決策影響理論），該理論認(rèn)為通過(guò)管理期望和避免失望來(lái)幫助人們應(yīng)對(duì)

困境。

提出挑戰(zhàn)“應(yīng)對(duì)困境”有效性的第二種理論，強(qiáng)調(diào)期望可能以消極的方式塑造行為和解釋。

結(jié)論：

總結(jié)科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，預(yù)期最壞的結(jié)果不是應(yīng)對(duì)即將到來(lái)的消息或結(jié)果的明智策略。

提議保持積極期望可能是更好的管理生活挑戰(zhàn)的策略。

SummaryWritingFramework:

Introduction:

Define"bracing"asanticipatingtheworsttoprepareforemotionallychallengingsituations.

Mentionitspotentialbenefitsinpreparationfornegativeoutcomes.

PsychologicalTheories:

Explainthefirsttheory（decisionaffecttheory）thatsupportsbracingbyproposingthatithelpsinmanaging

expectationsandavoidingdisappointment.

Presentthesecondtheorythatchallengestheeffectivenessofbracing,highlightinghowexpectationscan

negativelyshapebehaviorandinterpretation.

Conclusion:

Summarizethescientificstudies*findingsthatexpectingtheworstisnotawiseapproachtoprepareforupcoming

newsorresults.

Suggestthatholdingpositiveexpectationsmaybeabetterstrategytomanagelife'schallenges.

（六）

（2024年虹口區(qū)一模）

WillPlant-basedProteinContinuetobeanAppetizerinFoodWorld?

Agoodveganmilkneedstolooklikemilkandtastelikemilk,whetherit'safattyversion,preferredbybakers,

oraskimmedone,favoredbythehealth-conscious.Foryears,manufacturersofplant-basedproteinhavehad

troublehackingthisdelicateimitationgameanditseemsthattheyarewinningbackabit.Theglobalrevenues（4攵

益）fromalternativeproteinscouldreach$290billionby2035andthatisacautiousestimate.However,canitlast?

Unlikethoseearlyproducts,whichwereneitherterriblytastynorparticularlynutritious,cleaver（朵!1肉刀）

processingimprovestextures,additivesboosttasteandapinchofspeciallyengineeredpeasandbeansaddsnutrient

inthelatestproducts.Still,ultra-processedsubstitutesseldommatchanimalproteinsinnutritionalvalue.Animal

products,includingmilk,arebetterforchildren'sbonedevelopment,thoughlab-grownversionsofmeatordairy

arebecomingmorenutritious.Meanwhile,green-mindedconsumersarerealizingthatplant-baseddoesnot

necessarilymeansustainableinthatitstilltakesalottoobtainrawmaterials.Farmingalmonds（杏仁）tomakea

milk-likedrink,forexample,useshugequantitiesofwater.

Plant-basedproteinsarealsoatoughsellingiantmarketslikeIndia,wheredietsarealreadyrichinplantsand

vegetables,orNigera,wheremeat-eatingisasignofwealth.Thatlimitstheirglobalappeal.

Allthesesuggeststhatalternativeproteinshavefartogotoreplacetheanimalkind.Thelimitationsmaybe

weighingonthefirmsinvolved.Oatly'smarketvaluehasfallenbyabout80%sinceitslisting,partlybecauseof

productiondifficulties.ThatofBeyondMeat,whoseburgersfeatureinMcDonald'slatestmenu,isdownby90%

fromitspeak.Plant-basedfoodsmaynolongerbeonlyanappetizerindiets,buttheirmakerremainoneinfood

business.

【答案】

Theboomingplant-basedproteinindustryfaceschallenges.Plant-basedmeatcanneverbeasnutritiousas

animal-producedprotein.Besides,itsmanufacturingprocessisnotthatsustainable,forcultivatingplantsisresource

consuming.Itssalemayalsomeetsetbacksinsomecountriesduetotheirdietaryhabits.Thisuncertaintyis

reflectedinthedecliningmarketvaluesofrelevantenterprises.

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。植物蛋白質(zhì)作為替代動(dòng)物蛋白質(zhì)的產(chǎn)品在近年來(lái)逐漸受到關(guān)注，但其在營(yíng)養(yǎng)

價(jià)值、口感等方面仍有待提高。盡管在一些市場(chǎng)上取得了成功，但在像印度和尼日利亞這樣的市場(chǎng)中，對(duì)

植物蛋白質(zhì)的需求相對(duì)較低，限制了其全球市場(chǎng)的擴(kuò)展。因此，植物蛋白質(zhì)雖然已經(jīng)不再只是餐飲市場(chǎng)的

一個(gè)附屬，但其生產(chǎn)商仍需要在食品行業(yè)中努力擺脫小眾地位。

【詳解】1要點(diǎn)摘錄

①Foryears,manufacturersofplant-basedproteinhavehadtroublehackingthisdelicateimitationgameandit

seemsthattheyarewinningbackabit.

②Still,ultra-processedsubstitutesseldommatchanimalproteinsinnutritionalvalue.

?Meanwhile,green-mindedconsumersarerealizingthatplant-baseddoesnotnecessarilymeansustainableinthat

itstilltakesalottoobtainrawmaterials.

?Plant-basedproteinsarealsoatoughsellingiantmarketslikeIndia,wheredietsarealreadyrichinplantsand

vegetables,orNigera,wheremeat-eatingisasignofwealth.Thatlimitstheirglobalappeal.

⑤Thelimitationsmaybeweighingonthefirmsinvolved.Oatly5smarketvaluehasfallenbyabout80%sinceits

listing,partlybecauseofproductiondifficulties.ThatofBeyondMeat,whoseburgersfeatureinMcDonald?slatest

menu,isdownby90%fromitspeak.

2.縝密構(gòu)思

將第1、5兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重組，將第2、3、4三個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行整合。

3.遣詞造句

Theboomingplantproteinindustryisfacingchallenges.

Plant-basedmeatcanneverhavethesamenutritionalvalueasanimal-producedprotein.

Inaddition,itsmanufacturingprocessisnotsustainablebecausegrowingplantsconsumesresources.

Salesmayalsoencountersetbacksduetothedietaryhabitsofsomecountries.

Thisuncertaintyisreflectedinthedecliningmarketvalueofrelatedcompanies.

【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]Itssalemayalsomeetsetbacksinsomecountriesduetotheirdietaryhabits.句中包含介

詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，表達(dá)高級(jí)。

[高分句型2]Thisuncertaintyisreflectedinthedecliningmarketvaluesofrelevantenterprises.句中包含一般現(xiàn)

在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)以及介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，表達(dá)非常高級(jí)。

（七）

（2024年松江區(qū)一模）

WhyShouldWeReadLiteraryClassics?

Manyhavegrownuponahealthydietofliteraryclassics.Someliteraryclassicshavebeeninspiringreadersin

manyways.Inthisageoffast-turners,howdoesinvestingourtimeinatimelessliteraryclassicchangeusforthe

better?

Manyliteraryclassicsfromyesteryear,whichgotlittleornosuccesswhenpublished,areconsidered

invaluable.Thesebooksofferawindowthroughwhichwecanexperiencehistoriesrootedindifferentcultures.One

canalwaysask,“Butwecandosobyreadingourhistorybookstoo.Whydoweneedtoreadclassics?^^Thesimple

answeristhattheseliteraryclassicsarenotjustaretellingofhistory.Theyallowustohaveamoreindividualized

experience,wheretheyshowusotherwaystolookathistory.

Itiscommonknowledgethatreadingasahabithelpsusimproveourcommandofthelanguage.Butliterary

classicshaveanedge:theenrichingwritingstyleissomethingthatsetsthemapart.Fascinatedwiththeamazing

wordingandphrasing,we911surelypauseandwonderaboutwhatweread.Forinstance,whenwereadShakespeare,

wenaturallybegintoconsiderhowtobetterexpressourideasjustlikehisfar-reaching"Havemorethanyoushow;

speaklessthanyouknow.”

Onemorebenefitisthatafterreadingclassics,wewon'tseenon-classicsasjustotherstories:we'llbecome

interestedinthem.Maybewe'llrealizethatsomedetailsweignoredlasttimeareactuallyworthappreciating,or

we'lldiscoverliterarydevicesthatbringawholenewmeaningtothestory.Literaryclassicsofferusmore

perspectivestodigdeepandenhanceourabilitytothinkandreason,whichwillinevitablyspilloverintoourreading

ofotherworks.Wefinallyfallinlovewithnon-classicsaswell.

【答案】

WhyShouldWeReadLiteraryClassics?

Readingliteraryclassicsbenefitsusalot.Firstly,Itoffersusindividualizedwaysofexperiencinghistory.secondly,

itimprovesourwritingabilitybyencouragingustothinkovertheirexpressionsandlearntoexpressourideasinthat

way.Besides,we'lllovetoreadnon-classicsbecausereadingclassicsenableustothinkandreasondeeplyfrom

diverseperspective.

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇議論文。閱讀文學(xué)名著使我們受益匪淺。首先，它為我們提供了個(gè)性化的體驗(yàn)歷史的方

式。其次，它通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)我們思考他們的表達(dá)并學(xué)會(huì)用這種方式表達(dá)我們的想法來(lái)提高我們的寫作能力。此

外，我們會(huì)喜歡閱讀非經(jīng)典作品，因?yàn)殚喿x經(jīng)典作品可以讓我們從不同的角度進(jìn)行深入的思考和推理。

【詳解】1.要點(diǎn)摘錄：

l.Inthisageoffast-turners,howdoesinvestingourtimeinatimelessliteraryclassicchangeusforthebetter?

2.Thesimpleansweristhattheseliteraryclassicsarenotjustaretellingofhistory.Theyallowustohaveamore

individualizedexperience,wheretheyshowusotherwaystolookathistory.

3.Butliteraryclassicshaveanedge:theenrichingwritingstyleissomethingthatsetsthemapart.

4.Literaryclassicsofferusmoreperspectivestodigdeepandenhanceourabilitytothinkandreason,whichwill

inevitablyspilloverintoourreadingofotherworks.

2.縝密構(gòu)思:

將1、2、3、4分別進(jìn)行總結(jié)概述。

3.遣詞造句:

Readingliteraryclassicsbenefitsusalot.

Firstly,Itoffersusindividualizedwaysofexperiencinghistory.

secondly,itimprovesourwritingabilitybyencouragingustothinkovertheirexpressionsandlearntoexpressour

ideasinthatway.

Besides,we'lllovetoreadnon-classicsbecausereadingclassicsenableustothinkandreasondeeplyfromdiverse

perspective.

【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型11secondly,itimprovesourwritingabilitybyencouragingustothinkovertheirexpressions

andlearntoexpressourideasinthatway.（運(yùn)用了動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。）