2021年考研《英語(yǔ)(二)》考試真題及答案解析【完整版】

2021年考研《英語(yǔ)（二）》考試真題及答案解析【完整版】SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)It'snotdifficulttosettargetsforstaff.Itismuchharder,_____(1),tounderstandtheirnegativeconsequences.Mostwork-relatedbehaviorshavemultiplecomponents._____(2)oneandtheothersbecomedistorted.TravelonaLondonbusandyou'll_____(3)seehowthisworkswithdrivers.Watchpeoplegetonandshowtheirtickets.Aretheycarefullyinspected?Never.Dopeoplegetonwithoutpaying?Ofcourse!Arethereinspectorsto_____(4)thatpeoplehavepaid?Possibly,butveryfew.Andpeoplewhorunforthebus?Theyare_____(5).Howaboutjumpinglights?Busesdosoalmostasfrequentlyascyclists.Why?Becausethetargetis_____(6).Peoplecomplainedthatbuseswerelateandinfrequent._____(7),thenumberofbusesandbuslaneswereincreased,anddriverswere_____(8)orpunishedaccordingtothetimetheytook.Anddrivershitthesetargets.Butthey_____(9)hitcyclists.Ifthetargetwaschangedto_____(10),youwouldhavemoreinspectorsandmoresensitivepricing.Ifthecriterionchangedtosafety,youwouldgetmore_____(11)driverswhoobeyedtrafficlaws.Butboththesecriteriawouldbeattheexpenseoftime.Thereisanother_____(12)peoplebecameimmenselyinventiveinhittingtargets.Haveyou_____(13)thatyoucanleaveonaflightbutstillarriveontime?Tailwinds?Ofcoursenot!Airlineshavesimplychangedthetimea_____(14)ismeanttotake.Aone-hourflightisnowballadasatwo-hourflight.The_____(15)ofthestoryissimple.Mostjobsaremultidimensional,withmultiplecriteria.Chooseonecriterionandyoumaywell_____(16)others.EverythingCanbedonefasterandmadecheaper,butthereisa_____(17).Settingtargetscananddoeshaveunforeseennegativeconsequences.Thisisnotanargumentagainsttarget-setting.Butitisanargumentforexploringconsequencesfirst.Allgoodtargetsshouldhavemultiplecriteria_____(18)criticalfactorssuchastime,money,qualityandcustomerfeedback.Thetrickisnotonlyto_____(19)justoneoreventwodimensionsoftheobjective,butalsotounderstandhowtohelppeoplebetter_____(20)theobjective.1.【題干】1._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.thereforeB.howeverC.againD.moreover【答案】B2.【題干】2._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.EmphasizeB.IdentifyC.AssessD.Explain【答案】A3.【題干】3._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.nearlyB.curiouslyC.eagerlyD.quickly【答案】D4.【題干】4._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.claimB.proveC.cheekD.recall【答案】C5.【題干】5._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.threatenedB.ignoredC.mockedD.blamed【答案】B6.【題干】6._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.punctualityB.hospitalityC.competitionD.innovation【答案】A7.【題干】7._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.YetB.SoC.BesidesD.Still【答案】B8.【題干】8._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.hiredB.trainedC.rewardedD.grouped【答案】C9.【題干】9._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.onlyB.ratherC.onceD.also【答案】D10.【題干】10._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.comfortB.revenueC.efficiencyD.security【答案】B11.【題干】11._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.friendlyB.quietC.cautiousD.diligent【答案】C12.【題干】12._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.purposeB.problemC.prejudiceD.policy【答案】B13.【題干】13._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.interestingB.revealedC.admittedD.noticed【答案】D14.【題干】14._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.breakB.tripC.departureD.transfer【答案】B15.【題干】15._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.moralB.backgroundC.styleD.form【答案】A16.【題干】16._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.interpretB.criticizeC.sacrificeD.tolerate【答案】C17.【題干】17._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.taskB.secretC.productD.cost【答案】D18.【題干】18._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.leadingtoB.callingforC.relatingtoD.accountingfor【答案】C19.【題干】19._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.specifyB.predictC.restoreD.create【答案】A20.【題干】20._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.modifyB.reviewC.presentD.achieve【答案】DSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Reskillingissomethingthatsoundslikeabuzzwordbutisactuallyarequirementifweplantohaveafuturewherealotofwould-beworkersdonotgetleftbehind.Weknowwearemovingintoaperiodwherethejobsindemandwillchangerapidly,aswilltherequirementsofthejobsthatremain.ResearchbytheWEFdetailedintheHarvardBusinessReview,findsthatonaverage42percentofthe"coreskill"withinjobroleswillchangeby2022.Thatisaveryshorttimeline,sowecanonlyimaginewhatthechangeswillbefurtherinthefuture.Thequestionofwhoshouldpayforreskillingisathornyone.Forindividualcompanies,thetemptationisalwaystoletgoofworkerswhoseskillsarenolongerdemandandreplacethemwiththosewhoseskillsare.Thatdoesnotalwayshappen.AT&Tisoftengivenasthegoldstandardofacompanywhodecidedtodoamassivereskillingprogramratherthangowithafire-and-hirestrategyultimatelyretraining18,000employees.Prepandemic,othercompaniesincludingAmazonandDisneyhadalsopledgedtocreatetheirownplans.Whentheskillsmismatchisinthebroadereconomythough,thefocususuallyturnstogovernmenttohandle.EffortsinCanadaandelsewherehavebeenarguablylanguidatbest,andhavegivenusasituationwherewefrequentlyhearofemployersbeggingforworkersevenattimesandinregionswhereunemploymentishigh.Withthepandemic,unemploymentisveryhighindeed.InFebruary,at3.5percentand5.5percentrespectively,unemploymentratesinCanadaandtheUnitedStateswereatgenerationallowsandworkershortageswereeverywhere.AsofMay,thoserateshadspikedupto13.3percentand13.7percent,andalthoughmanyworkershortageshaddisappeared,notallhaddoneso.Inthemedicalfield,totakeanobviousexamplethepandemicmeantthattherewerestillclearshortagesofdoctors,nursesandothermedicalpersonnel.Ofcourse,itisnotlikeyoucantakeanunemployedwaiterandtrainhimtobedoctorinfewweeks,nomatterwhopaysforit.Butevenifyoucannotclosethatgap,maybeyoucancloseothers,anddoingsowouldbetothebenefitofallconcerned.ThatseemstobethecaseinSweden,wherethepandemickick-startedaretrainingprogramwherebusinessaswellasgovernmenthadarole.ReskillinginthiswaywouldbechallenginginaNorthAmericancontext.Youcaneasilyimaginechorusof"can'tdothat"becauseteachersornursesorwhoeverhavespecialskills,andusinganysupportwhohasbeenquicklytrainedisboundtoendindisaster,Maybe.OrmaybeitissomethingthatcanworkwellinSweden,withitshistoryofco-operationbetweenbusinesses,laborandgovernment,butnotinNorthAmericawhereourhistoryisverydifferent.Thenagain,maybeitisakintowartime,whenextraordinarythingstakeplacebutitisbusinessasusualafterthefact.Andyet,asinwarthepandemicisteachingusthatmanythings,includingrapidreskilling,canbedoneifthereisawilltodothem.Inanycase.Sweden'sworkforceisnowmoreskilled,inmorethings,andmoreflexiblethanitwasbefore.Ofcourse,reskillingprograms,whetherforpandemicneedsorthepostpandemicworld,areexpensiveandatatimewheneveryone'sbudgetsareleanthismaynotbethetimetoimplementthem.Thenagain,extendingincomesupportprogramstogetusthroughthenextmonthsisexpensive,too,tosaynothingofthecostofhavingaswathoflong-termunemployedinthePOST-COVIDyearsgiventhat,perhapsweshouldthinkhardaboutwhetherthepandemiccanjump-startustoaplacewherereskillingbecomesmuchmorethanabuzzword.21.【題干】ResearchbytheWorldEconomicForumsuggests_____【選項(xiàng)】A.anincreaseinfull-timeemploymentB.anurgentdemandfornewjobskillsC.asteadygrowthofjobopportunitiesD.acontroversyaboutthe"coreskills"【答案】B22.【題干】AT&Tiscitedtoshow_____【選項(xiàng)】A.analternativetothefire-and-hirestrategyB.animmediateneedforgovernmentsupportC.theimportanceofstaffappraisalstandardsD.thecharacteristicsofreskillingprogram【答案】A23.【題干】EffortstoresolvetheskillsmismatchinCanada_____【選項(xiàng)】A.havedrivenuplaborcostsB.haveprovedtobeinconsistentC.havemetwithfierceoppositionD.haveappearedtobeinsufficient【答案】D24.【題干】WecanlearnfromParagraph3thattherewas_____.【選項(xiàng)】A.acallforpolicyadjustment.B.achangeinhiringpractices.C.alackofmedicalworkers.D.asignofeconomicrecovery.【答案】C25.【題干】ScandinavianAirlinesdecidedto_____.【選項(xiàng)】A.Greatjobvacanciesfortheunemployed.B.Preparetheirlaid-offworkersforotherjobs.C.Retraintheircabinstaffforbetterservices.D.financetheirstaff'scollegeeducation.【答案】BWiththeglobalpopulationpredictedtohitcloseto10billionby2050,andforecaststhatagriculturalproductioninoneregionswillneedtonearlydoubletokeeppace,foodsecurityisincreasinglymakingheadlinesIntheUK,ithasbecomeabigtalkingpointrecentlytoo,foraratherparticularreason:Brexit.BrexitisseenbysomeasanopportunitytoreversearecenttrendtowardstheUKimportingfood.Thecountryproducesonlyabout60percentofthefooditeats,downfromalmostthree-quartersinthelate1980s.Amovebacktoself-sufficiency,theargumentgoes,wouldboostthefarmingindustry,politicalsovereigntyandeventhenationshealth,Soundsgreatbuthowfeasibleisthisvision?AccordingtoareportonUKfoodproductionfromtheUniversityofLeeds,UK,85percentofthecountry'stotallandareaisassociatedwithmeatanddairyproduction.Thatsupplies80percentofwhatisconsumed,soevencoveringthewholecountryinlivestockfarmswouldn'tallowustocoverallourmeatanddairyneeds.Therearemanycaveatstothosefigures,buttheyarestillgrave.Tobecomemuchmoreself-sufficient.TheUKwouldneedtodrasticallyreduceitsconsumptionofanimalfoods,andprobablyalsofarmmoreintensivelymeaningfewergreenfieldsandmorefactorystyleproduction.Butswitchingtoamainlyplant-baseddietwouldn'thelp.ThereisagoodreasonwhytheUKisdominatedbyanimalhusbandry,mostofitsterraindoesn'thavetherightsoilorclimatetogrowcropsoncommercialbasis.Just25percentofthecountry'slandissuitableforcrop-growing,mostofwhichisalreadyoccupiedbyarablefields.Evenifweconvertedallthesuitablelandtofieldsoffruitandvegetablewhichwouldinvolvetakingoutallthenaturereservesandremovingthousandsofpeoplefromtheirhomes-wewouldachieveonlya30percentboostincropproduction.Just23percentofthefruitandvegetablesconsumedintheUKarecurrentlyhome-grown,soevenwiththemostextrememeasureswecouldmeetonly30percentofourfreshproduceneeds.Thatisbeforewelookforthespacetogrowthegrains,sugars,seedsandoilsthatprovideuswiththevastbulkofourcurrentcalorieintake.26.【題干】Somepeoplearguethatfoodself-sufficiencyintheUKwould_____.【選項(xiàng)】A.abehinderedbyitspopulationgrowthB.contributetothenationswell-beingC.becomeapriorityofthegovernmentD.postachallengetoitsfarmingindustry【答案】D27.【題干】ThereportbytheUniversityofLeedsshowedthatintheUK_____.【選項(xiàng)】A.farmlandhasbeeninefficientlyutilisedB.factorystyleproductionneedsreformingC.mostlandisusedformeatanddairyproductionD.moregreenfieldswillbeconvertedforfarming【答案】C28.【題干】Crop-growingintheUKisrestricteddueto_____.【選項(xiàng)】A.itsfarmingtechnologyB.itsdietarytraditionC.itsnaturalconditionsD.itscommercialinterests【答案】C29.【題干】ItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatBritishpeople_____.【選項(xiàng)】A.relylargelyonimportsforfreshproduceB.enjoyasteadyriseinfruitconsumptionC.areseekingeffectivewaystocutcalorieintakeD.aretryingtogrownewvarietiesofgrains【答案】A30.【題干】Theauthor'sattitudetofoodself-efficiencyintheUKis_____.【選項(xiàng)】A.defensiveB.doubtfulC.tolerantD.optimistic【答案】BWhenMicrosoftboughttaskmanagementapp.WunerlistandmobilecalendarSunrisein2015,itpickeduptwonewcomersthatwereattractingconsiderablebuzzinSiliconValley.Microsoft'ownOfficedominatesthemarketfor"productivity"software,butthestart-upsrepresentedanewwaveoftechnologydesignedfromthegroundupforthesmartphoneworld.Bothapps,however,werelaterscrapped,afterMicrosoftsaidithadusedtheirbestfeaturesinitsownproducts.Theirteamsofengineersstayedon,makingthemtwoofthemany"acqui-hires"thatthebiggestcompanieshaveusedtofeedtheirinsatiablehungerfortechtalent.ToMicrosoft'scritics,thefatesofWunderlistandSunriseareexamplesofaremorselessdrivebyBigTechtochewupanyinnovativecompaniesthatlieintheirpath."Theyboughttheseedlingsandclosedthemdown,"complainedPaulAmold,apartneratSanFrancisco-basedSwitchVentures,puttingpaidtobusinessesthatmightonedaytumintocompetitors.Microsoftdeclinedtocomment.Likeotherstart-upinvestors,MrAmold'sownbusinessoftendependsonsellingstart-upstolargertechcompanies,thoughheadmitstomixedfeelingsabouttheresult:"Ithinkthesethingsaregoodforme,ifIputmyselfishhaton.ButaretheygoodfortheAmericaneconomy?Idon'tknow."TheUSFederalTradeCommissionsaysitwantstofindtheanswertothatquestion.Thisweek,itaskedthefivemostvaluableUStechcompaniesforinformationabouttheirmanysmallacquisitionsoverthepastdecade.Althoughonlyaresearchprojectatthisstage,therequesthasraisedtheprospectofregulatorswadingintoearly-stagetechmarketsthatuntilnowhavebeenbeyondtheirreach.Giventheircombinedmarketvalueofmorethan$5.5tm,riflingthroughsuchsmalldeals-manyofthemmuchlessprominentthanWunderlistandSunrise-mightseembesidethepoint.Betweenthem,thefivecompanies(Apple,Microsoft,Google,AmazonandFacebook)havespentanaverageofonly$3.4billionayearonsub-$1billionacquisitionsoverthepastfiveyears-adropintheoceancomparedwiththeirmassivefinancialreserves,andthemorethan$130billionofventurecapitalthatwasinvestedintheUSlastyear.However,criticssaythebigcompaniesusesuchdealstobuytheirmostthreateningpotentialcompetitorsbeforetheirbusinesseshaveachancetogainmomentum,insomecasesaspartofa“buyandkill”tactictosimplyclosethemdown.31.【題干】WhatistrueaboutWunderlistandSunriseaftertheiracquisitions?【選項(xiàng)】A.Theirengineerswereretained.B.Theirmarketvaluesdeclined.C.Theirtechfeaturesimproved.D.Theirproductswerere-priced.【答案】A32.【題干】Microsoft'scriticsbelievethatthebigtechcompaniestendto_____.【選項(xiàng)】A.exaggeratetheirproductqualityB.eliminatetheirpotentialcompetitorsC.treatnewtechtalentunfairlyD.ignorepublicopinions【答案】B33.【題干】PaulArnoldisconcernedthatsmallacquisitionsmight_____.【選項(xiàng)】A.weakenbigtechcompaniesB.worsenmarketcompetitionC.harmthenationaleconomyD.discouragestart-upinvestors【答案】C34.【題干】TheUSFederalTradeCommissionintendto____.【選項(xiàng)】A.examinesmallacquisitionsB.limitBigTech'sexpansionC.supervisestart-upsoperationsD.encourageresearchcollaboration【答案】A35.【題干】Forthefivebiggesttechcompanies,theirsmallacquisitionhave____.【選項(xiàng)】A.broughtlittlefinancialpressureB.raisedfewmanagementchallengesC.setanexampleforfuturedealsD.generateconsiderableprofits【答案】AWe'refairlygoodatjudgingpeoplebasedonfirstimpression,thinslicesofexperiencerangingfromaglimpseofaphototofive-minuteinteraction,anddeliberationcanbenotonlyextraneousbutintrusive.Inonestudyoftheabilityshedubbed"thinslicing,"thelatepsychologistNaliniAmbadyaskedparticipantstowatchsilent10-secondvideoclipsofprofessorsandtoratetheinstructor'soveralleffectiveness.Theirratingscorrelatedstronglywithstudents'end-of-semesterratings.Anothersetofparticipantshadcountbackwardfrom1,000byninesastheywatchedtheclips,occupyingtheirconsciousworkingmemory.Theirratingswerejustasaccurate,demonstratingtheintuitivenatureofthesocialprocessing.Critically,anothergroupwasaskedtospendaminutewritingdownreasonsfortheirjudgment,beforegivingtherating.Accuracydroppeddramatically.Ambadysuspectedthatdeliberationfocusedthemonvividbutmisleadingcues,suchascertaingesturesorutterances,ratherthanlettingthecomplexinterplayofsubtlesignalsformaholisticimpression.Shefoundsimilarinterferencewhenparticipantswatched15-secondclipsofpairsofpeopleandjudgedwhethertheywerestrangers,friends,ordatingpartners.Otherresearchshowswe'rebetteratdetectingdeceptionansexualorientationfromthinsliceswhenwerelyonintuitioninsteadofreflection."It'sasifyou'redrivingastickshift,"saysJudithHall,apsychologistatNortheasternUniversity."andifyoustartthinkingaboutittoomuch,youcan'trememberwhatyou'redoing.Butifyougoonautomaticpilot,you'refine.Muchofoursociallifeislikethat."Thinkingtoomuchcanalsoharmourabilitytoformpreferences.Collegestudents'ratingsofstrawberryjamsandcollegecoursealignedbetterwithexperts'opinionswhenthestudentsweren'taskedtoanalyzetheirrationale.Andpeoplemadecar-buyingdecisionsthatwerebothobjectivelybetterandmorepersonallysatisfyingwhenaskedtofocusontheirfeelingsratherthanondetails,butonlyifthedecisionwascomplex-whentheyhadalotofinformationtoprocess.Intuition'sspecialpowersareunleashedonlyincertaincircumstances.Inonestudyparticipantscompletedabatteryofeighttasks,includingfourthattappedreflectivethinking(discerningrulecomprehendingvocabulary)andfourthattappedintuitionancreativity(generatingnewproductsorfiguresofspeech).Thentheratedthedegreetowhichtheyhadusedintuition("gutfeelings,""hunches,""myheart").Useoftheirguthurttheirperformanceonthefirstfourtasks,asexpected,andhelpedthemontherest.Sometimestheheartissmarterthanthehead.36.【題干】NaliniAmbaby'sstudydealswith_____【選項(xiàng)】A.instructorstudentinteractionB.thepowerofpeople'smemoryC.thereliabilityoffirstimpressionsD.People'sabilitytoinfluenceothers【答案】C37.【題干】InAmbaby'sstudy,ratingaccuracydroppedwhenparticipants_____【選項(xiàng)】A.gavetheratinginlimitedtimeB.focusedonspecificdetailsC.watchedshortervideoclipsD.discussedwithonanother【答案】BSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)HowtoDisagreewithSomeoneMorePowerfulthanYouYourbossproposesanewinitiativeyouthinkwon'twork.Yourseniorcolleagueoutlinesaprojecttimelineyouthinkisunrealistic.Whatdoyousaywhenyoudisagreewithsomeonewhohasmorepowerthanyoudo?Howdoyoudecidewhetherit'sworthspeakingup?Andifyoudo,whatexactlyshouldyousay?Here'showtodisagreewithsomeonemorepowerfulthanyou._____(41)Youmaydecideit'sbesttoholdoffonvoicingyouropinion.Maybeyouhaventfinishedthinkingtheproblemthrough,thewholediscussionwasasurprisetoyou,oryouwanttogetaclearersenseofwhatthegroupthinks.Ifyouthinkotherpeoplearegoingtodisagreetoo,youmightwanttogatheryourarmyfirst.Peoplecancontributeexperienceorinformationtoyourthink—allthethingsthatwouldmakethedisagreementstrongerormorevalid.It'salsoagoodideatodelaytheconversationifyou'reinameetingorotherpublicspace.Discussingtheissueinprivatewillmakethepowerfulpersonfeellessthreatened._____(42)Beforeyoushareyourthoughts,thinkaboutwhatthepowerfulpersoncaresabout—itmaybe"thecredibilityoftheirteamongettingaprojectdoneontime,"saysGrenny.You'remorelikelytobeheardifyoucanconnectyourdisagreementtoa"higherpurpose".Whenyoudospeakup,don'tassumethelinkwillbeclear.You'llwanttostateitovertly,contextualizingyourstatementssothatyou'reseennotasadisagreeableunderlingbutasacolleaguewho'stryingtoadvanceasharedgoal.Thediscussionwillthenbecomemorelikeachessgamethanaboxingmatch._____(43)Thisstepmaysoundoverlydeferential,butit'sasmartwaytogivethepowerfulpersonpsychologicalsafetyandcontrol.Youcansaysomethinglike,"Iknowweseemtobemovingtowardafirst-quartercommitmenthere.Ihavereasonstothinkthatwon'twork.I'dliketolayoutmyreasoning.WouldthatbeOK?"Thisgivesthepersonachoice,allowingthemtoverballyoptin.And,assumingtheysayyes,itwillmakeyoufeelmoreconfidentaboutvoicingyourdisagreement._____(44)Youmightfeelyourheartracingoryourfaceturningred,butdowhateveryoucantoremainneutralinbothyourwordsandactions.Whenyourbodylanguagecommunicatesreluctanceoranxiety,itundercutsthemessage.Itsendsamixedmessage,andyourcounterpartgetstochoosewhattoread.Deepbreathscanhelp,ascanspeakingmoreslowlyanddeliberately.Whenwefeelpanickywetendtotalklouderandfaster.Simplyslowingthepaceandtalkinginaneventonehelpstheotherpersoncalmdownanddoesthesameforyou.Italsomakesyouseemconfident,evenifyouaren't._____(45)Emphasizethatyou'reofferingyouropinion,notgospeltruth.Itmaybeawell-informed,well-researchedopinion,butit'sstillanopinion,mytalktentativelyandslightlyunderstateyourconfidence.Insteadofsayingsomethinglike"Ifwesetanend-of-quarterdeadline,wewillnevermakeit,"say,"Thisisjustmyopinion,butIdon'tseehowwewillmakethatdeadline."Havingassertedyourperfectlywillingtotalk-andmayevenbeflatteredtoreceiveyourattention.41.【題干】41._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.StaycalmB.StayhumbleC.Don'tmakejudgmentsD.BerealisticabouttherisksE.DecidewhethertowaitF.AskpermissiontodisagreeG.Identifyasharedgoal【答案】E42.【題干】42._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.StaycalmB.StayhumbleC.Don'tmakejudgmentsD.BerealisticabouttherisksE.DecidewhethertowaitF.AskpermissiontodisagreeG.Identifyasharedgoal【答案】G43.【題干】43._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.StaycalmB.StayhumbleC.Don'tmakejudgmentsD.BerealisticabouttherisksE.DecidewhethertowaitF.AskpermissiontodisagreeG.Identifyasharedgoal【答案】F44.【題干】44._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.StaycalmB.StayhumbleC.Don'tmakejudgmentsD.BerealisticabouttherisksE.DecidewhethertowaitF.AskpermissiontodisagreeG.Identifyasharedgoal【答案】A45.【題干】45._____.【選項(xiàng)】A.StaycalmB.StayhumbleC.Don'tmakejudgmentsD.BerealisticabouttherisksE.DecidewhethertowaitF.AskpermissiontodisagreeG.Identifyasharedgoal【答案】BSectionIIITranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)46.【題干】Wetendtothinkthatfriendsandfamilymembersareourbiggestsourceofconnection,laughterandwarmth.Whilethatmaywellbetrue,researchershavealsorecentlyfoundthatinteractingwithstrangersactuallybringsaboostinmoodandfeelingsofbelongingthatwedidn'texpect.Inoneseriesofstudies,researchersinstructedChicago-areacommutersusingpublictransportationtostrikeupconversationwithsomeonenearthem.Onaverage,participantswhofollowedthisinstructionfeltbetterthanthosewhohadbeentoldtostandorsitinsilence.Theresearchersalsoarguedthatwhenweshyawayfromcasualinteractionswithstrangers,itisoftenduetoamisplacedanxietythattheymightnotwanttotalktous.Muchofthattime,however,thisbeliefisfalse.Asittumsout,manypeopleareactuallyperfectlywillingtotalkandmayevenbeflatteredtoreceiveyourattention.【答案】我們往往認(rèn)為朋友和家人是我們關(guān)系、笑容和溫暖的最大來(lái)源。盡管這個(gè)想法很有可能是真的，但是研究人員們最近也發(fā)現(xiàn)，同陌生人打交道實(shí)際也能提升我們的情緒，并且?guī)?lái)一種意想不到的歸屬感。在一系列研究中，研究人員引導(dǎo)在芝加哥地區(qū)乘坐公共交通工具上下班的人同周圍的人進(jìn)行攀談。平均說(shuō)來(lái)，那些聽(tīng)從了該指令的參與者比那些被要求僅僅默默坐著或站著的參與者感覺(jué)更好一些。研究人員們還認(rèn)為當(dāng)我們不好意思同陌生人隨意交流時(shí)，這常常是由于我們不必要的擔(dān)心——他們可能不想同我們說(shuō)話。然而，大多數(shù)時(shí)候，這種想法都是錯(cuò)誤的。正如研究結(jié)果顯示