車輛工程-汽車專業(yè)英語課件-汽車基礎(chǔ)知識部分-Chapter-2-Internal-Combustion-Engine-2.8-2.9

復(fù)習(xí)提問EFI分類提問（教師說EFI系統(tǒng)漢語部件名稱，同學(xué)回答英文名稱）GDI原理學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容本次課學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容、目標(biāo)和重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)DieselfuelsystemsandCRsystemCooling,lubricationsystems3.Emissioncontrolsystem1.掌握柴油機(jī)噴油系統(tǒng)主要組成、CR系統(tǒng)部件的英文名稱；掌握CR系統(tǒng)原理和排放系統(tǒng)控制原理2.了解冷卻、潤滑和排放控制系統(tǒng)的組成1.重點(diǎn)為記憶英文專業(yè)術(shù)語2.難點(diǎn)需要記憶的生詞偏多3.漢譯準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)也是難點(diǎn)Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.8DieselFuelInjectionSystem

particle['pɑ:tikl]n.微粒，顆粒clog[kl?g]v.&n.阻塞，堵塞nozzle['n?z(?)l]n.噴嘴trap[tr?p]n.圈套，陷阱，捕集器plunger['pl?n??]n.柱塞，活塞rack[r?k]n.齒條barrel['b?r(?)l]n.桶；v.裝入桶內(nèi)helix['hi:liks]n.螺旋，螺旋狀物cutaway['k?twei]a.切去一部分的，剖面的2.8.1

NewWordsandPhrasesChapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.8DieselFuelInjectionSystem

variation[ve?ri'ei∫?n]n.變化，變更，變種，變調(diào)solenoid['s?ulin?id]n.螺線管，電磁線圈[鐵，閥，開關(guān)]shutoff['??t?:f]n.中斷，切斷，關(guān)閉energize['en?d?aiz]v.供給…能量，通電，勵磁

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.8DieselFuelInjectionSystemTypicaldieselsystemcomponentsincludethefueltank,fuelpump,fuelfilter,injectionpump,injectors,andthenecessaryfuellines(Fig.2-18).ThesysteminFig.2-19istypicalofnewersystemsthatutilizeacomputer-controlledelectronicfuelinjectionpump.2.8.2Text

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.8DieselFuelInjectionSystem

Fig2-18Aconventionaldieselfuelinjectionsystem

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.8DieselFuelInjectionSystemFig2-19.Ancomputercontrolleddieselfuelinjectionsystemwithaxial-pistondistributorinjectionpump

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.8DieselFuelInjectionSystem

FuelFilter.Dieselfuelmustbekeptcleantoavoidinjectorsystemtrouble.Verysmallparticlesareenoughtocloginjectornozzles.Dieselfuelsystemstypicallyuseoneormorefilterstotrapdirtandotherdeposits.InjectionPump.Duetothehighcompression(around22:1)usedindieselengines,thedieselinjectionpumpmustbecapableofproducinghighpressures.Thereareanumberofinjectionpumpdesigns.Themostcommonlyusedautomobileandlighttruckdieselinjectionpumpsareclassifiedasinlineordistributor.Theinlineinjectionpump（Figure12-18）usesaseparatecylinderplunger-camunit（Fig.2-20）foreachcylinder.Theseunitsarecontainedinastraightrowinacommonhousing.

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.8DieselFuelInjectionSystemFigure2-20.Pumpplungerconstruction.Whenthecontrolrackismoved,theplungerwillbeforcedtorotatebythesegmentedgearsleeveactingontheplungerflange.

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.8DieselFuelInjectionSystemFig.2-21Cutawayviewofadistributortypeinjectionpump.ThedistributorinjectionpumpisshowninFigure2-21.Youwillnotethatasingle,double-plungertypepumpservesallinjectoroutlets.Asingledeliveryvalveislocatedintherotor.AdistributortypefuelinjectionpumpwitchiselectronicallycontrolledisshowninFig.2-22.

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.8DieselFuelInjectionSystem

Fig.2-22Aelectronicallycontrolleddistributortypefuelinjectionpump.Fuelshutoffsolenoidiscontrolledbythepowertraincontrolmodule(PCM).Whenenergized,itisdesignedtocompletelystopthefuelflowintotheinjectionpump.

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.8DieselFuelInjectionSystem

Injector.Therearemanydifferentinjectordesigns,butallareavariationoftwobasictypes-inwardopeningandoutwardopening.Dieselspraypatternswillvarydependinguponenginedesign.GlowPlugandIntakeAirHeaters.Toaidinignitingthecompressedair-fuelmixduringcoldstarting,dieselenginesuseglowplugsandintakeairheaters.Theglowplugisanelectricallyoperateddevicethatprotrudesintotheprecombustionchamber.Onlaterengines,theglowplugsareturnedonandoffautomatically.Intakeairheaterswarmtheairasitpassesthroughonitswaytotheintakemanifold.Theheaterelementisawiremeshthatiselectricallyheated.Thecomputerenergizestheheaterelementbeforecranking.Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.9Commonrailinjectionsystems

piezoelectric[pai?i:z?ui'lektrik]a.壓電的efficient[i'fi??nt]a.有效的，效率高的2.9.1

NewWordsandPhrases

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.9Commonrailinjectionsystems

Newerdieselenginesareequippedwithcommonrailinjectionsystems(Fig.2-23toFig.2-26).Commonrailsystemsaredirectinjection(DI)systems.Theinjectors’nozzlesareplacedinsidethecombustionchamber.Thepistontophasadepressionwhereinitialcombustiontakesplace.Theinjectormustbeabletowithstandthetemperatureandpressureinsidethecylinderandmustbeabletodeliverafinesprayoffuelintothoseconditions.Thesesystemshaveahighpressurefuelrailconnectedtoindividualinjectors.2.9.2

Text

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.9Commonrailinjectionsystems

Theinjectorsarecontrolledbyacomputerthatattemptstomatchinjectoroperationtotheoperatingconditionsoftheengine.Therearetwotypesofinjectors:solenoid-typeandpiezoelectric(Fig.2-27andFig.2-28).Newerdieselfuelinjectorsrelyonstackedpiezoelectriccrystalsratherthansolenoids.Piezoelectric-crystalsquicklyexpandwhenelectricalcurrentisappliedtothem.Thecrystalsallowtheinjectorstorespondveryquicklytotheneedsoftheengine.Withthisnew-styleinjector,dieselenginesarequieter,morefuelefficient,cleaner,andhavemorepower.

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.9Commonrailinjectionsystems

Fig.2-23Commonrail(CR)system

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.9Commonrailinjectionsystems

Fig.2-24Boschthirdgenerationcommonrailwithpiezoelectricinlineinjectors

Fig.2-25Lucasdieselcommonrail(LDCR)

2.9Commonrailinjectionsystems

Fig.2-26CommonrailinjectionsystemasusedwithaV-8engine

Fig.2-27Solenoid-typeinjector

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.9Commonrailinjectionsystems

Fig.2-28Bosch'sthirdgenerationcommonrailinwhichtheinjectoractuatorsconsistofpiezo-crystals.Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.10CoolingSystem

2.10.1

NewWordsandPhrasescylinder['silind?]n.(發(fā)動機(jī)的)氣缸lubrication[?lu:bri'kei∫?n]n.潤滑horsepower['h?rs?pau?]n.馬力(功率單位)deposit[di'p?zit]n.沉淀物;Mileage['mailid?]n．里程thermostat['θ?:m??st?t]n.恒溫器,節(jié)溫器pump[p?mp]n.泵radiator['redieit?]n.散熱器Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.10CoolingSystem

cylinderwall氣缸壁cylinderhead氣缸蓋oilfilm油膜fuelmileage燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性waterjacket水套waterpump水泵expansion(overflow)tank膨脹（溢流）箱radiatorcap散熱器蓋Thepurposeoftheengine'scoolingsystemistoremoveexcessheatfromtheengine,tokeeptheengineoperatingatitsmostefficienttemperature,andtogettheengineuptothecorrecttemperatureassoonaspossibleafterstarting.Ideally,thecoolingsystemkeepstheenginerunningatitsmostefficienttemperaturenomatterwhattheoperatingconditionsare.Fuelburningenginesproduceenormousamountsofheat;temperaturescanreachupto4,000°Fwhentheair-fuelmixtureburns.However,normaloperatingtemperatureisabout2,000°F.Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.10CoolingSystem

2.10.2

TextTheexhaustsystemtakesawaymuchoftheheat,butpartsoftheengine,suchasthecylinderwalls,pistons,andcylinderhead,absorblargeamountsoftheheat.Ifapartoftheenginegetstoohot,theoilfilmfailstoprotectit.Thislackoflubricationcanruintheengine.Ontheotherhand,ifanenginerunsattoolowatemperature,itisinefficient,theoilgetsdirty(addingwearandsubtractinghorsepower),depositsform,andfuelmileageispoor--nottomentionexhaustemissions!Forthesereasons,thecoolingsystemisdesignedtostayoutoftheactionuntiltheengineiswarmedup.Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.10CoolingSystem

Therearetwotypesofcoolingsystems:liquidcoolingandaircooling.Mostautoenginesarecooledbytheliquidtype;aircoolingisusedmorefrequentlyforairplanes,motorcyclesandlawnmowers.Thecoolingsystemofawater-cooledengineconsistsoftheengine'swaterjacket,athermostat,awaterpump,aradiatorandradiatorcap,acoolingfan(electricorbelt-driven),hoses,andusuallyanexpansion(overflow)tank(Figure2-23).Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.10CoolingSystem

Fig.2-23Thecoolingsystemofawater-cooledengineprinciple['prins?pl]n.法則,原則,原理friction['frik∫?n]n.摩擦,摩擦力minimize['minimaiz]vt.將...減到最少v.最小化residual[ri'z?d?u:?l]adj.剩余的,殘留的seal[sil]n.封條;vt.封,密封piston['pist?n]n.[機(jī)]活塞cylinder['silind?]n.氣缸varnish['vɑ:ni?]n.清漆,光澤面,掩飾v.修飾2.11.1

NewWordsandPhrasesChapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.11LubricationSystem

carbon['kɑ:b?n]n.[化]碳excessive[ik'sesiv]]adj.過多的,過分的,額外absorb[?b's?:b]vt.吸收,吸引adequate['?dikwit]adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?足夠的deliver[di'liv?]vt.遞送,陳述,釋放,發(fā)表hydrodynamic[,haidroudai'n?mik]adj.水力的sliding['slaidi?]adj.滑行的,變化的buildup['bild?p]n.組合,集結(jié),累積,形成Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.11LubricationSystem

Reducingfrictiontominimizewearandlossofpoweristheprimaryjobalubricationsystemmustperform.Residualoilonenginepartsalsoprovideslubricationforenginestart-up.Theengineoilformsasealbetweenthepistons,rings,andcylinders.Italsohelpstocoolengineparts.Withoutthecleaningactionofthelubricatingsystem,carbonandvarnishbuildupwouldbeexcessive.Theengineoilalsoabsorbstheshockanddampensthenoiseofmovingparts.Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.11LubricationSystem

Howsuccessfulthelubricationsystemisinperformingallthesefunctionsdependsonanumberoffactorsandconditions.Theremustbeanadequatesupplyofgood-qualitylubricantdeliveredtoallmovingenginepartsundersufficientpressuretoprovidehydrodynamiclubricationforrotatingpartsandoiladhesiontosurfacesubjecttoslidingfriction.Figure2-24showsaengine’slubeoilcircuitschematic.Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.11LubricationSystem

Fig.2-24Engine’slubeoilcircuitschematicFig.2-25Thepartsofthelubricationsystem小結(jié)與作業(yè)冷卻、潤滑和排放控制系統(tǒng)主要部件的英文名稱和有關(guān)術(shù)語閱讀并記住黑體字專業(yè)詞匯；manufacture[,m?nju?'f?kt∫?]vt.制造，生產(chǎn)；n.制造；制成品，產(chǎn)品；environment[in'vair?nm?nt]n.環(huán)境nitrogen['naitr?d??n]n.氮crankcase['kr??kkeis]n.曲軸箱injection[in'd?ek∫?n]n.注射Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.12

EmissionControlSystems

2.12.1

NewWordsandPhrasescatalytic[,k?t?'litik]n.催化劑tailpipe['teilpaip]n.尾管muffler['m?fl?]n.消聲器，消音器manifold['m?nifold]n.歧管（汽車引擎用于進(jìn)氣或排氣）chamber['t∫eimb?]n.室Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.12

EmissionControlSystems

Thepurposeoftheemissioncontrolsystemisjustthatitcontrolstheemissionsandexhaustfromavehicle.Theideaistoturntheharmfulgasesacarmanufacturesintoharmlessonesthatdon'truintheenvironment,orpersons.Someoftheproblemgasesare:1)hydrocarbons(unburned)2)carbonmonoxide3)nitrogenoxidesTherearefivepopularsystemsusedtoreduceemissions:thecrankcaseventilationsystem,theevaporativeemissioncontrolsystem,theExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)system,theairinjectionsystemandthecatalyticconvertersystem.Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.12

EmissionControlSystems

2.12.2TextInadditiontotheseemissionsystems,modernvehiclesincorporateanelectronicallycontrolledfuelinjectionsystem,whichfurtherreducesemissions.Note:Notallvehiclesareequippedwiththeseemissionsystems.Thepurposeofthepositivecrankcaseventilation(PCV)systemistotakethevaporsproducedinthecrankcaseandpistonblow-by,andredirectthemintotheair/fuelintakesystemtobeburnedduringcombustion.Exhaustgasrecirculation(EGR)systemsreducetheamountofoxidesofnitrogenproducedduringthecombustionprocess.Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.12

EmissionControlSystems

Thefunctionofthefuelevaporativecontrolsystemistotrapandstoreevaporativeemissionsfromthegastankandcarburetor.Acharcoalcanisterisusedtotrapthefuelvapors.Thefuelvaporsadheretothecharcoal,untiltheengineisstarted,andenginevacuumcanbeusedtodrawthevaporsintotheengine,sothattheycanbeburnedalongwiththefuel/airmixture.Thecatalyticconverterlookslikeamuffler.Itislocatedintheexhaustsystemaheadofthemuffler.Ashydrocarbonsorcarbonmonoxideintheexhaustarepassedoverthecatalyst,itischemicallyoxidizedorconvertedtocarbondioxideandwater.Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.12

EmissionControlSystems

Fig.2-26ExhaustsystemFig.2-27Positivecrankcaseventilation(PCV)systemFig.2-28Evaporativeemissioncontrol(EVAP)systemFig.2-29Exhaustgasrecirculation(EGR)systemFig.2-30Airinjection(AIR)systemFig.2-31Three-waycatalyticconverter(TWC)systemwithceramicsubstratesChapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.13EmissionControlonCVDieselEngines

monoxide[m?'n?ksaid]n.一氧化物dioxide[dai??ksaid]n.二氧化物volatile[?v?l?tail]a.穩(wěn)定的，（液體或油）易揮發(fā)的Precious[?pre??s]a.珍貴的，貴重的coating[?k??ti?]n.涂層，涂料，覆蓋層hydrocarbon(HC)[?haidr??kɑ:b?n]n.碳?xì)浠衔?，烴oxidize[??ksidaiz]v.使氧化，使生銹externalenginemeasure機(jī)外(凈化)措施carbonmonoxide(CO)一氧化碳

NewWordsandPhrases

Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.13EmissionControlonCVDieselEngines

aftertreatment后處理dieseloxidationcatalyst(DOC)氧化催化轉(zhuǎn)化器particulatematter顆粒物,微粒particulatefilter微粒過濾器dieselparticulatefilters(DPF)微粒過濾器，微粒捕集器SCRcatalyst選擇催化還原催化轉(zhuǎn)化器reducingagent還原劑deNOxNOx吸附還原系統(tǒng)Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.13EmissionControlonCVDieselEngines

Tocomplywiththestricterexhaustemissionstandards,measuresinsideandoutsideoftheenginehavetobeadaptedtoeachotheroptimally.Todothis,theuseofelectronicfuelinjectionsystemsisessential.Inaddition,toreduceharmfulemissionsoncommercialvehicle(CV),someexternalenginemeasuresorexhaustgasaftertreatmentsystemssuchasoxidationcatalyst,exhaust-gasrecirculation,particulatefilterandSCRcatalystareused.Dieseloxidationcatalysts(DOC)werethefirstcatalyticconvertersinstalledindieselvehiclesasstandard.Theirprimaryfunctionistooxidizeenginecarbonmonoxide(CO)andhydrocarbon(HC)emissionswiththeresidualoxygenoftheexhaustgasintotheharmlessgasesH2OandCO2.Preciousmetalcoatingsareemployedforthis.Chapter2InternalCombustionEngine

2.13EmissionControlonCVDieselEngines

AdvancedexhaustgasaftertreatmentsystemsalsoincludeadditionalcomponentsandtheDOCinthesesystemsalsoassumesotherfunctions:-Itoxidizesthevolatileconstituentsoftheparticulatematter(adsorbedhydrocarbons),thusreducingparticulatemassbyupto30%.-Itimprovestheratiosofnitrogendioxide(NO2)tonitrogenmonoxide(NO).Thisstepisconducivetonitrogenoxidereduction,especiallyfortheSCRprocess.-ItreleasesheatbyoxidizingdeliberatelysuppliedhydrocarbonsandCO.Thisin