小學英語五升六暑期講義第9講：名詞（學生版）

課程主題：名詞教學目標：1、熟練掌握名詞的分類2、可數(shù)名詞單復數(shù)變化3、不可數(shù)名詞表示方式和名詞所有格教學內(nèi)容【進門測試】1.找出下列單詞中不同類的那一個。()1.A.handB.handbagC.schoolbagD.box()2.A.snowB.rainC.windD.sunny()3.A.managerB.farmerC.workD.nurse()4.A.seasonB.winterC.springD.autumn()5.A.yearB.monthC.dayD.May()6.A.onionB.peasC.cabbageD.healthy()7.A.footB.headC.legD.book()8.A.basketballB.partyC.soccerD.ping-pong【多元導學】你知道什么是名詞么？是表示具體或者抽象事物/人物的詞?！净泳v】【知識梳理】考點一名詞的分類

名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞,它分為普通名詞和專有名詞兩大類。普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞包括個體名詞和集體名詞,有單數(shù)和復數(shù)之分;不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞,沒有復數(shù)形式。詞條用法例詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示個體的人或事物的詞book,desk,table,bike,plane集體名詞表示一群人或一些事物的詞family,class,police,team,group不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示構成各種物體的物質(zhì)或材料的詞glass,water,air,paper,wood抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等抽象概念的詞danger,health,love,success,interest專有名詞表示人、地方、事物、機構、組織等名稱的詞Alice,Canada,theGreatWall考點二名詞的數(shù)

名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞：1）不可數(shù)名詞無法分開的東西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice抽象的東西：love,beauty,coldness不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點：不能用a,an修飾；不能加s；和單數(shù)be動詞或動詞搭配。2）可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s。名詞復數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：?規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+se.g.shell→shellsbook→books規(guī)則2以s,x,ch,sh結尾+ese.g.fox→foxeschurch→churches,bus→buses,watch→watches規(guī)則3以o結尾+s或+ese.g.potato→potatoes,Negro→Negroes,hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes，（口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般加s,radio→radios規(guī)則4以f,fe結尾的，變f,fe為vese.g.life→liveshalf→halves,shelf→shelves,city→cities,wife→wives規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結尾，變y為i+ese.g.sky→skiesfly→flies?不規(guī)則變化的名詞復數(shù)形式man（men）woman（women）foot（feet）goose（geese）tooth（teeth）child（children）sheep（sheep）deer（deer）mouse（mice）fish（fish）2.不可數(shù)名詞量的表達不可數(shù)名詞計量時,用“基數(shù)詞/不定冠詞+表示數(shù)量的名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”表示,數(shù)詞決定表示數(shù)量的名詞的單/復數(shù)形式。aglassofmilk一杯牛奶acupoftea一杯茶apieceofnews一則新聞twobowlsofrice兩碗米飯twopairsofglasses兩副眼鏡threepiecesofadvice三條建議【鞏固練習】一、用單詞正確形式填空1．Therearemanybeautiful___________(leaf)inautumn.2．Couldyousee________(star)atnight?3．Iseeafew___________(tomato)inthebasket.4．Myuncleisabasketball_________(play).5．Howmany_____(tomato)arethereinthebasket?6．Iamhungry.Givemesome_________(bread),please.7．__________Sam__________(have)any__________(snack)?8．Shewantssome_______(vegetable),please.9．__________(Mike)motherisawriter.Shewrites__________(story)forchildren.10．—Wouldyoulike________(any)(bread)?—Yes,please.二、按要求填空用單詞的適當形式填空。minute

homework

do

wash

ride11．Therearesixty___________inanhour.12．Youhavetodoyour___________.13．Howmanyminutes___________Dannyexercise?14．Look!Jennyis___________herhair.15．TomorrowI___________abike.填寫正確的冠詞和復數(shù)形式。16．____dog

_________17．____elephant

_________18．____horse

_________19．____panda

_________20．____lion

_________考點三名詞所有格

名詞所有格的構成方式有以下三種:’s形式的所有格、of短語構成的所有格和雙重所有格。1.’s形式的所有格用法示例一般單數(shù)名詞后加“‘s”mybrother’sbag我弟弟的書包以s結尾的復數(shù)名詞后加“‘”myparents’hope我父母的希望如果一個事物為兩個人共同所有,則只在最后一個名詞后加“‘s”;如果不是共同所有,則兩個名詞后都加“‘s”。BobandBill’sfather鮑勃和比爾的爸爸Jim’sandBill’smothers吉姆的媽媽和比爾的媽媽有些表示時間、距離、國家、城市、團體、機構以及無生命事物的名詞也可以加“‘s”或“‘”構成所有格。today’snewspaper今天的報紙fiveminutes’walk五分鐘的路程在表示“某人家”“店鋪”的名詞后,一般省略它所修飾的名詞atthedoctor’s在診所里atthebarber’s在理發(fā)店里2.of短語構成的所有格(1)沒有生命的名詞一般用of短語來表示所有關系。ThisisamapofJapan.這是一幅日本地圖。(2)當有生命的名詞的定語較長時,也可以用of短語來表示所有關系。Themovieoftheoldkindwomanismoving.這位善良的老婦人的電影很感人?！厩捎浛谠E】名詞所有格的用法英語名詞所有格,表示某物是“誰的”,巧記構成有方法,多數(shù)要把“‘s”加,復數(shù)有s作詞尾,只加“‘”就OK,名詞若為無生命,常把of來運用,時間、地點和距離,“‘s”運用也許可。3.雙重所有格表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞(a,an)、數(shù)詞(one,two...)、非確定特指的限定詞(some,any,afew...)、物主代詞(my,your...)或指示限定詞(this,that,these,those)時,常用“of+所有格/名詞性物主代詞”的形式,即雙重所有格來表示所有關系。BobisafriendofTom’s.鮑勃是湯姆的一位朋友。Thesearesomepicturesofmine.這些是我的一些照片。【鞏固練習】一、單選題1．Thisismy______dress.(

)A．mother B．mother's C．mothers2．—_____Englishbookisit?(

)—It's_____.A．Whoes;Jill's B．Who;Jill C．Whose;Jill D．Whose;Jill's3．Whenisyour_____birthday?(

)A．mothers' B．mother's C．Mother's4．_____birthdayisinApril.(

)A．Alice B．Alices C．Alice's5．________fatheristalking.(

)A．Peter B．Peter's C．Peters'6．Hewantstovisit_______newhome.()A．SuHai’s B．SuHai C．SuHais’7．Therabbit’stailis______thanthe______.(

)A．shorter;horse’s B．short;horse’s C．shorter;horse8．—What’syour________job?(

)—Heisadriver.A．father B．father’s C．mother’s9．It’s_______cap.(

)A．Kim’s B．Kim C．LiMing10．Mylegsarelongerthan_____.(

)A．Mike B．Mike’s C．Mikes’二、用單詞正確形式填空11．A:Aretheyyourfriends?B:No,they're______(Helen).12．—Does_______(Bobby)armhurt?—Yes,itdoes.13．_____(Mike)motherisanurse.14．Thisisthe_____(teacher)office.MissGreenisinit.15．Whenisyour_____(father)birthday?考點四名詞的語法作用

作定語(1)名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式。Thereisanappletreeinouryard.在我們院子里有一棵蘋果樹。(2)man,woman用于名詞前作定語時,其形式與所修飾的名詞一致,即man,woman后用單數(shù)名詞,men,women后用復數(shù)名詞。Theyareallmenteachers.他們都是男教師。Awomandoctorissittingintheroom.有個女醫(yī)生正坐在房間里。(3)個別名詞用復數(shù)形式作定語。Oursportsmeetingwasputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.因為大雨我們的運動會被推遲了?！厩捎浛谠E】名詞作定語,一般用單數(shù),男人(man),女人(woman)跟著變,個別名詞用復數(shù)。【課堂檢測】一、單選題1．Thisismy______dress.(

)A．mother B．mother's C．mothers2．Wehavealotof______.(

)A．a(chǎn)nimal B．a(chǎn)nimals C．cow3．—Whatdayisittoday?(

)—It’s______.A．Tuesday B．Music C．PE4．Thereislotsof_______inwinter.(

)A．teach B．snow C．vacation5．Hello!I'mRose.I'ma_________.(

)A．girl B．girls C．boy6．Howmany_________arethereinyourclass?

(

)A．student B．students C．a(chǎn)pple7．Thereareseventeen______onthefarm.(

)A．horses B．pig C．cow8．Mylegsarelongerthan_____.(

)A．Mike B．Mike’s C．Mikes’9．Theseboysaretalkingabouttheir_________.

(

)A．hobby B．a(chǎn)hobby C．hobbies10．Ihavetwo________.(

)A．foot B．feet C．foots二、用單詞正確形式填空11．________(class)startat8o’clockinthemorning.12．Your_____(foot)arebiggerthanmine.13．The______(story)areveryinteresting.14．—BobbyandSam_________(be)good_________(朋友).—I’m_________(they)good_________(friend).15．Myuncleisabasketball_________(play).16．Smokefrom______(factory)______(make)theairdirty.17．Iamhungry.Givemesome_________(bread),please.18．Atthattime,therewereno________(gym)inhisschool.19．Myfishissmallerthan______(Sarah).20．Cinderella’ssistersputonthenew__________(dress).三、補全句子21．Therearemany_______(電腦)intheroom.22．MoYanisagreatw______.23．MonicaandFloraarefromBerlin.TheyareG___________.24．_______(五班的男孩)areplayingbasketball.25．Sheusuallyhassome_____(水果)everyday.26．Jackisfrom_________(加拿大).27．Thew_______onthebusgoroundandround.28．Thatmanismy_________(父親).29．C______startat8o’clockinthemorning.30．Cinderella__________

__________(穿上)thenew__________(衣服)andnewshoes.四、按要求填空將下列單詞的復數(shù)形式改成單數(shù)形式。31．doctors________32．cities________33．pianos________34．ears________35．churches________36．leaves________【要點回顧】【溫故知新】一、單選題1．—Howmany_______doyouhavethisterm?(

)—Wehavefive.A．lessons B．subject C．subjects2．Therearetwo_______atthetrafficlights.(

)A．policeman B．policemen C．policemans3．Therearesix______andfour______inthefridge.(

)A．tomatoes;potatoes B．tomatos;potatoes C．tomatoes;potatos4．Icanseemany_______.(

)A．polices B．policemans C．policemen5．I’mhungry.I’dlikea________.(

)A．rice B．sandwich C．noodles6．These_______are_______mysister.A．mango,for B．mangoes,for C．mangoes,to7．Ilike______.Ihaveachocolate______.(

)A．a(chǎn)cake;cake B．cakes;cake C．cakes;cakes8．Ilike________.They’refatandcute.(

)A．lions B．a(chǎn)tiger C．pandas9．Lookatthis______.Ilike______.(

)A．a(chǎn)nelephant;elephants B．elephant;elephants C．elephant;elephant10．Wedon’thaveany______.(

)A．grapes B．mango C．banana二、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換寫出下列名詞的復數(shù)形式。11．bus______12．mango______13．photo______14．knife______15．study______16．baby(復數(shù))__________17．cow(復數(shù))__________18．they(單數(shù))__________19．one(序數(shù)詞)__________20．good(同義詞)__________21．class(復數(shù))________22．she(形容詞性物主代詞)________23．Bobby(名詞所有格)________24．donot(縮略形式)________25．flower(復數(shù)形式)________三、用單詞正確形式填空26．—Howmany_____(dress)canyousee?—Five.27．The______(cook)arefromChina.Theyaresogreat!28．Weshouldbrushour________(tooth)everyday.29．—Hereareyour______(面條)andtwo______(雞蛋).—Thanks.30．Inwinter(冬天),HelenandWangBingcangotomake______(snowman