2025年牛津深圳版中考英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)完形填空講義

中考專題完形填空學(xué)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)中考復(fù)習(xí)專題完形填空學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)了解完型填空題型的特點(diǎn)能掌握完形填空6個(gè)解題注意事項(xiàng)，巧用線索法解題教學(xué)內(nèi)容完型填空解題技巧完整填空：一般在文中的第一句和最后一句不會(huì)挖空。主要涉及到動(dòng)詞、名詞（含代詞）、形容詞、副詞、介詞、連詞也常出現(xiàn)。做完形填空題要注意整體性原則，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)文章整體的理解。就內(nèi)容而言，它又有前因后果、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物等要素。所以，第一步應(yīng)通讀全文，了解大意。其次注意詞與詞、句與句、主句與分句之間的連貫性與銜接性。因此，在做題時(shí)必須始終注意上下文之間，詞與詞之間從意義到語(yǔ)法上的合理搭配。誠(chéng)然，弄懂第一句和最后一句也事關(guān)全局。與此同時(shí)，還不可忽略文中的過(guò)渡詞。在解題時(shí)可按以下步驟和方法進(jìn)行。（1）通讀全文，了解大意。通讀全文時(shí)，跳過(guò)空格快速閱讀，弄清文章的基本含義。先快速閱讀全文，可使我們對(duì)文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和中心思想有個(gè)基本的了解。有利于進(jìn)一步把握全文所講內(nèi)容，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，為后面的答題創(chuàng)造條件，但通讀宜粗、直、快。切忌看一句做一句，看一空填一空，斷章取意，那會(huì)進(jìn)入誤區(qū)，即使所填答案符合本句要求，也未必符合全文的要求。通讀的目的僅在于掌握大意，切不可把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在個(gè)別字句的推敲上。（2）重視首句的開(kāi)篇啟示作用完形填空所采用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的首句通常用以點(diǎn)明短文的性質(zhì)，如敘事、議論等，這是我們探索短文全貌的“窗口”，可以以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)為立足點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考，判斷文章的體裁，推測(cè)全文的大意及主題，所以應(yīng)該重視首句的啟示作用。（3）抓住關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)上下文解題解題時(shí)，要遵循忠于全文大意和主題這一原則，聯(lián)系上下文展開(kāi)邏輯推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的關(guān)鍵詞，了解所提問(wèn)題的特定語(yǔ)境，語(yǔ)篇中的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。在解題過(guò)程中，應(yīng)遵循“先易后難”的原則，遇到個(gè)別難題不易判斷時(shí)，可先跳過(guò)去，去解決那些靠上下文能確定的，比較直接明確的問(wèn)題，隨著下文的展開(kāi)和文章的深入，或許在前面難以判斷的題，下文就有暗示，甚至有明確的表示。因此，在選擇答案時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意聯(lián)系前后句，充分利用上下文為確定答案提供有用信息。（4）重讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案在全部空格補(bǔ)全以后，一定要根據(jù)填好的答案重讀全文，看文章是否流暢，前后是否矛盾，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是否無(wú)誤。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些地方讀起來(lái)不流暢，那就說(shuō)明那里有毛病，就要進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲，驗(yàn)證。在具體的操作中應(yīng)注意以下6個(gè)問(wèn)題：1）看清上下文，找準(zhǔn)定位詞充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有時(shí)可能是同義詞或反義詞。例如：1.Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery______A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous2.Mrs.O’Neillasked_________questionsandshedidn’tscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.more2）通順邏輯，尋求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語(yǔ)。例如：Here’safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself_______somuchmoney.A.forB.byC.toD.of3）扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，搞清辨異在此類試題的命制上，往往是以同類的詞為主，我們不需要去進(jìn)行具體的辨析，但是我們也要根據(jù)文章的意思來(lái)進(jìn)行推斷。如：SoonIhearda________likethatofadoorburstinandthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shoutWhenthepaperswere__________

shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactly…A.examined

B.pleted

C.marked

D.answered4）看清執(zhí)行者，確定所選詞Andvideocamerascanbeusedto＿＿＿＿＿people’sactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch5）尋求上下邏輯，從容確定關(guān)系IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon________stillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as6）了解生活常識(shí)，確定相關(guān)知識(shí)(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe＿＿＿＿＿h(yuǎn)ospital.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest完形填空解題技巧：巧用線索法所謂線索法，指的是根據(jù)文章上下文所提供的故事背景和語(yǔ)境線索進(jìn)行推理和判斷，從而確定最佳答案。具體說(shuō)來(lái)有以下幾種行之有效的方法。1.巧用語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)折線索解題有些句子含有表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊倪B詞、副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)，如but，though，although，instead，however，onthecontrary，otherwise等，我們可利用這些暗示來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。有時(shí)也可能沒(méi)有這些詞語(yǔ)的出現(xiàn)。如：Aformalletterisverydifferentfromaninformalletter.Formalletters___1___tobusinesses，schoolsorgovernmentoffices.___2___lettersareforrelatives，orformer（以前的）teachers.Youmaywriteaninformalletterbyhand，butyoushould___3___aformalletter.1.A.sendB.arewrittenC.writeD.aredropped2.A.InformalB.FormalC.BusinessD.Relative3.A.copyB.typeC.writeD.share2.巧用因果關(guān)系線索解題即根據(jù)上下文的因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行推斷，從而得出所需答案。如：Itwasastrangenoisethatmadetheman___1___hiscarsoonafterheleftavillage___2___London.Hegotoutofhiscarand___3___thewheels（車輪）carefully，butashefoundnothing___4___hecontinuedhisway.1.A.startB.stopC.slowD.speed2.A.toB.forC.fromD.of3.A.repairedB.examinedC.cleanedD.looked4.A.wrongB.dangerC.interestingD.matter3.巧用具體示例線索解題即根據(jù)文章中所提供的具體實(shí)例進(jìn)行分析，將與具體示例有關(guān)的信息進(jìn)行優(yōu)選，將與具體示例無(wú)關(guān)的信息進(jìn)行排除，從而便可得出所需答案。如：Everystudentmustweartheir___1___whentheyareatschool.Thereare___2___itemsofuniforms：suits，dresses，shorts，skirtsandTshirts.TherearealsoWasleyschoolbags，capsandsocks.1.A.longhairB.thickglassesC.sportsshoesD.schooluniforms2.A.muchB.threeC.manyD.alot4.巧用同義反義線索解題Thoughheisseriousinappearance，heneverfailstobeinteresting.Oftenheisclever，sometimeseven______andgay…A.worriedB.brightC.discouragingD.friendlyAsitturnedout，mylittlepublicationwentontobeeStudent，anationalmagazineforyoungpeopleintheU.K.MywifeandIhavetwochildren，andI‘dliketothinkwearebringingthemupinthesamewayDad______me.A.controlledB.fortedC.remindedD.raised即根據(jù)文章所提供的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)結(jié)合一定的生活常識(shí)，對(duì)所推斷的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行邏輯推理和邏輯順序。如：IwenttoWasleyCollegewithWinnictoday.Wasleyisalarge，old___1___.Ithasthreebranchcampuses（分校）：Clunes，GlenWaverlyandElasterwick.Ithasaprimaryschool，a___2___schoolandaseniorschool.Sotherearetwelvegradesof___3___studyingthere.1.A.schoolB.factoryC.movieD.hospital2.A.nightB.juniorC.highD.sparetime3.A.workersB.boysC.studentsD.teachers6.巧用語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志線索解題語(yǔ)篇一般指比單個(gè)句子長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)言單位，如句群、段落、篇章等。語(yǔ)篇與語(yǔ)篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語(yǔ)，這些詞語(yǔ)可稱為語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志。如：表示結(jié)果層次的語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志語(yǔ)有firstly，secondly，thirdly，finally等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示改變?cè)掝}的有bytheway等；表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的有before，sofar，yet，now，later等。在做完形填空題時(shí)，如果能充分利用這些語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志語(yǔ)，就可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文的關(guān)系。如：Firstofall，Irespectedhisdevotiontoteaching…______，Iadmiredthefactthathewouldtalktostudentsoutsidetheclassroomortalk…Finally，Iwasattractedbyhislivelysenseofhumor.（全國(guó)卷）LaterB.SecondlyC.HoweverD.Therefore7.巧用結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比線索解題在做完形填空題時(shí)，有時(shí)會(huì)遇到兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)十分相似的句子，此時(shí)同學(xué)們應(yīng)認(rèn)真比較其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，或根據(jù)其相似性推斷空格處所填之詞，或根據(jù)文章的上下文語(yǔ)境判斷兩個(gè)（或幾個(gè)）相似結(jié)構(gòu)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。如：Irealizedstrengthandcouragearen’talwaysmeasuredinmedalsandvictories，butinthestrugglesweovere（戰(zhàn)勝）。Thestrongestpeoplearenotalwaysthepeoplewhowin，______thepeoplewhodon’tgiveupwhentheylose.A.orB.norC.andD.butThecorrectwatersupplyforecastisbasedmoreonthewaterfromthe______thanfromthebelow.（遼寧卷）cloudsB.skyC.airD.above8.巧用語(yǔ)境暗示線索解題有的空格根據(jù)所在句的句意或附近上下文的語(yǔ)境我們無(wú)法作出正確的選擇，要想作出正確判斷，同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意空格前后所出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)，尤其注意找出其中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的暗示性詞語(yǔ)。如：FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHigherEducationareinthebelltowerofthe______havemadeuptheirmindstoringthebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotest（抗議）againstheavytruckswhichrundayandnightthroughthenarrowHighStreet.（全國(guó)卷）A.collegeB.villageC.townD.churchButthenagain，wouldtherebeachairinRoom316？Orwoulditbea（n）______room？A.smallB.emptyC.newD.neat三、完形填空(共10小題；每小題l分，滿分l0分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36～45各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Thousandsofyearsago,humandidn'tliveintowns.Sometimestheywouldliveincavesorbuildcamps(宿營(yíng)地)intheforest.Onlyaboutthirtypeople36ineachcamp.Themenwouldgohuntingwhilethewomenandchildren37foodfromthetreesaroundthecamp.Allthefoodwas38betweeneveryoneinthegroup.Everyfewweekstheymovedtoanotherplacetofindmorefood.Itwasasimplelife,butpeoplehadtobe39Theyhadtomakeeverythingthattheyneeded,andtheyhadtoknowalotaboutplantsandanimals.Nowadaysmostpeopleliveintownsandcities,andtheyworkinofficesandfactories.Lifeis40thanintheolddays.Therearefewer41,butthereislessexcitement.Somepeoplego42excitement—sailingroundtheworld,climbingmountains,orexploringcaves.Mostpeoplelookforwardtothe43,atimewhentheycanenjoyachangefromtheirnormallife.Forsomethismeansgoingcamping.Butcampingtodayis44fromcampinginthepast.Gascookers,readymadefoodandairbedsmeanpeoplecancampmuchmore45thantheydidintheoldtimes.36.A..livedB.talkedC.cameD.danced37.A.plantedB.collectedC.watchedD.bought38.A.foundB.usedC.sharedD.sold39.A.politeB.kindC.carefulD.clever40.A.worseB.fasterC.easierD.harder41.A.dangersB.storiesC.peopleD.animals42.A.waitingforB.lookingforC.turningonD.puttingon43.A.dreamsB.giftsC.mealsD.holidays44.A.awayB.differentC.freeD.far45.A.slowlyB.terriblyC.fortablyD.hopefully三．完形填空（本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）Wateristhe__46___ofallthethingsweeatanddrink.Notmanypeopleunderstandthisbut__47____quitetrue.Thehumanbodycangowithout___48___foralongtime.We’vegotmanyexamplesforthis.Yettwo__49___threedayswithoutwatercanusuallymakepeople__50____.Mancan’tlive__51____water.Manypeopledon’tunderstandhow___52__waterthehumanbodyneeds__53___workwell,andmanypeople,especiallyyoungpeople,donotdrinkenough,___54__inveryhotweather.Ourbodyhasmostlywater,about65%to75%.Thatistosayabouttwothirdsofourbodyiswater.Whenwedosports,someofthewaterwillgetawayfromourbody.__55_wedon’tdrinksomewater,wewon’thaveenoughwater．Andifwedon’thaveenoughwater,we’llfeeltiredandmanyofuswillgetill.Soyouknowhowimportantwateristous.()46.A.importantB.mostimportantC.moreimportantD.different()47.A.it’sB.itsC.itD.is()48.A.foodB.waterC.drinkD.meat()49.A.soB.AndC.ButD.or()50.A.todieB.dieC.todiedD.died()51.A.haveB.withC.withoutD.in()52.A.manyB.muchC.littleD.few()53.A.andB.theC./D.to()54.A.evenB.everC.almostD.hardly()55.A.IfB.ForC.SinceD.Because三、完形填空ItwasthelastdayofschoolandIplannedtotraveltomyfriend’shometown.Ihadn’tseenhimforyearsandthiswasagood1tomeethimagain.Iwasbusyatschoolsoitwasrather2whenIcamebackhome.Itwasalready10o’clockatnight.Timewasrunningout.AfterahurriedmealIleft.3Ifoundataxiverysoon.Askingthedrivertodrivemefasttothestation,Irelaxedforawhile,imaginingwhatmyfriendlookedlikenow.IwassoonatthestationandwassurethatIwouldbeableto4thetrain.Unfortunately,Ifellonthewayandlostsometime.Tomyplete5,whenIreachedtheplatform,Isawthatthetrainhadjustleft!ItwasthelasttrainsoIhadto6home.Mymotherwasgladtoseemebackasshehadafeelingaboutmytrip.ButIwasunhappy.ItriedtorelaxandwenttobedbutIhada7sleep.ThenextmorningIwasverytired.AsIwashavingbreakfastthe8arrived.Ireadoverthepagesandwasshockedto9thatthetrainImissedhadhadanaccident.How10IwasthatImissedthetrain!()1.A.signB.chanceC.senseD.dream()2.A.strangeB.coldC.lateD.quiet()3.A.FinallyB.SuddenlyC.StrangelyD.Luckily()4.A.stopB.seeC.catchD.miss()5.A.satisfactionB.hopeC.surpriseD.joy()6.A.callB.leaveC.reachD.return()7.A.deepB.badC.greatD.heavy()8.A.newspaperB.ticketC.mildD.train()9.A.findB.hearC.feelD.remember()10.A.hopefulB.thankfulC.carefulD.painful三、完形填空(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36~45各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Althoughitwasonlyautumn，everythingoutsidewascoveredinwhite．Unexpectedly,wewerehitwithabig36stormandnoonewasprepared．Wehavetwoappletreesinourbackyard．Prana，ourdog，loves37．Whenshegoesoutside，sheusuallygrabsadirtyapplefromthegroundtoeatlateron．Pranaknowsthatwhenshebringshertreasureintothehouse，Iamnotalways38，soshetriestohideitfromme．Itisourlittlegame．Onthedaythatitsnowedtoo39intheseason，PranawentoutsideandI40herfromthewindow．Inoticedthatshewas41lotsofholesandbringingouttheapplesburiedbeneaththesnow．Sheseemedtobe42todigupasmanyapplesasshecould．Butwhenshecamebackinside，shebroughtbackonlyone．Aboutfiveminuteslater,Ilookedoutside．Theyardwaspletely43withbirds．Pranahaddugupallthoseapplesforherbirdfriendstoeat．Sheknewthattheyhadn’tprepared44foodfortheearlywinter.Thisbeautifulactofunconditionallovefroma(an)45taughtmewhatrealkindnesswas．36．A．sandB．snowC．thunderD．rain37．A．a(chǎn)pplesB．winterC．gamesD．bones38．A．clearB．correctC．happyD．surprised39．A．1ateB．beautifullyC．1ightlyD．early40．A．metB．watchedC．calledD．heard41．A．hidingB．findingC．cuttingD．digging42．A．determinedB．suitableC．nervousD．encouraged43．A．hitB．markedC．coveredD．taken44．A．deliciousB．enoughC．1essD．extra45．A．teacherB．friendC．a(chǎn)nimalD．bird三、完型填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）Thereoncewasafarmerwholosthiswatchinhisbarn(谷倉(cāng)).Thewatchwasonlycheapbutwasvery____36tohimbecauseitwasagiftfromhisfather.After_37__thebarnforalongtime,hegaveupandaskedfor__38__fromagroupofchildrenplayingnearby.He__39__themthatthepersonwhofoundthe