2024年芯片行業(yè)概況（英）-27正式版

202FACTBOOKSEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYASSOCIATIONFACTBOOKIntroductionThedataincludedinthe2024SIAFactbookhelpsdemonstratetheresearchandscienceprogramsauthorizedbytheCHIPSandSciencestrengthandpromiseoftheU.S.semiconductorindustryandwhyitiscriticalforpolicymakerstoenactmeasuresthatboostgrowthandpromoteinnovation.Act.2.StrengthenAmerica’sTechnologyWorkforce:Implementanationalstrategy—backedbyappropriateinvestmentsandinconsultationwitheducationleadersandtheprivatesector—toimproveoureducationsystem,increasethenumberofAmericansgraduatinginSTEMfields,supportthosepursuingcareersinmicroelectronics,andensuretrainingandeducationopportunitiestofillopenpositions.ReformAmerica’shigh-skilledimmigrationsystemtoenableaccesstothebestandbrightestintheworld,includingforeignstudentswithgraduatedegreesinSTEMfieldsfromU.S.universities.Securefundingtostrengthenthesemiconductorworkforceatalllevelsandensurearobustpipelineatalleducationlevelsandskillsneeds.TheU.S.semiconductorindustryisakeydriverofAmerica’seconomicstrength,nationalsecurity,globalcompetitiveness,andtechnologyleadership.Semiconductorsenablethesystemsandproductsthatweusetowork,communicate,travel,entertain,harnessenergy,treatillness,andmakenewscientificdiscoveries.SemiconductorswereinventedinAmerica,andU.S.companiesstillleadtheglobalmarket,accountingfornearlyhalftheworld'schipsales.TohelppromoteinnovationandensureAmerica’scontinuedtechnologyleadership,policymakersshoulddothefollowing:3.PromoteFreeTradeandProtectIP:Approveandmodernizefreetradeagreementsthatremovemarketbarriers,protectIP,andenablefaircompetition.ExpandtheInformationTechnologyAgreement,oneoftheWorldTradeOrganization’smostsuccessfulfreetradeagreements.1.InvestinU.S.SemiconductorLeadership:ImplementthepoliciesandprogramsintheCHIPSandScienceActefficiently,promptly,andtransparently.DeviseregulationsfortheadvancedmanufacturinginvestmentcreditintheCHIPSActtoencompassthefullscopeofinvestmentsinthesemiconductorecosystem.AdoptpoliciestopromoteinnovationandU.S.competitiveness,suchasenactinganinvestmenttaxcreditforsemiconductordesignandstrengtheningtheR&Dtaxcredit.MaintainU.S.technologyleadershipbyinvestinginthe4.CooperateCloselywithLike-MindedEconomies:Alignpoliciesandregulationswithlikemindedalliestostrengthennationalsecurity,promotegrowth,innovation,andsupplychainresilience.PREFACE-i-FACTBOOKListofFigures(PageNumbersinParentheses)(1)SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEW(2)TheGlobalSemiconductorIndustryisaKeyGrowthSectorintheGlobalEconomy(3)TheU.S.SemiconductorIndustryhasNearlyHalftheGlobalMarketShare(4)U.S.-BasedSemiconductorCompanySaleshaveDisplayedSteadyAnnualGrowth(5)U.S.SemiconductorManufacturingCapacityintheU.S.RepresentsaShrinkingShare(6)SemiconductorsareOneofAmerica’sTopExports(7)SECTION2:GLOBALMARKET(8)GlobalSemiconductorSalesareDrivenbyProductsUltimatelyPurchasedbyConsumers(9)GlobalSemiconductorSalesareDiversifiedbyTypeofProductSold(10)AsiaPacificistheLargestRegionalSemiconductorMarket,andChinaistheLargestSingle-CountryMarket(11)SECTION3:CAPITALANDR&DINVESTMENT(12)TotalAnnualLevelsofInvestmentinCapitalandR&DareHighfortheIndustry(13)CapitalandR&DInvestmentareCriticaltoMaintainingaCompetitiveU.S.SemiconductorIndustry(14)InvestmentinCapitalExpendituresandR&DperEmployeeisVeryHighfortheU.S.Industry,Reaching$223,500in2023(15)U.S.SemiconductorIndustryR&DExpendituresareConsistentlyHigh,ReflectingtheInherentImportanceofR&DtoSemiconductorProduction(16)AnnualR&DExpendituresasaPercentofSaleshaveExceeded15PercentOverthePast20Years,AmongtheHighestRatesforanyU.S.Industry(17)TheU.S.SemiconductorIndustryisaLeaderinR&DSpendingasaPercentofSalesAmongMajorU.S.Industries(18)TheU.S.SemiconductorIndustrySpendsMoreonR&DasaPercentofSalesthananyOtherCountry’sSemiconductorIndustry(19)TheU.S.SemiconductorIndustryisHighlyCapitalIntensive,andAnnualIndustrySpendingonCapitalEquipmentTendstobeHighasaShareofSales(20)AnnualCapitalExpendituresasaPercentofSaleshaveAverageBetween10and15PercentOverthePast20Years(21)SECTION4:U.S.JOBS(22)TheU.S.SemiconductorIndustryAccountsforaQuarterofaMillionDirectU.S.JobsandOveraMillionAdditionalIndirectU.S.Jobs(23)SECTION5:U.S.PRODUCTIVITY(24)U.S.-BasedSemiconductorFirmshaveExperiencedRapidImprovementsinProductivityOverthePast20YearsPREFACE-ii-Section1INDUSTRYOVERVIEWSection1:IndustryOverview-1-SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEWTHEGLOBALSEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYISAKEYGROWTHSECTORINTHEGLOBALECONOMYWorldwidesemiconductorsalesincreasedfrom$139.0billionin2001to$526.9billionin2023,acompoundannualgrowthrateof6.0percentperyear.AccordingtotheWorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)Fall2023SemiconductorIndustryForecast,worldwidesemiconductorindustrysalesareforecastedtoincreaseto$588.4billionin2024andincreaseto$654.7billionin2025.**WSTS,Fall2023SemiconductorIndustryForecast700-8.2%’22/’236005004003002001000'01

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2223Source:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)andSIAEstimates.Section1:IndustryOverview-2-SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEWTHEU.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYHASNEARLYHALFTHEGLOBALMARKETSHARETheU.S.semiconductorindustryexperiencedasignificantlossinglobalmarketshareduringthe1980s.Intheearly1980s,U.S.-basedproducersheldmorethan50percentofworldwidesemiconductorsales.DuetointensecompetitionfromJapan-basedfirms,theeffectofillegal"dumping“,aswellasasevereindustryrecessionin1985to1986,theU.S.industrylostatotalofnineteenworldwidemarketsharepoints,andithadcededglobalindustrymarketshareleadershiptotheJapanesesemiconductorindustry.TheU.S.industryreboundedoverthenext10years,andby1997,ithadregaineditsleadershippositionwith50percentglobalmarketshare,apositiontheindustrycontinuestoholdtoday.U.S.semiconductorfirmshavemaintainedtheircompetitiveedgeinmicroprocessorsandotherleading-edgedevices,aswellashavingcontinuedtoleadinarangeofotherproductareas.Inaddition,U.S.semiconductorfirmsmaintainaleadingpositioninR&D,design,andprocesstechnology.Today,U.S.-basedfirmshavethelargestmarketsharewith50.2percent.Othercountries’industrieshavebetween7and15percentglobalmarketshare.60504030201002023U.S.50.2%Korea13.8%EUJapan9%12.7%Taiwan7.0%China*7.2%'83'84'85'86'87'88'89'90'91'92'93'94'95'96'97'98'99'00'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'22

23U.SJapanEuropeKoreaTaiwanChinaSource:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS),Gartner,Omdia,andSIAEstimates.Section1:IndustryOverview-3-SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEWU.S.-BASEDSEMICONDUCTORCOMPANYSALESHAVEDISPLAYEDSTEADYANNUALGROWTHSalesbyU.S.headquarteredsemiconductorfirmsgrewfrom$71.1billionin2001to$264.6billionin2023--acompoundannualgrowthrateof6.0percent.SalesgrowthforU.S.headquarteredcompaniesshowsthesamecyclicalfluctuationscharacterizedbytheindustryasawhole.300-3.2%’22/’23250200150100500'01

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'23Source:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)andSIAEstimates.Section1:IndustryOverview-4-SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEWU.S.-BASEDSEMICONDUCTORCOMPANIESMAINTAINMARKETSHARELEADERSHIPINMAJORREGIONALSEMICONDUCTORMARKETSIn2023,semiconductorfirmsbasedintheU.S.held50.2percentofthetotalsemiconductormarketshare,themostofanycountry’ssemiconductorindustry.Inallmajorcountryandregionalsemiconductormarkets,U.S.headquarteredcompaniesalsoheldsalesmarketshareleadership.U.S.FirmsOtherFirmsJAPANMARKET$46.8BEUROPEMARKET$55.8B42.0%58.0%48.8%51.2%AMERICASMARKET$134.452.2%47.8%ASIAPACIFIC/ALLOTHERMARKET$137.7B48.3%51.7%CHINESEMARKET$154.3B53.1%46.9%Source:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)andSIAEstimates.Section1:IndustryOverview-5-SECTION1:INDUSTRYOVERVIEWSEMICONDUCTORSAREONEOFAMERICA’STOPEXPORTSU.S.exportsofsemiconductorswereworth$52.7billionin2023,sixth-highestamongU.S.exports,behindonlyrefinedoil,crudeoil,airlines,naturalgas,andautomobiles.SemiconductorsconstitutedthelargestshareofU.S.exportsofallelectronicproductexports.Top6U.S.Exportsin2023($Bn)#1U.S.ElectronicProductExportin2023($Bn)Semiconductors$52.7Billion6050403020100SemiconductorsRefinedOil$121.0BillionRadioandTVBroadcastingandWirelessCommunicationEquipmentComputerEquipmentAircraft$113.3BillionElectromedicalDevicesCrudeOil$116.8billionComputersNaturalGas$67.9BillionCars$66.2BillionSource:U.S.InternationalTradeCommission.IndustrydefinedbyNAICScodes:334413(Semiconductors);334220(RadioandTVBroadcastingandWirelessCommunicationsEquipment);334118(ComputerEquipment);334111(Computers);334510(ElectromedicalDevices).Source:U.S.InternationalTradeCommission.IndustrydefinedbyNAICScodes:334413(Semiconductors);33641X(Aircraft);324110(RefinedOil);211130(NaturalGas);211120(CrudeOil);336110(Automobile)Section1:IndustryOverview-6-Section2GLOBALMARKETDiversifiedandConsumer-drivenSection2:GlobalMarket-7-SECTION2:GLOBALMARKETGLOBALSEMICONDUCTORSALESAREDRIVENBYPRODUCTSULTIMATELYPURCHASEDBYCONSUMERSThevastmajorityofsemiconductordemandisdrivenbyproductsultimatelypurchasedbyconsumers,suchaslaptops,smartphones,automobiles,andmore.Increasingly,consumerdemandisdriveninemergingmarketsincludingthoseinAsia,LatinAmerica,EasternEurope,andAfrica.Government2023TotalGlobalSemiconductorMarket:$526.9Billion1.0%Industrial14.0%25%PC/Computer11.0%Consumer17.0%32%AutomotiveCommunicationsNote:Militaryend-useisincludedinGovernment.Sources:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS).Section2:GlobalMarket-8-SECTION2:GLOBALMARKETGLOBALSEMICONDUCTORSALESAREDIVERSIFIEDBYTYPEOFPRODUCTSOLDSemiconductortechnologyhasrapidlyevolvedastheindustrydevelopsmoreadvancedproductsandprocesstechnologiesforapplicationsinend-useindustries.Inrecentyears,thelargestsegmentsoftheworldwidesemiconductorindustryhavebeenlogic,memory,analog,andMPU.In2023,theseproductsaccountedfor75percentofsemiconductorindustrysales.%ChangeoverlastyearDistributionofWorldwideSemiconductorSalesByProductSegment2022Logic$178.6B$92.3B+1.1%-28.9%-8.7%MemoryAnalog$81.2BMPUOpto$45.3B-10.9%$43.2B-1.6%+4.5%Discretes$35.5B$27.9BMCU+11.4%-9.4%-1.4%Sensor$19.7B$3.2BDSPSource:World

SemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)andSIAEstimates.Section2:GlobalMarket-9-SECTION2:GLOBALMARKETASIAPACIFICISTHELARGESTREGIONALSEMICONDUCTORMARKET,ANDCHINAISTHELARGESTSINGLE-COUNTRYMARKETIn2001,theAsiaPacificmarketsurpassedallotherregionalmarketsinsales,aselectronicequipmentproductionshiftedtotheregion.Ithasmultipliedinsizesincethen,from$39.8billionto$290.0billionin2023.Byfar,thelargestcountrymarketintheAsiaPacificregionisChina,whichaccountedfor53percentoftheAsiaPacificmarketand29percentofthetotalglobalmarket.Thisdatareflectssalesofsemiconductorstoelectronicequipmentmakersonly–finalelectronicproductscontainingsemiconductorsarethenshippedforconsumptionaroundtheworld.400AsiaPacific‘23-10%GlobalRegionalSemiconductorMarket($Billion)China‘23-15%Americas‘23-5%Europe’234%Japan‘23-3%35030025020015010050Note:Inthisgraph,theChinamarketdatafrom2014-2023representsasubsetoftheoverallAsiaPacificMarket0'95

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'23Section2:GlobalMarket-10-Source:WorldSemiconductorTradeStatistics(WSTS)andSIAEstimates.Section3CapitalandR&DInvestmentADrivingForceinMaintainingaCompetitiveU.S.SemiconductorIndustrySection3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-11-SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestmentTOTALANNUALLEVELSOFINVESTMENTINCAPITALANDR&DAREHIGHFORTHEINDUSTRYTotalR&DandcapitalexpendituresbyU.S.semiconductorfirms,includingfablesscompanies,was$107.5billionin2023.From2001to2023,thecompoundannualgrowthratewasapproximately5.9percent.Investmentlevelsintermsofshareofsaleshavegenerallynotbeensubjecttofluctuationsassociatedwithmarketcyclicality.R&DandCapitalExpenditures($Billion)120100806040200'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand10QFillingstotheU.S.SECandSIAEstimates.Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-12-SECTION3:Capital

andR&DInvestmentCAPITALANDR&DINVESTMENTARECRITICALTOMAINTAININGACOMPETITIVEU.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYToremaincompetitiveinthesemiconductorindustry,firmsmustcontinuallyinvestasignificantshareofrevenueinbothR&Dandnewplantsandequipment.Thepaceoftechnologicalchangeintheindustryrequiresthatcompaniesdevelopmorecomplexdesignsandprocesstechnologies,aswellasintroduceproductionmachinerycapableofmanufacturingcomponentswithsmallerfeaturesizes.Theabilitytodesignandproducestate-of-the-artsemiconductorcomponentscanonlybemaintainedthroughacontinualcommitmenttokeepingpacewithindustry-wideinvestmentratesofroughly30percentofsales.Theneedtostayattheleadingedgeoftechnologyhasresultedinsomeextremefluctuationsinyearssuchas2001and2002,whensalesdeclinedprecipitouslywhileexpendituresonR&Dandcapitalequipmentdidnotdeclineatthesamerate.40%CapitalandR&DInvestmentasPercentofSales35%30%25%20%15%10%5%0%'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand10QFillingstotheU.S.SECandSIAEstimates.Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-13-SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestmentINVESTMENTINCAPITALEXPENDITURESANDR&DPEREMPLOYEEDECLINEDTO$223,500IN2023From2001to2023,totalinvestmentperemployee(measuredbycombinedR&Dandnewgrossplantandequipment)hasincreasedatarateofabout3.3percentperyear.Theseexpendituresexceeded$100,000in2001butdeclinedtoroughly$91,000in2003afterthe2001downturn.Investmentperemployeeincreasedtoover$100,000in2006.The2008-2009recessionresultedinthedeclineofinvestmentperemployeein2009and2010butreturnedin2012andgrewto$223,500in2023.250000$PerEmployee200000150000100000500000'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand10QFillingstotheU.S.SECandSIAEstimates.Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-14-SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestmentU.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYR&DEXPENDITURESARECONSISTENTLYHIGH,REFLECTINGTHEINHERENTIMPORTANCEOFR&DTOSEMICONDUCTORPRODUCTIONU.S.semiconductorindustryR&Dexpendituresgrewatacompoundannualgrowthrateofapproximately6.7percentfrom2001to2023.R&DexpendituresbyU.S.semiconductorfirmstendtobeconsistentlyhigh,regardlessofcyclesinannualsales,whichreflectstheimportanceofinvestinginR&Dtosemiconductorproduction.In2023,totalU.S.semiconductorindustryinvestmentinR&Dtotaled$59.3billion.70R&DExpenditures($Billion)6050403020100'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand10QFillingstotheU.S.SECandSIAEstimates.Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-15-SECTION3:Capital

andR&DInvestmentANNUALR&DEXPENDITURESASAPERCENTOFSALESHAVEEXCEEDED15PERCENTOVERTHEPAST20YEARS,AMONGTHEHIGHESTRATESFORANYU.S.INDUSTRYAnnualR&Dexpendituresasapercentofsaleshaveexceeded15percentoverthepast20years.ThisrateisunprecedentedamongmajormanufacturingsectorsoftheUnitedStateseconomy.R&Dexpendituresareessentialtothecompetitivepositionofsemiconductorfirms.Therapidpaceoftechnologicalchangerequiresconstantadvancementsinprocesstechnologyanddevicecapabilities.TheincreaseinR&Din2001and2002wascausedbytheindustry'scommitmenttothefutureoftechnologydespiteaneconomicdownturn.The2003-2004decrease,aswellasthe2020-2021decrease,wasnotduetocutsinR&Dbudgetsbutrathertostrongerthanexpectedindustrygrowth,whichincreasedrevenuesfasterthanexpected.25%R&DExpendituresPercentofSales20%15%10%5%0%'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand10QFillingstotheU.S.SECandSIAEstimates.Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-16-SECTION3:CapitalandR&DInvestmentTHEU.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYISALEADERINR&DSPENDINGASAPERCENTOFSALESAMONGMAJORU.S.INDUSTRIESTherateofU.S.semiconductorindustryR&Dspendingisamongthehighestinkeymajorhightechnologyindustrialsectors.Basedonthe2023EUIndustrialR&DInvestmentScoreboard,theU.S.semiconductorindustrywassecondonlytotheU.S.pharmaceuticals&biotechnologyindustryintermsoftherateofR&Dspendingasapercentofsales.R&DExpendituresasaPercentofSalesPharmaceuticals&Biotechnology23.1%21.4%27.1%Semiconductors18.75%19.5%15.7%Software&ComputerServices9.2%9.1%19.0%MobileTelecommunications8.4%7.7%6.8%6.2%5.7%13.5%SemiconductorManufacturingEquipment10.3%ConsumerElectronics7.7%Note:*Excludingsemiconductors.Note:Slightdifferencesinsemiconductorindustrysharefrompage18tableduetodifferencesinmethodologyandsourcedata.Source:The2023EUIndustrialR&DInvestmentScoreboard.Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-17-SECTION3:Capital

andR&DInvestmentTHEU.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYSPENDSMOREONR&DASAPERCENTOFSALESTHANANYOTHERCOUNTRY’SSEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYU.S.semiconductorindustry'sR&Dspendingasapercentofsalesisunsurpassedbyanyothercountry’ssemiconductorindustry.R&DExpendituresasaPercentofSalesU.S.19.5%EuropeJapan14.0%12.0%TaiwanKorea11.0%9.5%China7.6%Note:Slightdifferencesinsemiconductorindustrysharefrompage18tableduetodifferencesinmethodologyandsourcedata.Source:The2022EUIndustrialR&DInvestmentScoreboard.Section3:CapitalandR&DInvestment-18-SECTION3:Capital

andR&DInvestmentTHEU.S.SEMICONDUCTORINDUSTRYISHIGHLYCAPITALINTENSIVE,ANDANNUALINDUSTRYSPENDINGONCAPITALEQUIPMENTTENDSTOBEHIGHASASHAREOFSALESTheU.S.semiconductorindustrygrosscapitalexpenditureswere$48.2billionin2023.Capitalexpendituresdeclinedfrom2001-2003duetothecompletionofmajornewfacilitiesduring1999-2001andincreaseduseoffoundries.2004sawarebound,andin2005theindustrywasinabalancedpositionintermsofcapitalexpendituresasapercentageofsales.In2011,afterasharpdeclinein2009duetotheglobaleconomicrecession,capitalexpendituresreboundedtoreach$23.7billion.In2023,capitalexpendituresslightlydecreasedfrom$50.7billionto$48.2billionfrom2022to2023.Capex,however,hasincreasedatanannualrateof5.1%since2001.60CapitalExpenditures($Billion)50403020100'01'02'03'04'05'06'07'08'09'10'11'12'13'14'15'16'17'18'19'20'21'2223Source:U.S.SemiconductorCompanies’10Kand