GB/T 18978.210-2024人-系統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)第210部分：以人為中心的交互系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

ICS13.180

CCSA25

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

代替GB/T18976—2003

人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)

第210部分：以人為中心的交互系統(tǒng)

設(shè)計(jì)

Ergonomicsofhuman?systeminteraction—Part210：Human?centreddesign

forinteractivesystems

（ISO9241?210：2019，IDT）

2024?08?23發(fā)布2025?03?01實(shí)施

國(guó)家市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理總局

國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)發(fā)布

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅴ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義··············································································································1

4采用以人為中心設(shè)計(jì)的理論基礎(chǔ)···················································································4

5以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)原則·······························································································5

5.1概述·················································································································5

5.2設(shè)計(jì)需基于對(duì)用戶(hù)、任務(wù)和環(huán)境的清晰認(rèn)知································································5

5.3用戶(hù)全程參與設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)······················································································5

5.4通過(guò)以用戶(hù)為中心的評(píng)估來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)和改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)······························································6

5.5設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程需迭代··································································································6

5.6設(shè)計(jì)需解決全流程的用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)················································································6

5.7設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)具有多學(xué)科技能和視角·············································································7

6規(guī)劃以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)·······························································································7

6.1通則·················································································································7

6.2職責(zé)·················································································································7

6.3規(guī)劃內(nèi)容···········································································································8

6.4與項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃的融合·······························································································8

6.5時(shí)間和資源········································································································8

7以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)·······························································································8

7.1概述·················································································································8

7.2理解并明確使用情境···························································································10

7.2.1概述··········································································································10

7.2.2使用情境描述······························································································10

7.2.3足夠的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)支持設(shè)計(jì)··················································································10

7.2.4為設(shè)計(jì)明確的使用情境··················································································10

7.3明確用戶(hù)需求····································································································11

7.3.1通則··········································································································11

7.3.2識(shí)別用戶(hù)和其他利益相關(guān)方的需要···································································11

7.3.3提取用戶(hù)需求······························································································11

7.3.4解決用戶(hù)需求之間的權(quán)衡···············································································11

Ⅰ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

7.3.5確保用戶(hù)需求規(guī)范的質(zhì)量···············································································11

7.4提出設(shè)計(jì)方案····································································································11

7.4.1通則··········································································································11

7.4.2在綜合考慮用戶(hù)體驗(yàn)的情況下設(shè)計(jì)用戶(hù)任務(wù)、用戶(hù)?系統(tǒng)交互和用戶(hù)界面以滿(mǎn)足用戶(hù)

需求··········································································································12

7.4.3具象化設(shè)計(jì)方案···························································································13

7.4.4基于以用戶(hù)為中心的評(píng)估和反饋修改設(shè)計(jì)方案····················································13

7.4.5將設(shè)計(jì)方案移交給負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)施的人員···································································13

7.5評(píng)估設(shè)計(jì)··········································································································13

7.5.1通則··········································································································13

7.5.2執(zhí)行以用戶(hù)為中心的評(píng)估···············································································14

7.5.3以用戶(hù)為中心的評(píng)估方法···············································································14

7.5.4基于用戶(hù)的測(cè)試···························································································14

7.5.5基于檢查的評(píng)估···························································································15

7.5.6長(zhǎng)期監(jiān)測(cè)····································································································15

8可持續(xù)性與以人為中心設(shè)計(jì)·······················································································15

9符合性··················································································································16

附錄A（資料性）ISO9241系列概述···············································································17

附錄B（資料性）評(píng)估適用性與符合性的過(guò)程示例······························································18

B.1概述···············································································································18

B.2如何使用該清單································································································18

B.3復(fù)制清單·········································································································18

參考文獻(xiàn)····················································································································24

Ⅱ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

本文件是GB/T18978的第210部分。GB/T18978已經(jīng)發(fā)布了以下部分：

——使用視覺(jué)顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類(lèi)工效學(xué)要求第1部分：概述；

——使用視覺(jué)顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類(lèi)工效學(xué)要求第2部分：任務(wù)要求指南；

——使用視覺(jué)顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類(lèi)工效學(xué)要求第10部分：對(duì)話(huà)原則；

——使用視覺(jué)顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類(lèi)工效學(xué)要求第12部分：信息呈現(xiàn)；

——使用視覺(jué)顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類(lèi)工效學(xué)要求第13部分：用戶(hù)指南；

——使用視覺(jué)顯示終端（VDTs）辦公的人類(lèi)工效學(xué)要求第16部分：直接操作對(duì)話(huà)；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)第11部分：可用性：定義和概念；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)第143部分：表單；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)第151部分：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶(hù)界面指南；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)第210部分：以人為中心的交互系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)第300部分：電子視覺(jué)顯示要求概述；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)第304部分：電子視覺(jué)顯示器的用戶(hù)績(jī)效測(cè)試方法；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)第307部分：電子視覺(jué)顯示器的分析和符合性試驗(yàn)方法；

——人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)第400部分：物理輸入設(shè)備的原則和要求。

本文件代替GB/T18976—2003《以人為中心的交互系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程》，與GB/T18976—2003相比，

除結(jié)構(gòu)和編輯性改動(dòng)，主要技術(shù)變化如下：

——更改了以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)原則（見(jiàn)第5章，2003年版的第5章）；

——更改了迭代在整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的作用（而不僅僅是評(píng)估）（見(jiàn)5.5，2003年版的5.4）；

——增加了以人為中心的方法可在系統(tǒng)的整個(gè)生命周期中使用（見(jiàn)6.1、6.5）；

——更改了設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)（見(jiàn)第7章，2003年版的第7章）；

——更改了圖1（見(jiàn)7.1，2003年版的7.1），便于分類(lèi)；

——增加了無(wú)障礙的相關(guān)內(nèi)容（見(jiàn)7.1）。

本文件等同采用ISO9241?210：2019《人?系統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)第210部分：以人為中心的交互系統(tǒng)

設(shè)計(jì)》。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專(zhuān)利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專(zhuān)利的責(zé)任。

本文件由全國(guó)人類(lèi)工效學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)（SAC/TC7）提出并歸口。

本文件起草單位：中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究院、美的集團(tuán)股份有限公司、山東賢思齊智能科技有限公司、鄭

州大學(xué)、廈門(mén)業(yè)盛電氣有限公司、安吉偉譽(yù)家具有限公司、大連海事大學(xué)、上海飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)研究院、北京聯(lián)

合大學(xué)、廣東中泰家具集團(tuán)有限公司、中標(biāo)能效科技（北京）有限公司、北京航空航天大學(xué)、海信空調(diào)有

限公司、首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)、青島海爾智能技術(shù)研發(fā)有限公司、寧波方太廚具有限公司、杭州老板電器

股份有限公司、內(nèi)蒙古電投能源股份有限公司、國(guó)家電投集團(tuán)科學(xué)技術(shù)研究院有限公司、工業(yè)和信息化

部電子第五研究所、北京津發(fā)科技股份有限公司、李寧（中國(guó)）體育用品有限公司、南京我樂(lè)家居股份有

限公司、國(guó)投中標(biāo)質(zhì)量基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施研究院有限公司、美的集團(tuán)（上海）有限公司、中標(biāo)能效科技（青島）有限

公司。

本文件主要起草人：呼慧敏、劉正捷、李銀霞、章哲、牛文磊、饒嘯、冉令華、陳林、張欣、董大勇、

Ⅲ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

趙朝義、王瑞、葛猛、葉欽賜、杜匯、楊?lèi)?ài)萍、王潔、杜俊敏、楊帆、羅玲、王中婷、吳海媚、王文麗、程偉香、

別清峰、于彩靈、俞貴濤、鐘素萍、徐長(zhǎng)友、郭蘇煜、沈峰、陳綱、朱亮標(biāo)、趙起超、汪春俊、韋波、宋云娜、

吳石、劉廷、陳劍、張悅、劉義瑋、馮才云、溫燕斌、陳凱、張超然、邵金鵬、周冬冬、初軍鵬、田浩、褚立慶、

孫少山、包建軍、張秋霞、李宏瑞、董煒茜。

本文件及其所代替文件的歷次版本發(fā)布情況為：

——2003年首次發(fā)布為GB/T18976—2003；

——本次為第一次修訂。

Ⅳ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2019

引言

GB/T18978人類(lèi)工效學(xué)系列國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與ISO9241系列國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相對(duì)應(yīng)，最初由17個(gè)部分組成，

該系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)給出了使用視覺(jué)顯示終端辦公的人類(lèi)工效學(xué)要求。在國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)復(fù)審時(shí)，ISO9241系列國(guó)際

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了重大調(diào)整，擴(kuò)大了范圍，納入了其他相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使其更方便使用。ISO9241的總標(biāo)題“人?系

統(tǒng)交互工效學(xué)”反映了調(diào)整后的變化，ISO9241與ISO/TC159/SC4分技術(shù)委員會(huì)的總標(biāo)題和范圍保

持一致。調(diào)整后多部分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所組成的系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以“百”來(lái)編號(hào)，其中100系列是軟件界面，200系列是

以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)，300系列涉及視覺(jué)顯示器，400系列涉及物理輸入設(shè)備等。其他沒(méi)有納入“百”系列

的ISO9241系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，仍然沿用舊的編號(hào)，如等同采標(biāo)ISO9241?11：2018的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，編號(hào)仍采用

GB/T18978.11。

與ISO9241系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相對(duì)應(yīng)，GB/T18978“百”系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)擬由以下系列組成。

——100系列：軟件工效學(xué)。目的在于確定與軟件工效學(xué)相關(guān)的過(guò)程和方法。

——200系列：以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)。目的在于為交互系統(tǒng)整個(gè)生命周期中以人為本的設(shè)計(jì)原則和

活動(dòng)提供要求和建議。

——300系列：顯示器和顯示器相關(guān)硬件。目的在于給出用于視覺(jué)顯示器工效學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)和評(píng)估的方

法、符合性措施和準(zhǔn)則。

——400系列：物理輸入設(shè)備。目的在于提供輸入、輸出設(shè)備的工效學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則、選擇規(guī)程、測(cè)試

和評(píng)估方法。

——500系列：工作空間。目的在于給出交互系統(tǒng)空間環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)的工效學(xué)原理和方法。

——600系列：環(huán)境工效學(xué)。目的在于給出環(huán)境工效學(xué)要求以及環(huán)境對(duì)人的影響。

——700系列：控制室。目的在于為控制室內(nèi)場(chǎng)所的工效學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)和評(píng)估提供要求、建議和指導(dǎo)。

——900系列：觸覺(jué)和觸感交互。目的在于為觸覺(jué)和觸感工效學(xué)交互設(shè)計(jì)和評(píng)估提供指導(dǎo)。

以人為中心設(shè)計(jì)是交互系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)的一種方法，旨在通過(guò)關(guān)注用戶(hù)的需要和需求，應(yīng)用人因?qū)W/人類(lèi)

工效學(xué)以及可用性的知識(shí)和方法，使系統(tǒng)可用并有用。這種方法提高了有效性和效率，改善了人的福

祉、用戶(hù)滿(mǎn)意度、無(wú)障礙和可持續(xù)性，并減少了使用中對(duì)人的健康、安全和績(jī)效可能產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響。

關(guān)于如何有效地組織和應(yīng)用以人為中心設(shè)計(jì)，有大量的人因?qū)W/人類(lèi)工效學(xué)和可用性知識(shí)。本文

件旨在提供這些信息，幫助負(fù)責(zé)管理硬件和軟件設(shè)計(jì)以及升級(jí)流程的人員確認(rèn)和規(guī)劃及時(shí)有效的以人

為中心設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)。

本文件所描述的以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)方法是對(duì)現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方法的補(bǔ)充。它能結(jié)合到各種各樣的

方法中，比如面向?qū)ο?、瀑布式和快速?yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)中。

ISO13407自制定并經(jīng)過(guò)十年的應(yīng)用驗(yàn)證以來(lái)，以人為中心的設(shè)計(jì)原則和相關(guān)活動(dòng)并沒(méi)有實(shí)質(zhì)性

的改變。本文件通過(guò)提出需求和建議反映了這一點(diǎn)。

Ⅴ

GB/T18978.210—2024/ISO9241?210:2