Unit2SportsCultureGrammarandusage課件高中英語譯林版（2020）選擇性

Unit2Grammar&usagePassiveVoice現(xiàn)在進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時

西游記中沙僧說得

最多的四句話？大師兄，師父被妖怪捉走了！二師兄，師父被妖怪捉走了！

大師兄，二師兄被妖怪捉走了！

大師兄，師父和二師兄被妖怪捉走了！什么是語態(tài)？語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用以說明句中主語和謂語關(guān)系。

主動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)activevoicepassivevoice猴子打八戒八戒被猴子打Themonkey

beats

Bajie.Bajieisbeatenbythemonkey.主語動作的發(fā)出者謂語動作賓語動作的承受者主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)動作的承受者主語當一個句子的主語是動作的承受者的時候，我們就可以稱這個句子為被動語態(tài)

主語

動作

主語

動作

主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)執(zhí)行承受把字句被字句Passivevoice（被動語態(tài)）

inthepresentcontinuous(現(xiàn)在進行時)

andpresentperfecttenses（現(xiàn)在完成時）一般現(xiàn)在時

表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，也表示客觀存在的事實和規(guī)律。主動語態(tài)：do\dose被動語態(tài)：am\is\are+done(過去分詞)Wecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.TheprettyyoungEnglishteacher______(love)byallherstudents.這位年輕漂亮的英語老師受到所有學(xué)生的喜愛。Asoundofpiano____________

(hear)inthenextroom.聽到隔壁房間里有鋼琴聲

islovedisoftenheard一般過去時表示在過去的某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，此動作或狀態(tài)始于過去并且結(jié)束于過去。主動語態(tài)：did被動語態(tài)：was\were+done(過去分詞)Wecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomwascleanedbyus.一般將來時表示將來某一特定時間將發(fā)生的動作或出現(xiàn)的某種狀態(tài)，也表示某種打算、計劃或準備要做某事。主動語態(tài)：will\shalldo被動語態(tài)：will\shall+be+done(過去分詞)WewillcleantheclassroomtomorrowTheclassroomwillbecleanedbyustomorrow.Thismatter____________(look)intointhefuture.將來會調(diào)查這件事的。What___________________(discuss)today?今天要討論什么呢？willbelookedisgoingtobediscussedPassivevoice（被動語態(tài)）

inthepresentcontinuous(現(xiàn)在進行時)

andpresentperfecttenses（現(xiàn)在完成時）現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。此動作始于過去，現(xiàn)在正在進行，而且可能會繼續(xù)進行下去。主動語態(tài)：be+doing現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)：am\is\are+being+done(過去分詞)Wearecleaningtheclassroom.Theclassroomisbeingcleanedbyus.be+done被動語態(tài)正在已經(jīng)被…Thepassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuoustense現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)強調(diào)主語是動作的承受者，表示說話時正在進行著的被動動作、現(xiàn)階段正在進行著的被動動作?？捎胋y引出動作的發(fā)出者。e.g.Themanisbeingquestionedbythepolicenow.這名男子現(xiàn)在正在接受警方的訊問。rulesTheverbformofthepassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuoustense:

現(xiàn)在進行時被動語態(tài)的動詞形式：肯定句：am/is/are+being+過去分詞否定句：am/is/are+not+being+過去分詞一般疑問句：Am/Is/Are+主語+being+動詞的過去分詞(三)用法1.表示說話時正在進行的被動動作。句中常用now，atthemoment等時間狀語。Myyoungersisterisnowbeinginterviewed.我妹妹現(xiàn)在正在接受采訪。2.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的被動動作(說話時不一定在進行)。Theseanimalsarebeinghuntedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearsoon.以如此速度捕殺動物，它們很快就會消失。3.表示一種習(xí)慣的被動行為，常與always，constantly，often等詞連用，表示有贊賞、羨慕、討厭等感情色彩。Ifeelverysurprisedthatthewindowofourclassroomisoftenbeingbroken.我感到非常吃驚的是我們教室的那扇窗戶經(jīng)常被打破。4.與某些情態(tài)動詞連用，表示對正在發(fā)生的動作的推測。Jimmaybebeinginterviewedbythereportersattheverymoment.吉姆此刻可能正在被記者們采訪。[名師點津]

(1)stay，love，have，want，belongto等一般不用于現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。(2)“be＋under/in等介詞＋名詞”

結(jié)構(gòu)可用來表示現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)的含義。Thetelephoneisinuse.＝Thetelephoneisbeingused.電話正在使用中。Thethief_______________(question)inthenextroom.那個小偷正在隔壁房間接受提問。isbeingquestioned現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或與現(xiàn)在仍有聯(lián)系。主動語態(tài)have\hasdone

被動語態(tài)：have\has+been+done(過去分詞)Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleanedbyus.be

done被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被…Thepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttense現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表示被動動作在過去發(fā)生或完成，但是對現(xiàn)在仍然有影響或者表示過去開始的被動動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,句中經(jīng)常有

“for+一段時間”,“since+從句”,sofar等狀語。e.g.Theyhaven'tbeentoldaboutityet.他們還沒有被告知這件事。Theverbformofthepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttense：

現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的動詞形式：肯定句：have/has+been+過去分詞否定句：have/has+not+been+過去分詞一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+been+過去分詞(二)用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)同它的主動語態(tài)一樣，強調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，通常與already，yet，just，never，recently等副詞連用。Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.機器已經(jīng)被修好了。[名師點津]常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語：already已經(jīng)yet已經(jīng)recently/lately最近sincethen從那時起eversince自那以來ever曾經(jīng)sofar迄今為止foralongtime很長一段時間bynow到現(xiàn)在為止inrecentyears在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears在過去的幾年里2.表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，或用于“Howlong...？”句型中。Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.公司的財務(wù)問題已被討論了近兩個小時了。Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?這部電影已放映多長時間了？3.用在時間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時已完成的動作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作業(yè)沒完成之前你不應(yīng)該離開學(xué)校。Theparty_______________(plan)sincethenewyear.此次聚會自新年起就被籌劃了。

Theproject__________________(complete).這項工程已經(jīng)完成了.hasbeenplannedhasbeencompleted現(xiàn)在完成時1.只帶有一個賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim.→Hehasalreadybeenpunished(byhisboss).注意事項2.帶有雙賓語的動詞，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，一般將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語時，間接賓語前面要用相應(yīng)的介詞。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany).→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany).返回Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Thesechildren

(look)afterbyanoldmannow.2.Howmanycars

(make)inthefactorysince1990?3.Sinceyourwork

(finish)，youcanhavearestnow.4.Manyinterestingexperiments

(carry)outthesedays.5.Morethan100famousfilms

(show)inthecitysinceJuly.arebeinglookedhavebeenmadehasbeenfinishedarebeingcarriedhavebeenshown熟能生巧6.Threenewschools

(open)inourcityinthepastfiveyears.7.Waitaminute.Thedishesforthedinner

(cook)inthekitchen.8.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsbecausetheirownhouse______________(rebuild).havebeenopenedarebeingcookedisbeingrebuiltMakesentenceswithpassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuousorpresentperfecttenses.constructTheroadisbeingconstructed.Theroadhasbeenconstructed.repairThecarisbeingrepaired.Thecarhasbeenrepaired.Thedishisbeingcooked.Thedishhasbeencooked.cook其他時態(tài)及其被動語態(tài)的補充一般現(xiàn)在時

表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，也表示客觀存在的事實和規(guī)律。主動語態(tài)：do\dose被動語態(tài)：am\is\are+done(過去分詞)Wecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.一般過去時表示在過去的某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，此動作或狀態(tài)始于過去并且結(jié)束于過去。主動語態(tài)：did被動語態(tài)：was\were+done(過去分詞)Wecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomwascleanedbyus.一般將來時表示將來某一特定時間將發(fā)生的動作或出現(xiàn)的某種狀態(tài)，也表示某種打算、計劃或準備要做某事。主動語態(tài)：will\shalldo被動語態(tài)：will\shall+be+done(過去分詞)WewillcleantheclassroomtomorrowTheclassroomwillbecleanedbyustomorrow.過去進行時表示過去某一特定時刻正在發(fā)生的動作。此動作始于過去，在過去某一特定時間正在進行，并可能繼續(xù)進行下去。主動語態(tài)：was\were+doing被動語態(tài)：was\were+being+done(過去分詞)

Wewerecleaningtheclassroomatthat

time.Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedbyusatthattime.WhenIcalled,tea_______________(serve).當我打電話時，正要上茶。TheChildren'sPalace_____________(build)lastmonth.I'mnotsure

ifitiscompleted.少年宮上個月正在被修建，我不清楚完成了沒有。wasbeingservedwasbeingbuilt過去完成時表示以過去某個時間為標準，在此過去時間以前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。主動語態(tài)：haddone被動語態(tài)：had+beendone(過去分詞)Wehadcleanedtheclassroombefore

hewenthome.Theclassroomhadbeencleanedbyus

beforehewenthome.Sophialookedatthelanternsthat_______________(light)andplaced

neartheopening.索菲婭望著那些已經(jīng)點亮的并放在洞口附近的燈籠

Thefire_____________(put)outwhenthefirefightersarrived.消防隊員到達時火己經(jīng)撲滅了.hadbeenlightedhadbeenput將來完成時表示以將來某個時間為標準，在此將來時間以前發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。主動語態(tài)：will+havedone被動語態(tài)：will+have+beendone(過去分詞)Wewillhavecleanedtheclassroomby5o’clockTheclassroomwillhavebeencleanedby5o’clock.Thedrawing____________________

(complete)bytheendofthisweek.這幅畫將在本周末完成。Thenewbooks___________________(enter)intheregisterbefore

anotherparcelarrives.這些新書在下一批書到來前將登記完畢。willhavebeencompleted

willhavebeenentered過去將來時從過去某個時間來看將要發(fā)生的事主動語態(tài)：woulddo\wasgoingto被動語態(tài)：would+bedone(過去分詞)Wesaidwewould

cleantheclassroom.Wesaidtheclassroomwouldbe

cleanedbyus.Hesaidthework_______________(finish)inaweek.他說這項工作將在一周后完成。Shetoldmethatawonderfulplay________________(put)onat

thistheare.她告訴我這家的院將上演一出精彩的戲劇。wouldbefinishedwasgoingtobeputAreyoureadytogetfit?WearehappytoannouncethattheCommunitySportsCentrewillsoonbeopentothepubliconceagain!Ourfacilitieshavebeenenlargedandredone,andourcentreisnowbiggerandbetterthaneverbefore.Thefinishingtouchesarenowbeingputtoanewswimmingpoolandourworkoutroomshavebeenupdatedwithmodernequipment.Comebyandcheckthemout.v.宣布對…進行最后的潤色已經(jīng)被更新Therearealotoffitnesscoursesforyoutochoosefrom.Inresponsetopublicinterest,ouraerobicsclasshasbeenreplacedwithseveralfunoptions,includingmoderndance.Youcanfindmoredetailsaboutallourcoursesonourwebsite.Betterstill,wewillupdateourfitnesscourseseveryfewmonthssothatmorepopularcoursescanbeincluded.Weighttrainingclasses,forexample,arebeingdesignedandwillbeaddedtoourprogrammesoon.Wewillinviteprofessionalathletestobeourcoaches.Weareconfidentthatwehavesomethingforeveryone.Welookforwardtoseeingyouhere!回應(yīng)v.代替n.體育生01Weusethepassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuoustensetotalkaboutsomethingthatisbeingdonerightnow.Theverbformis“(1)___________________Workingouttherulesis/are/ambeingdone

02Weusethepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendone.Theverbformis“(2)__________________has/havebeendonePracticeChinesecartoonfilms;inthelastfewyearsInthelastfewyears,manyChinesecartoonfilms_______________.havebeenmadePracticewatch;nowWe_________________byhernow.arebeingwatched

Practicerobots;sofarSofar,plentyofrobots_____________________.havebeenproducedPracticeCovid-19;forTheCovid-19_______________for3years.hasbeenspreadPracticebeat;lookLook,he_____________bythecat.isbeingbeatenB1P211Thecitygovernmentisbuildinganewcommunitysportscentre.2Someworkersarepaintingthewallsintheworkoutrooms.3Peoplehavetoldmethenewworkoutroomsareverymodern.4Jenny'sPEteacherhasaskedhertomakeanexerciseplan.5Theteachersaretestingstudentsontheirknowledgeoffitness.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingthepassivevoice.1Anewcommunitysportscentreisbeingbuilt(bythecitygovernment).2Thewallsintheworkoutroomsarebeingpainted(bysomeworkers).3Ihavebeentoldthatthenewworkoutroomsareverymodern.4Jennyhasbeenaskedtomakeanexerciseplan(byherPEteacher).5Studentsarebeingtestedontheirknowledgeoffitness(bytheteachers).1IvisitedthenewandimprovedCommunitySportsCentre.Itlooksamazing!Itisnotopentothepublicyet,butpreparations(1)_________________(make)presentlyforthereopening.Lotsofnewandmodernfacilities(2)_________________(put)inplace.Someoftheexercisemachines(3)_________________(test)byagroupofenergeticyoungpeoplenow.Awholenewrangeofcourses(4)_________________(design)forpeopleofallages,includingtaichiandboxing!ItriedouttheboxingclassandIlovedit!Thecoach,whowasaboxingchampion,waspatientandprofessional.Attheendoftheone-hourclass,Iwassweatingalloverbutfeltrelaxed.Despitealltheseimprovements,Ihavealsofoundsomethingthatstillneedstobedone:sofarnobasketballcourt(5)_________________(build).IloveplayingbasketballandIhopeabasketballcourtwillbebuiltinthenearfuture.Iamsureitwillmakethesportscentremorepopular.arebeingmadehavebeenputarebeingtestedhavebeendesignedhasbeenbuilt2Completethereviewwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.B2P211.Greatchanges________place.Manynewschools________．A.havetaken;havebeenopenedB.take;areopenC.aretaken;open

D.havebeentaken;areopened2.Untilnow,hishomeworkhasnot_______finished.A.beingB.be C.been D.tobe3.Thewindow______.Youneednotwashitagain.A.iswashed B.waswashedC.hasbeenwashed D.willbewashed單項選擇。4.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday________yet.A.arenotdecided B.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided5.Nopermissionhas_______foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengiven B.givenC.togive D.begiving6.Itiswell-knowntousthatalotofrivers______bythefactories.A.arepollutingB.havebeenpollutingC.arebeingpollutingD.arebeingpolluted7.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet.Therooms______.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpaintingObserveanddecidehowtochangeasentenceintopassivevoice.Thepostmanhasdeliveredthemail.(Active)

Thedecoratorispaintingmyroom.(Active)ApplyingtherulesThemail

hasbeendelivered(bythepostman).

(Passive)Myroom

isbeingpainted

(bythedecorator).(Passive)Step1:Movetheobjecttothebeginningofthesentence.Step2:Change

theactiveformoftheverbintopassiveform,maintainingtenseofthesentence.Step3:Addthepreposition“by”beforetheoriginalsubject,ifyouwanttomentionit,Rememberitcanbeomitted.Workouttherules:Focusonsomespecialoccasions.Theyhavetalkedabouttheissue.(Active)

Ifthereisaprepositionbetweentheverbandtheobject,theprepositionwillremainaftertheverb.Theissuehasbeentalkedabout.(Passive)Theyhavesentusacopy.(Active)

Focusonsomespecialoccasions.Somesentenceshavebothadirectobject(直接賓語)(usuallyathing)andanindirectobject(間接賓語)

(usuallyaperson).Youcanchooseeitheronetoformulatethepassivesentence.We

havebeensentacopy.(Passive)Acopyhasbeensenttous.(Passive)

AschoolnewsreporterisinterviewingMrLin,aPEteacher,aboutthepreparationsfortheschoolsportsmeeting.Inpairs,usethechecklistbelowtorole-playtheinterview.3Reporter:MrLin,thankyouforagreeingtothisinterview.MayIaskwhathasbeenpreparedforthesportsmeeting?MrLin:Well,thedateofthesportsmeetinghasbeendecided:14May.…Reporter:Thankyouforyourtime,MrLin.Ihopetheschoolsportsmeetingwillbeagreatsuccess!B3P21Onepossibleversion：Reporter:MrLin,thankyouforagreeingtothisinterview.MayIaskwhathasbeenpreparedforthesportsmeeting?MrLin:Well,thedateofthesportsmeetinghasbeendecided:14May.Reporter:

Whataboutthelocation?MrLin:Thelocationhasbeendecided.Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldinthenewschoolsportscentre.Reporter:Howmanysportseventswilltherebeforthesportsmeetingthisyear?MrLin:Lastyear,wehad30medalevents.Fivemorearebeingconsideredforthisyear.Reporter:Whataretherulesforeachsport?MrLin:Theyhaven'tbeendecidedyet.Reporter:

Hasalltheequipmentbeenputinplaceyet?MrLin:No.Theequipmentisbeingpreparedfornow.Reporter:Thankyouforyourtime,MrLin.Ihopetheschoolsportsmeetingwillbeagreatsuccess!1.Deletetheshortmessageatonce!Manyaman______bysuchtricksuptonow.(2020屆天津市河西區(qū)英語高三二模)A.arecheated

B.ischeatedC.havebeencheated D.hasbeencheated

2.(短文改錯)Havinginformedoftheactivity,weputforwardideasaboutthecontentsoftheposter.Afterabriefdiscussion,weagreedonthesubjectsofAIand5G.

(2020屆安徽省皖南八校高三臨門一卷)^been1.

Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolar

bearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorly(poor)

studied.(2019全國Ⅰ卷語法填空)由于大部分有關(guān)北極熊生活范圍的研究還很少，所以很難統(tǒng)計出全球北極熊的數(shù)量。2.A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”forbeing(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.

(2019全國Ⅱ卷語法填空)一位90歲老人因為是英國最年長的全職雇員而被評為“年度女性”。她仍然一周工作40個小時。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.3.Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.(2019江蘇完型填空)

當代野生動植物受到極大的威脅。4.

Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrained

todoso.(2018天津閱讀A篇)

只有在你受過訓(xùn)練的前提下才可以使用滅火器。5.Sarahhasbeentold/wastold

(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinth