現(xiàn)在完成時課件

現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時1.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分詞hadbreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2000IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforsixyears.Ihavelivedheresince2000/12yearsago.now現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：“have/has+過去分詞”現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定回式、否定式和疑問式及簡單回答。（以動詞do為例）肯定式I/Youhavedonethework.He/She/Ithasdonethework.We/You/Theyhavedonethework.否定式I/Youhavenot/haven’tdonethework.He/She/Ithasnot/hasn’tdonethework.We/You/Theyhavenot/haven’tdonethework.疑問式HaveI/youdonethework?Hashe/she/itdonethework?Havewe/you/theydonethework?簡單回答Yes,you/Ihave.No,you/Ihaven’t.Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasn’t.Yes,you/we/theyhave.No,you/we/theyhaven’t.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)成：“have/hasbeendoing”現(xiàn)在完成進行時的肯定回式、否定式和疑問式及簡單回答。（以動詞work為例）肯定式I/We/You/Theyhavebeenworking.He/She/Ithasbeenworking.否定式I/We/You/Theyhavenotbeenworking.He/She/Ithasnotbeenworking.疑問式HaveIbeenworking?Havewe/you/theybeenworking?Hashe/she/itbeenworking?簡單回答Yes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.Yes,you/we/theyhave.No,you/we/theyhaven’t.Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasn’t.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時一、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，常和just,already,never，ever，yet,notyet，before等狀語連用。

Hehasjustturnedoffthelight.

（燈關(guān)了,現(xiàn)在也是滅的.）現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時

Ihavealreadydonethedishes.

（盤子洗了，現(xiàn)在是干凈的。）

Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.

（她作業(yè)還沒有完成，還需要花時間去做。）

Ihavevisitedyourschoolbefore.

（我以前參觀過你的學(xué)校。）現(xiàn)在完成時

如果只表示過去動作的結(jié)果時，句子中也可以不用時間狀語。Ihavelostmykeys.

（我鑰匙丟了。）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.

（有人打破了窗戶。）Weknowhehaspassedthemathexam.

（我們知道他數(shù)學(xué)考試已及格。）現(xiàn)在完成時2.表示從過去某一時間開始，并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說話時動作剛剛結(jié)束或還要繼續(xù)進行下去）（此時常用現(xiàn)在完成進行時）的動作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時間的狀語連用，如for…,since,thesedays,today,thisweek/,inthepast/lastfewdays等，此時動詞常用延續(xù)性動詞。

Wehaveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.（我們還是孩子時就相互認識。）

Hehaslivedherefor20years. （他已在這兒住了二十年。）現(xiàn)在完成時IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor5years. （我學(xué)英語已經(jīng)五年了。）

IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall. （我從未去過長城。）非延續(xù)性動詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可以跟表示一段時間的時間狀語：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.現(xiàn)在完成時二．現(xiàn)在完成時需要注意的問題

1.完成時中短暫性的動詞一般不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。常見的這類動詞有：

appear,begin,start,borrow,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,leave,lend,sell,stop短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：

leave/go---havebeenaway;join---havebeena…/in…marry---havebeenmarried(to)..;buy---havehad;borrow---havekept;makefriendswithsb.---havebeenfriendswithsb.;come---have/hasbeen…;die---havebeendead/havebeenaway,begin/gettoknow---haveknown…現(xiàn)在完成時Wemadefriendswitheachother/becamefriendsinOctober,1997.

Wehavebeenfriendsfor10years.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

Mybrotherhasbeenasoldierfortwoyears.

Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.現(xiàn)在完成時2.現(xiàn)在完成時不能和明確表示過去時間的狀語連用，如：yesterday,lastweek,in1999,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein等。但可以和不明確指出時間的狀語連用。如：already,yet,before,never,ever,lately,recently,once等。1)Isawhimyesterday.Ihaveseenhimbefore.2)Shelivedherein1980.Shehaslivedheresince1980.Shehaslivedherefor24years.現(xiàn)在完成時3.have/hasbeen和have/hasgone的區(qū)別表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”要用“have/hasbeento”；表示“已經(jīng)了某地還未回來”要用“have/hasgoneto”;

表示“在某地呆了多久”用have/hasbeeninIhavebeentoShanghaithreetimes.HehasneverbeentotheGreatWall.Mr.Wangisnothere.HehasgonetoShanghai.TheGreenshavebeeninChinafor3years.現(xiàn)在完成時I,finish,homeworkIhaven’tfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.1.她成為一名護士已經(jīng)三年了。2.我五年前就認識李雷了。3.那些相片我已經(jīng)寄給他了。（post）4.我來到這個學(xué)校后，他就一直教我。5.我剛丟了我的歷史書。Shehasbeenanurseforthreeyears.IhaveknownLileisincefiveyearsago.Ihavealreadypostedthephotostohim.HehastaughtmesinceIcametotheschool.Ihavejustlostmyhistorybook.現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)分短暫性動詞與持續(xù)性動詞.表示短暫性(瞬間性)的動詞在現(xiàn)在完成時的句中不能和一段時間連用.即for,since短語或howlong問句現(xiàn)在完成時come/arrivegooutleavebeginbuyborrowjoindiecatchacoldbeat/in…beoutbeaway(from)beonhavekeepbeamemberofbedeadhaveacold現(xiàn)在完成時改錯:Howlonghaveyoubecomealeaguemember？

Formorethanoneyear.Haveyouarrivedheresincelastnight?Yes，you’reright.Thedoghasdiedforamonth.HehasgonetoShanghaitwice.Howlonghaveyoubeenatthisschool?Sincetwoyears.beenbeenbeendeadbeenago.現(xiàn)在完成時MakingsentencesThey___________(go)tothecinemaalready.Mr.AndMrs.Li________________(notcome)backyet.John______________(be)totheUSAafewtimes.We_______________(notsee)thatfilmyetI__________________(nottalk)tomycousinsincelastFriday.You_________________(notvisit)meforalongtime.havegonehavenotcomehasbeenhavenotseenhavenottalkedhavenotvisited現(xiàn)在完成時ChattimeM:______you____(see)anyfilmsrecently,Sandy?S:No,I_______.Whataboutyou?M:Yes,I_____________(see)one.S:Whatisitabout?M:I______________(forget)thetitle.It’saboutHongKong.Haveseenhaven’thaveseenhaveforgotten現(xiàn)在完成時S:______yourcousin____(go)withyou?M:No,he_______.He___