2020-2021學年高一下學期期末考試英語模擬卷02山東廣東專用考試版

2020-2021學年高一下學期期末考試英語模擬卷02（山東、廣東專用）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A（2020·珠海市第二中學高一月考）ThespreadofWesterneatinghabitsaroundtheworldisbadforhumanhealthandtheenvironment.ThesefindingscomefromanewreportinthejournalNature.DavidTillman,aprofessorofecologyattheUniversityofMinnesota,America,examinedinformationfrom100countriestoidentifywhatpeopleateandhowadietaffectedhealth.Henotedamovementbeginninginthe1960s.Hefoundthatasnationsindustrialized(工業(yè)化),populationincreasedandearningsrose,morepeoplebegantoadoptwhathasbeencalledtheWesterndiet.TheWesterndietishighinsugar,fat,oilandmeat.Byeatingthesefoods,peoplebegantogetfatterandsicker.DavidTillmansaysoverweightpeopleareatgreaterriskofnoninfectious(不傳染的)diseaseslikediabetes(糖尿病)andheartdisease.Unfortunatelywhenpeoplebecomeindustrialized,iftheyadoptthisWesterndiet,theyaregoingtohavethesehealthproblems,especiallyindevelopingcountriesinAsia.Chinaisanexamplewherethenumberofdiabetescaseshasbeenjumpingfromlessthanonepercentto10percentofthepopulationastheybegantoindustrializeovera20-yearperiod.Andthatishappeningallacrosstheworld,inMexico,inNigeriaandsoon.And,adietbadforhumanbeingsisalsobadfortheenvironment.Astheworld'spopulationgrows,moreforestsandtropicalareaswillbecomefarmlandsforcropsorgrasslandsforcattle.Wearelikelytohavemoregreenhousegasinthefuturefromagriculturethanthatcomingoutofallformsoftransportationrightnow.Mr.Tillmancallsthelinkamongthediet,theenvironmentandhumanhealth“atrilemma”—aproblemofferingadifficultchoice.HesaysonepossiblesolutionisleavingtheWesterndietbehind.1．Accordingtothepassage,moregreenhousegasmightbegivenoffinthefuturefrom______.A．transportation B．developingcountriesC．a(chǎn)griculture D．developedcountries2．DavidTillmanbelievesthat______.A．thediet,theenvironmentandhumanhealtharecloselyconnectedB．theWesterndietistheonlychoiceasthenationindustrializesC．peopleintropicalareasaremorelikelytohavediabetesD．traditionaldietsaremorebalancedthantheWesterndiet3．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.A．callonustoprotecttheenvironmentB．warnusoftheriskoftheWesterndietC．remindusoftheimportanceofhealthD．a(chǎn)dviseustohaveabalanceddietB（2021·山東濰坊市·濰坊一中高一月考）Bynow,mostofushavepickedupatleastonepandemichobby.Andthere'saseeminglycommonpandemichobbytrend:Peoplewhohaven'tbeenabletogoanywherearemakingimaginarytravelplans.Maybeyou'reamongthosewhohavespenthoursresearchinglocations-eventhoughyou'renotactuallyplanningtotravel.Itturnsoutthatyouaren'talone.Peoplewhoseemtobestickingtopublicsafetyrecommendationsarestillplanningtripstheydon'tintendtobook.And,whenIsuddenlyfoundmyselfaddictedtoanimaginarygirls'triptoJoshuaTree,Iwonderedwhetherthiswasahealthydistraction."It'sanescapistimagination,"saidRegineGalanti,apsychologist,addingthatthere'snothingwrongwithescapismduringaglobalpandemic.Ontheonehand,distractionsareoftenbeneficialrightnow.WeareafullyearintolivingwithCOVID-19asapandemic,andthatmeansyou'veprobablyhadtonavigatearangeofemotionslikediscomfort,sadness,orevenboredom.Soanyhobbythatdoesn'tharmanyoneorendangeryourwell-beingisprobablyaworthyattempt.Evenifvacationplanningisyourhappyplace,Dr.Galantisuggestsyou"actuallythinkaboutwhatyou'retryingtoachieve."Why?"Maybewhatyou'resayingis,Ineedavacationfromwork,"Dr.Galantiexplains."Thentakethreedaysoffevenifyouarenotgoinganywhere."Whenyoufigureoutwhatyou'relookingfor,youmightbeabletofindasmallsociallydistancedadventureinyourbackyardoraquietplace.Vacationplanningisagoodwaytospendsometime,buttheremightbeanevenbetterwaytogetwhatyou'redesiring.Anyway,whenuncertaintyisallaroundus,creatingthingstolookforwardtoisn'taterribleidea.Andwhenthingsaresafer,you'llhaveallyourplansinplace.4．Whydopeoplemakeimaginarytravelplansduringthepandemic?A．Todevelopanewhobby. B．Tostaysafeandsound.C．Tobedistractedfromreality. D．Togetreadyforfuturetravel.5．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheword"navigate"underlinedinparagraph4?A．Express. B．Balance. C．Adaptto. D．Dealwith.6．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsimaginarytravelplans?A．Objective. B．Negative. C．Supportive. D．Unclear.7．Whichsectionofthenewspaperdoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A．Figures. B．Lifestyle.C．Foodandrecipe. D．Scienceandtechnology.C（2020·濟南市·山東師范大學附中高一月考）Aftertravelingtenyearsandhundredsofmillionsofkilometers,asmallprobe(探測器)calledPhilaehasforthefirsttimelandedonthesurfaceofacomet,asolarsystemobjectmadeoficeandrock.PhilaewassentfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency’smainRosettaspaceshipearlyWednesday,November12,2014.Originally,themissionofthespaceshipwastotargetComet46PbutwhenthelaunchwasdelayedduetoproblemswiththeAriane5launchvehicle,themissionwasredirectedtoComet67P,tostudytheappearanceandmaterialsthatmakeupComet67P.ThePhilaeresearchprobeleftitsmothershipRosettaandthenbeganatriptowardthecometandlandedonitssurfacehourslater.Theefforttolandonthecometwasconsidereddangerousbecausejustbeforetheplannedlanding,scientistsidentifiedproblemsinPhilae’sactivedescentsystemthruster(推進器)usedtolandtheprobe.RosettahasbeenorbitingComet67PsinceAugust2014.However,itwassentupintospaceinMarchof2004.Thespaceshipcircledthesununtilitwasinpositiontomeetwiththecomet.Cometsarethemostprimitive(原始的)objectsinthesolarsystem.Scientiststhinkthattheyhavekeptarecordofthephysicalandchemicalprocessesthatoccurredduringtheearlyperiodwhenplanetswereformed.BystudyingComet67P’smake-upandhistory,scientistswishtounlockthesecretofthesolarsystemandeventheoriginofhumanlives.ThePhilaeprobedidaseriesofscientificexperiments.Philaeexaminedthematerialsthatmakeupthecometlookingfororganic,orcarbon-basedmaterials,andinorganicmaterials.ItlasteduntilMarch2015,whenthecometwastooclosetothesunandthesurfacetemperaturewastoohighforPhilaetooperate.8．WhatwasRosettalaunchedtodo?A．TosendPhilaetoComet67Psafely.B．TostudytheappearanceofComet46P.C．TocollectinformationaboutComet67P.D．Toresearchonthemake-upofthesolarsystem.9．WhywasithardforPhilaetolandonComet67P?A．Duetotechnologicalissues.B．Asaresultofpowerfailure.C．Becauseoflackofexperience.D．Duetoproblemsinradiosystems.10．Whatdoscientiststhinkoftheresearchoncomets?A．Challenging. B．Satisfying. C．Meaningful. D．Impractical.11．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．PhilaelandingonComet67PB．AnothercometfoundinspaceC．OnestepfurtheringeographyresearchD．GreatimprovementinspaceshipdesignD（2021·廣東惠州市·惠州一中高一期中）No,Tom’slifewentalongwellenough,especiallyinsummer.Heonlybeggedjustenoughtosavehimself,forthelawsagainstbeggingwerestringent,andthepunishmentheavy;soheputinagooddealofhistimelisteningtoAndrew’scharmingoldtalesandlegendsaboutgiantsandfairies,dwarfsandfairies,castles,andattractivekingsandprinces.Hisheadgrewtobefullofthesewonderfulthings,andmanyanightashelayinthedarkonhisunpleasantstraw,tired,hungry,heunleashed(釋放)hisimaginationandsoonforgothisachesandpainsindeliciouspicturingstohimselfofthecharminglifeofaprinceinaroyalpalace.Onedesirecameintimetohaunt(縈繞)himdayandnight:itwastoseearealprince,withhisowneyes.Hespokeofitoncetosomeofhisfriends;buttheylaughedathimsohewasgladtokeephisdreamtohimselfafterthat.Heoftenreadtheoldbooks.Hisdreamingsandreadingsworkedcertainchangesinhim,by-and-by.Hisdream-peopleweresofinethathegrewtoexpresshissorrowathisshabbyclothingandhisdirt.Hewentonplayinginthemudjustthesameandenjoyingit,too;but,insteadofsplashingaroundintheThamessolelyforthefunofit,hebegantofindanaddedvalueinitbecauseofthewashingsandcleansingsitafforded.By-and-byTom’sreadinganddreamingaboutprincelylifebroughtaboutsuchastrongeffectuponhimthathebegantoACTtheprince,unconsciously.Hisspeechandmannersbecamecuriouslyceremoniousandextremelypolite,tothevastadmirationandamusementofhisclosefriends.Tom’sinfluenceamongtheseyoungpeoplebegantogrownow,daybyday;andintimehecametobelookedupto,bythem,withasortofrespectandfear,asasuperiorbeing.Heseemedtoknowsomuch!Andhecoulddoandsaysuchmarvelousthings!Andhewassodeepandwise!Tom’sremarks,andTom’sperformances,werereportedbytheboystotheirelders;andthese,also,presentlybegantodiscussTom,andtoregardhimasamostgiftedandextraordinarycreature.Full-grownpeoplebroughttheirproblemstoTomforsolution,andwereoftenastonishedatthewitandwisdomofhisdecisions.Infacthewasbecomeaherotoallwhoknewhimexcepthisownfamily—these,only,sawnothinginhim.12．Whatdoestheunderlineword“stringent”inparagraph1mean?A．Fair. B．Equal. C．Strict. D．Common.13．WhatdidTomdreamabout?A．Owningacharmingcastle.B．Livinginaroyalpalace.C．Beggingenoughfoodfromothers.D．Meetingarealprinceinperson.14．Accordingtoparagraph2,Tom________.A．begantocareabouthisappearanceB．wasunwillingtoplayinthemudC．feltsorryforhisdirtylifeD．triedtofindvaluablethingsintheThames15．WhatcanweinferaboutTom’sreadinganddreamingfromparagraph4?A．TheybroughtTomalotofpraises.B．TheymadeTomahero.C．TheyhelpedTomwinrespect.D．Theychangedhimintoafull-grownperson.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2021·山東濟南市·高一期末）WaystoDevelopaReadingHabitYouknowreadingisgoodforyou,butyoucan'tseemtoconcentrateonreadingabook.Yougetafewpagesinandthengetdistracted.Youendupdraggingthebookaroundformonths,movingitfromthecoffeetabletoyourbedsidetabletoyourbriefcase,butyouneverseemtofindtimetoactuallyreadit.Ifyou'retiredofthat,don'tworry.16．■Maketimeforit.Unlessyouschedulereadingtimeinyourbusyday,youmaynotbeabletosqueezeit.17．Bydoingsoyouassignasenseofimportancetoit,andthiswillensurethatyoutreatreadingwithrespectratherthanignoringit.■Makereadinglist.Doabitofresearchifyourpreviouschoicesofauthorshavebeenuninspiring.18．Anythingbeyond20booksforanentireyearcouldbetooambitiousifyou'rejustgettingstartedasanewreader.■19．Readingismeanttobeanenjoyable,eye-openingexperience.Ifyoufindyourselfstressingoutoryawningoveradifficultorboringbook,dogiveittryforafewmorepagesbutgiveupifitendsupupsettingyou.■Readtosomeone.Agreatwaytogetintoreadingmoreistoreadtosomeoneelse:anelderlypersonorafriend'schildoryourownsonordaughter.20．Itwillmakethelistenerfeelinspired,andasforyou,youwillhaveareadingassignmentthathelpsyousticktoyourreadinghabit!A．Putbookbagseverywhere.B．Knowwhentogiveupabook.C．Juststayawayfromthosewhohavereadit.D．Therearemanywaysyoucanturnintoabooklover.E.Createalistwithexcitingbooksandstories-justdon'toverdoit.F.Readingtoothersisafascinatingwaytosharethepleasureofreading.G.Evenifyoucanonlydevote15minutesforreading,doputitinyourschedule.第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。（2021·廣東東莞市·高一期中）WhenIwas10,Iwasdiagnosed(診斷)withcancer.Duringtreatment,Iunderstoodeverythingbutthe21ofmycase.ItwasnotuntilrecentlythatIrealizedhowsickIwasthen.ThisNovemberof2021willmarkmyfiveyearsofchemotherapy(化療)andIwillbefinally22ofcancer.Iknowsickchildrenoftenfeltblue.Inordertohelpbrightentheir23,IcreatedaprogramthroughwhichIbroughtcelebrities(名人)children24andrespectedtovisittheminhospitals.ThejoyIreceivedfrombeingableto25thechildren’sdaywasindescribable(難以形容的).Thisfall,Iwillentermyjunioryearofhighschool.IlovelearningandItruly26thetimespentinschoolbecauseduringchemotherapytreatmentsIwasoftentoo27toattend.Anotherbigpartofmylifeis28activity.Duringmytreatmentitwasveryhardformetowalk—letalone29.Afterfinishingchemotherapymymain30wasbeingabletorunandplay31again.I’moverjoyedtosayI’vebeenableto32thataim.Beingabletostandonthecourtandplaysportsagainisanamazingfeeling.Tomeit’simportanttoconveyamessageofpositivityandhopethatanyonecanmakethemostofanysituationinlife.Manydon’t33andthinkit’sstrangewhenIsaythis,butI’mtrulygratefulthatIhadcancer.Havingexperiencedthat,Ihavebecomebraveandhavealsogained34forlife.Iknowwithdeterminationeveryonecanfollowtheir35.21．A．development B．seriousness C．name D．cause22．A．warned B．told C．suspected D．cured23．A．future B．spirits C．rooms D．way24．A．a(chǎn)ttracted B．impressed C．a(chǎn)dmired D．missed25．A．makeup B．carryon C．resultin D．lightup26．A．kill B．save C．value D．waste27．A．weak B．young C．lazy D．busy28．A．mental B．indoor C．physical D．social29．A．swim B．run C．jump D．lie30．A．goal B．task C．problem D．idea31．A．cards B．chess C．sports D．music32．A．further B．kick C．set D．a(chǎn)chieve33．A．speak B．understand C．a(chǎn)pologize D．remember34．A．a(chǎn)ppreciation B．energy C．a(chǎn)mbition D．honesty35．A．steps B．examples C．suggestions D．dreams第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（2021·山東青島市·高一期中）bytheBBCasoneofthemostinfluential36．(figure)ofscienceinthe20thCenturyalongwithAlbertEinsteinandAlanMathisonTuring.TuYouyouwasnotedforherbraveryinbeingascientistduringadifficulttimeforscienceinChina,herabilitytouseold37．(wise)andnewmethodstoachievehergoalsandthefactthatherwork38．(bridge)theEasternandWesternworlds,39．(save)millionsoflives.In1969,Tu40．(choose)toestablishateamtofindacureformalaria.Thiswasnotaneasytask.Thereasonwhythiswasdifficultwasthattheteamhad41．(limit)resources.Theydidnothaveenoughstaff,andthelaboratory42．theyworkedhadpoorairquality.However,afterhundredsoffailedexperiments,theyeventuallycameacrossapromisingchemical.Itworkedwellinexperimentsonanimals,43．theyhadtoknowifitwassafeforhumans.Tu44．(brave)volunteeredtobethefirsthumansubjectwhentheywerereadytostarttestingandtherestofherteamfollowedher.Thetestwas45．success.Themedicinetheydiscovered,artemisinin,hasnowbecometheworld’smosteffectivedrugforfightingmalaria.Manyhaveheardofshark’sfinsoup.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）（2021·山東菏澤市·高一期末）英語老師要求同學們寫一篇題為TheclassmateIadmirebest的英語短文，請你結(jié)合以下要點介紹一下你的同學李華：1.學習方面；2.性格；3.師生關(guān)系。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。（2021·廣東高一月考）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Whenhewas18,OmarBrookslefthomeinCanonsburgtojointhearmy.HistrainingtookhimtoFortStewartinGeorgia,whereeverymorningaftergettingupat6:30,thesoldiersofthe3rdInfantryDivisionsang“DogfaceSoldier”—aWorldWarIIsong.“I’mjustadogfacesoldier,witharifle(步槍)onmyshoulder,andIeatrawmeatforbreakfasteveryday…”The3rdDivisionwasamongthefirstwaveofgroundforcestoattackIraqfromKuwait,andBrookswasthefirstfromhisarmytodriveacrosstheborderinavehiclearmedwitheightmissilesanda50-calibermachinegun.Hesurvived,buthelostfriendsandstruggledw