高中英語北師大版選擇性必修一UNIT 3 培優(yōu)提能限時(shí)練(四)

培優(yōu)提能限時(shí)練(四)(限時(shí)：60分鐘滿分：75分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共8小題，每小題2.5分，滿分20分)AWhenJohnwasgrowingup，otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden，carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood，hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction，abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall，hewashappier.Farhappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40-yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.“Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetenceandcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety，”saidGeorgeVaillant，thepsychologistwhomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves，othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant，theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs，housework，effortinschool，andabilitytodealwithproblems.Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople，fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility，independence，confidenceandcompetence—theunderpinningsofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid，“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove，toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章通過John的例子并結(jié)合一個(gè)研究說明童年時(shí)期勞動(dòng)的孩子長大后會(huì)更快樂、更成功。1．WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A．Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage.B．Hehadafewchildhoodplaymates.C．Hereceivedalittlelovefromhisfamily.D．Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后三句“Hehadmorejobsatisfaction，abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall，hewashappier.Farhappier.”可知選A。2．Vaillant’swordsinparagraph2serveas.A．a(chǎn)nanalysisofhowworkwasrelatedtocompetenceB．a(chǎn)descriptionofpersonalvaluesandsocialvaluesC．a(chǎn)nexampleforparents’expectationsoftheirchildrenD．a(chǎn)nexplanationwhysomeboysgrewintohappymen答案D解析推理判斷題。由第二段第三、四句可知，孩子們通過工作獲得能力并感受到社會(huì)價(jià)值，因而對(duì)自我滿意，也獲得了他人對(duì)自己的滿意，因而Vaillant的話是對(duì)為何孩子成長為快樂的人的解釋。3．Vaillant’steamobtainedtheirfindingsby.A．evaluatingthemen’smentalhealthB．recordingtheboys’effortsinschoolC．comparingdifferentsetsofscoresD．measuringthemen’sproblem-solvingability答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“UnderVaillant，theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.”可知選C。4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Competentadultsknowmoreaboutlovethanwork.B．Emotionalhealthisessentialtoawonderfuladultlife.C．Lovebringsmorejoytopeoplethanworkdoes.D．Independenceisthekeytoone’ssuccess.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知，孩提時(shí)代的勞動(dòng)能夠培養(yǎng)一個(gè)人多方面的能力，這些能力正是情感健康的基礎(chǔ)，同時(shí)也能幫助他們過上更快樂的生活。由此可推斷出情感健康對(duì)享受精彩的成年生活十分重要。故選B。BOnegroupofresearchersfoundthata14-minutevideoofnegativeTVnewscanrapidlyincreaseanxietyandsadness.What’sparticularlynoteworthyisthatbeyondcausinganxietyandsadness，participantsofthestudywhosawnegativenewsexpressedgreateranxietyrelatedtotheirownpersonalissues.Sodepressingandfear-causingnewscanmakepeoplefeelsadderandmoreanxious，which，inturn，canmagnifytheirownproblems.Howabout“positive”newsorstories?Thefewstudiesthatexistsuggestthatinspiring，positivemediasourceshavetheoppositeeffectsofnegativemedia.TheseresearchersfoundthatviewingashortvideoofayoungmanwhoestablishedahomelessshelterinPhiladelphiawasspecificallyabletoinducegratitudeandlove.Anothergroupofscientistsshowedsomevolunteersavideoinwhichamusicianpaystribute(高度贊揚(yáng))tohisformermusicteacherforsavinghimfromalifeofviolence.Seeingthatvideosignificantlyincreasedthewillingnessoftheparticipantstovolunteer.Allofthisresearchledmetoinventingthephrase:“Justasyouarewhatyoueat，youarewhatyousee.”Infact，Ionlyrecentlylearnedthattheword“diet”doesnotjustrefertowhatfoodweeat—itcomesfromtheGreekmeaningfor“wayoflife”orhowoneliveshisorherlife.Withthatbroadeneddefinition，theword“diet”hasagreater，moreall-encompassingmeaninginrelationtothethingsthatweabsorb—food，stories，images，sounds(music)—andhowtheyimpactus.Thisdoesnotmeanwehavetoignorenegativenews.Thereareimportantthingsthatwecanlearn，whichcanhelpusunderstandwhatotherpeoplearegoingthroughandhowwecanhelptofixtheirproblems.Thisalljustmeansthatweneedabalancedvisualdiet—onethatnourishesthesoulandmotivatesustotakeactionandmakethingsbetter.語篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。作者陳述了“負(fù)面新聞”和“積極新聞”對(duì)人的影響。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnify”meaninparagraph1?A．Replace. B．Cause.C．Worsen. D．Express.答案C解析詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞前文“What’sparticularlynoteworthy...expressedgreateranxietyrelatedtotheirownpersonalissues.”可知，負(fù)面新聞會(huì)讓觀看者對(duì)于自己的問題更焦慮，使自己的問題惡化，因此推知“magnify”表示“擴(kuò)大；加重”。故選C。6．Whatcanwelearnabout“positive”newsaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Ithasthesameeffectasnegativenews.B．Itcanbringaboutgratitudeandlove.C．Itcansavepeoplefromalifeofviolence.D．Itcanmakevolunteeractivitiesrewarding.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thefewstudiesthatexistsuggestthatinspiring，positivemediasources....inducegratitudeandlove.”可知，“積極”新聞可以帶來感激和愛。故選B。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinventedbytheauthormean?A．Goodeatinghabitsareimportant.B．Whatweeatreflectsourculture.C．People’swayoflifeiscomplex.D．Whatweabsorbcaninfluenceus.答案D解析句意理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Withthatbroadeneddefinition...thethingsthatweabsorb—food，stories，images，sounds(music)—andhowtheyimpactus.”可知，這句話表明我們吸收的東西會(huì)影響我們。故選D。8．What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A．TocriticizenegativeTVnews.B．Toprovethebenefitofpositivenews.C．Toexplainaphrasethatheinvented.D．Toshowhisopiniononavisualdiet.答案D解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thisalljustmeansthatweneedabalancedvisualdiet—onethatnourishesthesoulandmotivatesustotakeactionandmakethingsbetter.”可知，作者寫這篇文章是為了表達(dá)他對(duì)“視覺飲食”的看法。故選D。Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)Haveyouseenpeoplewhotakepicturesoffoodformorethan10minutesbeforeeating？MyfriendStellaissuchanexample.Everytimewewenttoarestaurant，shewouldnottakeabiteuntilallthedisheswe1wereonthetable.Thenshewouldspendfiveminutesin2thedishesinaseeminglyrandombutinfact3order.Thenthemostimportantpart：takingpictures.Afterthat，shewouldchooseoneofthe4andclickinthefilter(濾鏡)app.Thefoodeventuallylooked10timesmoredeliciousthanitreallywas，butwehadno5toreallyenjoyit—itallwentcold.ActuallyStella’sreallifeismuchlesselegant.Forexample，shehatestowashthedishes，sosheleavestheminthesinkfordays.Manypeoplecaretoomuchaboutothers’opinionsandtrytoohardto6others.Theyfindithardtobe7andtoacceptthemselves，andthustheyareafraidtoshowtheir8lifeonsocialmedia.Whattheyaretryingtoproveis9whattheylackinreality.Butthiswillnotbringany10toreality，astheystill11thesameoldpatternoflife.Iftheyreallywantanelegantlife，theyshouldputmore12intoachievingit13fabricating(偽造)it.Beingmoreconfident，14themselvesandtryingtheirbesttobebetteraremuchmoremeaningfulthan15theirlifeonsocialmedia.語篇解讀這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了現(xiàn)在一些人在社交媒體上過度美化自己的生活，作者認(rèn)為這是不自信、不敢接受自己造成的。如果他們想要優(yōu)雅的生活，他們應(yīng)該更加努力，而不是制造假象。1．A.ordered B．servedC．offered D．prepared答案A解析句意：每次我們?nèi)ワ堭^，直到我們點(diǎn)的菜都上桌了她才會(huì)開始吃。order點(diǎn)菜；serve服務(wù)；offer提供；prepare準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是指作者他們點(diǎn)的菜被端上桌。故選A項(xiàng)。2．A.cooking B．washingC．setting D．collecting答案C解析句意：然后她會(huì)用五分鐘以一種看起來隨意實(shí)際是布置好的順序來擺菜品。cook烹飪；wash清洗；set擺，放，置；collect收集。根據(jù)下文的“Thenthemostimportantpart：takingpictures.”可推測(cè)，她要把菜品擺好來拍照。故選C項(xiàng)。3．A.messy B．a(chǎn)rrangedC．casual D．missed答案B解析參考上題句意解析。messy雜亂的；arranged布置好的；casual隨意的；missed錯(cuò)過的。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)選擇一個(gè)和random意思相反的詞。故選B項(xiàng)。4．A.dishes B．restaurantsC．tables D．pictures答案D解析句意：之后，她會(huì)選擇一張照片，然后放進(jìn)濾鏡應(yīng)用程序。dish菜；restaurant飯館；table桌子；picture照片。根據(jù)上文的takingpictures可知，此處用“照片”符合語境，picture是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。5．A.chance B．choiceC．excuse D．reason答案A解析句意：最后，食物看起來比實(shí)際上的美味十倍，但是我們沒有享用的機(jī)會(huì)，因?yàn)槭澄镆呀?jīng)涼了。chance機(jī)會(huì)；choice選擇；excuse借口；reason原因。結(jié)合上下文可知，此處是指因?yàn)橛腥伺恼眨瑢?dǎo)致食物變涼，大家錯(cuò)過了享受美食的機(jī)會(huì)。故選A項(xiàng)。6．A.comfort B．pleaseC．inspire D．discourage答案B解析句意：很多人過于在乎別人的觀點(diǎn)，并且盡全力去取悅別人。comfort安慰；please使……高興；inspire啟發(fā)；discourage使喪氣。根據(jù)上文的“Manypeoplecaretoomuchaboutothers’opinions”可知，此處用“取悅別人”符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。7．A.independent B．generousC．responsible D．confident答案D解析句意：他們認(rèn)為自信很困難、很難接受自己，因此他們害怕把自己真實(shí)的一面展現(xiàn)在社交媒體上。independent獨(dú)立的；generous慷慨的；responsible負(fù)責(zé)的；confident自信的。故選D項(xiàng)。8．A.real B．secretC．peaceful D．healthy答案A解析參考上題句意解析。real真正的；secret秘密的；peaceful和平的；healthy健康的。根據(jù)下文的“whattheylackinreality”可知，此處用“真實(shí)的”符合語境，real和reality是同根詞。故選A項(xiàng)。9．A.rarely B．hardlyC．exactly D．nearly答案C解析句意：他們盡力想要證明的，恰好是他們?cè)诂F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中缺乏的。rarely稀少地；hardly幾乎不；exactly確切地，恰好；nearly幾乎。故選C項(xiàng)。10．A.difficulty B．changeC．guidance D．harm答案B解析句意：但這不會(huì)給現(xiàn)實(shí)生活帶來任何改變，因?yàn)樗麄円廊蛔裱f的生活模式。difficulty困難；change改變；guidance向?qū)В籬arm傷害。故選B項(xiàng)。11．A.question B．dislikeC．doubt D．follow答案D解析參考上題句意解析。question質(zhì)問；dislike不喜歡；doubt懷疑；follow遵循。根據(jù)still和下文thesame可推斷，此處是指他們依然按原來的方式來生活，用“遵循”符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。12．A.effort B．a(chǎn)mbitionsC．feelings D．money答案A解析句意：如果他們真的想要優(yōu)雅的生活，他們應(yīng)該付出更多的努力來實(shí)現(xiàn)它而不是偽造它。effort努力；ambition抱負(fù)；feeling感情；money金錢。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，想要美好的生活，就必須付出努力。故選A項(xiàng)。13．A.otherthan B．morethanC．ratherthan D．lessthan答案C解析參考上題句意解析。otherthan除了；morethan超過；ratherthan而非；lessthan少于。根據(jù)句意可知，上下文是對(duì)比關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。14．A.identifying B．a(chǎn)cceptingC．persuading D．a(chǎn)musing答案B解析identify識(shí)別；accept接受；persuade說服；amuse使高興。根據(jù)上文的“Theyfindithardtobeandtoacceptthemselves”可知，此處用“接受”符合語境，accept是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。15．A.simplifying B．ruiningC．beautifying D．worsening答案C解析simplify簡(jiǎn)化；ruin摧毀；beautify美化；worsen惡化。根據(jù)第一段中的“Afterthat，shewouldchooseoneoftheandclickinthefilter(濾鏡)app.”可知，作者的朋友是在美化自己的生活，故此處用“美化”符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)ARussianfashionbrand,99Recycle，istryingtotackleSt.Petersburg’smountainsofgarbagebycreatinganentiresupplychainoutofthem.Sustainabilityinfashionisbecoming1.largerandlargerconcernasthe21stcenturyrollson，astheindustryisoneofthemostproblematic2.(polluter)inoursocietybecauseoftheamountandtypesofwaste3.(produce)byit.99Recycle’scurrentgoodsincludepencilandlaptopcases，backpacks，bags，skateboardsandabicycle.99Recycleusesalarge3Dprinter，whichusesrecycledplasticasarawmaterial.They4._________(collect)over70tonsofplasticsofarbyworkingwithlocalrecyclingnonprofits.“Theprocessofpreparingthematerialsis5.(complicated)thanpreparingordinarymaterials.Mostofourtimeistakenupbythe6.(prepare)，becauseweneedtocleanit，tomakeiteven，toselectit，torejectsomematerials，”O(jiān)lesyaKulik，designerat99RecycletoldEuronews.Insidethefactory，the3Dprintercreatesshapesandtextiles(紡織品)7.aresewntogetherbyhand,8.(mean)thateachpieceisunique.Along9.makingproductsforpurchase,99Recyclehostsclassesandlecturesaboutsustainabilityanddifferentways10.(recycle)，hopingtocoachpeopleoutoftheirthrow-awayhabits.語篇解讀本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。俄羅斯的一個(gè)時(shí)尚品牌用回收的舊塑料作原料，制造各式各樣的產(chǎn)品。1．答案a解析考查冠詞。concern在句中意為“令人擔(dān)心的事”，是抽象名詞具體化，且表泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且larger是發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。2．答案polluters解析考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。polluter在此意為“污染源”，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)oneof可知，此處需填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填polluters。3．答案produced解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，produce在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，且produce與waste之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。故填produced。4．答案havecollected解析考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)后面的sofar可知此處為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語為they，助動(dòng)詞用have。故填havecollected。5．答案morecomplicated解析考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)空后的than可知complicated應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式，在其前面加more。故填morecomplicated。6．答案preparation解析考查名詞。介詞by后應(yīng)用名詞preparation，作賓語，不可數(shù)。故填preparation。7．答案that/which解析考查定語從句。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞shapesandtextiles，先行詞在從句中作主語，指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which。故填that/which。8．答案meaning解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，mean在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，此處作伴隨狀語，且表示情理之中的結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填meaning。9．答案with解析考查介詞。alongwith為固定短語，表示“除了……之外還……”。故填with。10．答案torecycle解析考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。短語thewaytodosth表示“做某事的方式/方法”，后跟不定式作定語。故填torecycle。Ⅳ.讀后續(xù)寫(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Onemorningonmywaytoschool，Inoticedanelderlywomandressedinayellowvest(馬甲)carryingagarbagebagandoneofthoserubbishclaws(爪形器具)．“What’sthatladydoing？”IaskedMum.“VestLady.Shejustpicksuprubbisharoundhereforfun，”Mumsaid.“Whywouldsomeonethinkpickinguprubbishlookinglikeaconstructionworkerisfun？”Ipuzzled.ForseveralyearsI’dwitnessthismysteriousVestLady—rainorshine—onmywaytoschool.Ihadthoughtshewascrazyforpickinguprubbish.EventuallyIsmiledandwavedathereachtimeIsawher.Later，Imovedtohighschool.ThetimeIsawrubbishhereandthereIfeltreallyannoyed.ThenI’dthink，“Whyisn’tanyonepickingupthisrubbish?Peoplearesoinconsiderate！”However，shortlyafter，Irealizedpickinguptherubbishwasnotsomeoneelse’sproblem.NowIcouldn’twalkpastlitterwithoutfeelingguilty.Ivolunteeredtocleanuprubbisharoundourschool.Strangeasitmightsound，pickinguplitterwaskindofathrillforme!Infact，Iwassodeterminedthatformy17thbirthdayIboughtmyselfarubbishclaw，reusableglovesandareflectivesafetyyellowvestwithmyownnameonit.Duringmyfirstattemptinmystylishequipment，ImetwithunfriendlylooksfromothersasifIwereacriminaldoingcommunityservice.Oneday，Ihadanep