2025屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit1Greatscientists能力檢測含解析新人教版必修5

PAGE1-Unit1Greatscientists一、單句語法填空1．(2024年北京卷·閱讀理解D)Warmingchangeskey________(character)oftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplankton(浮游植物)growth.2．(2024年天津卷·閱讀理解C)Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweak________(link)ratherthanafewstrongones.3．Absorbed________painting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.4．Ourappetitefornewproductsalsocontributes________theproblem.5．Thatmixture,accordingtoBernard,setstheelevatorride________fromjustabouteveryothersituationwefindourselvesinaswegoaboutourlives.6．(2024年新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷·語法填空)Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandma________．7．See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain！Itdoesn'tmake________tobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.8．ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenovelisoften________(severe)criticized,neverappearsinit.9．(2024年江蘇卷·任務(wù)型閱讀)Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquitea________(challenge),especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.10．OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice________sherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.二、單句改錯1．(2024年新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷·七選五型閱讀理解)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputablameonthealarmclock.________________________________________________________________________2．IalwayshavesomanythingstoattendwhenIcomebacktothecompanyafteratripabroad.________________________________________________________________________3．Absorbinginthebookshewasreading,Marydidn'tnoticemeapproaching.________________________________________________________________________4．(2024年浙江卷·閱讀理解C)Manyfactorscontributetothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.________________________________________________________________________5．Icannotbecomeasuccessfulwriterwithoutenthusiastic.________________________________________________________________________6．TheteachercuredhimhisbadhabitsandhemadegreatprogressinEnglish.________________________________________________________________________7．Youngpeoplemayriskgoingdeafiftheyareexposedveryloudmusiceveryday.________________________________________________________________________8．Inthecompany,payincreasesarelinkedatperformance.________________________________________________________________________9．(2024年江蘇卷·任務(wù)型閱讀)Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristic.________________________________________________________________________10．Thereisnosenseinforceyourselftogetwhatyoudon'twant.________________________________________________________________________三、完形填空(2024年吉林省長春市七校第一次聯(lián)考)JakeOlsonlosthislefteyewhenhewaseightmonthsoldbecauseofaborncancer.__1__itwascontrolledthroughtreatments,itreappearedand__2__thelossofhisrighteye.Butafteryearsofcheeringforhisfavouritefootballteam,Jakehas__3__theimpossibledream.He'snowapartoftheteam,despitehistotal__4__，playingthegamenotbasedonsightbuton__5__．Beinga__6__fanoftheUSCTrojans,oneofJake'slast__7__beforehelosthiseyewastowatchtheteamplayatNotreDame.Hisstronglikingforthesportdidn'tgo__8__—formerUSCcoachPetereachedtheboy,invitinghimtomeetthe__9__．Inspiredbythoseplayers,Jakehopedtobe__10__inhisschool'sfootballteam.Atfirsthedidn'tthinkhewouldbeofanyreal__11__，butwhenheheardpeople'scheersforfootballplayers,hisloveforfootballstrengthened.SoJake__12__thecoach,askingtojointheteam.Thecoachtoldhimto__13__thenextseason.SoJakespenthistimepracticinghard.__14__，hebecameastarterontheteaminthenextseason.Havingmadehishighschoolfootballteam,itdidn'tseemtoo__15__todothesameincollege.CoachSteveagreedthatJake__16__therequirementsoftheteam.SoJake'sdreamcametrue.__17__football,Jakeisalsoamotivationalspeaker.“IwentintofootballwiththethoughtthatIhadnothingto__18__，”Jakesaid,“Ireallyhadnofear.Goingthrough__19__inlifedoesmakeyoustronger.Life'sunfair,butit__20__menottogiveupandkeepfighting.”1．A.UnlessB．ThoughC．OnlyifD．Nowthat2．A.backedoffB．heldbackC．brokedownD．ledto3．A.forgottenB．quittedC．realizedD．ignored4．A.blindnessB．a(chǎn)bsenceC．deafnessD．innocence5．A.abilityB．guessC．feelingsD．imagination6．A.responsibleB．faithfulC．carefulD．temporary7．A.chancesB．promisesC．coursesD．wishes8．A.unnoticedB．unsolvedC．unreportedD．unlimited9．A.leadersB．playersC．fansD．coaches10．A.occupiedB．involvedC．trappedD．a(chǎn)bsorbed11．A.interestB．hopeC．useD．concern12．A.approachedB．a(chǎn)ppreciatedC．recognizedD．greeted13．A.pullthroughB．setoutC．leaveoffD．comeback14．A.GraduallyB．FinallyC．RecentlyD．Accidentally15．A.difficultB．a(chǎn)ccessibleC．a(chǎn)ttractiveD．necessary16．A.refreshedB．completedC．satisfiedD．a(chǎn)cquired17．A.ApartfromB．InsteadofC．RegardlessofD．Exceptfor18．A.shareB．loseC．offerD．desire19．A.failuresB．challengesC．competitionsD．fears20．A.warnsB．begsC．convincesD．teaches四、語法填空(2024年江西省名校聯(lián)盟檢測)TraditionalChinesecultureisbeginningtocapturetheattentionoftheworld.Kungfu,1.________(especial),hashadagreateffect2.________millionsofpeoplewhofirstlearnedaboutChinathroughit.Duetokungfu,theymaycometoChinaandlearnaboutsomeother3.________(aspect)ofitsculture.OtherAsiannationshavelongknownaboutthe4.________(great)ofancientChineseculture.Theirownculturesare5.________mixofnativeonesandChinesecharacteristics.KoreaandJapanlongagoadoptedConfucianism,somethingthatcontinuestodayevenifit6.________(challenge)bypopculture.Thisstrengthcomesfromtheideas7.________(give)intheFourBooksofConfucianism,whichwasbasedontheideasofaneven8.________(much)ancientperiodcodified(編纂)intheFiveClassics.Fromthem,theWestlearns9.________isuniquelyChinese,forexample,fengshui.SofarChinahastakensteps10.________(further)thisspreadofitsculturebyestablishingChineseCulturalCentersinsuchplacesastheUnitedStatesandEurope.五、七選五型閱讀理解(2024年湖北省黃岡中學(xué)高三三模)Duringhis2009TEDGlobaltalk,soundconsultantJulianTreasuresaidtherearefourmajorwaysthatsoundaffectshuman.Whatdofirealarms,carnoisesandalarmclocksallhaveincommon?Theirsoundaffectsusphysiologically(生理上地).__1__Heartrateincreasesandbreathquickensasthebodypreparestofightapossiblethreatorrunforsurvival.Butaphysiologicalresponsetosoundisn'talwaysupsetting.Therhythmic(有節(jié)奏的)frequencyofoceanwavesroughlymatchestherhythmofasleepingperson'sbreathing.__2__Thesecondwaysoundaffectsusispsychological—itmakesusfeel.Haveyoueverheardapieceofmusicthatmakesyousad?Whetherit'sasadsongthatbringstearstoyoureyesorafunnysongthatmakesyoulaugh,musiccanmakeusfeelarangeofemotions.__3__Whenwehearthecomfortingsingingofbirds,weknowthingsaregoodandsafe.__4__Thebraintriestogetmeaningfromthewordsandsentenceswehear.Whenyourmom,dad,andlittlebrotherarealltalkingatonceatthedinnertable,thecompetingvoicesmakeithardtofocus.Ourbrainshaveaverysmallbandwidthforprocessingauditory(聽覺的)input,saysTreasure.Nowonderit'sannoyingwhensomeonekeepstalkingduringamovie!Finally,soundmaycausebehavioralchanges.__5__Peopletendtowalkawayfromloudorannoyingsoundsandtowardpleasantsounds.Nexttimeafireenginescreamspast,birdsstartsingingoryouhearasorrowfulpopsong,stop,listen,andthinkaboutthemanywayssoundinfluencesyou.A．Also,soundaffectshowwethink.B．Birdsongalsoaffectsuspsychologically.C．Inotherwords,theymakeourbodiesreact.D．Unpleasantsoundsaffectourphysicalhealth.E．Infact,somemusiccanputyouinagoodmood.F．Driverswholistentofast-pacedmusicmayspeedup.G．Whenweheartheoceanriseandfall,thesoundrelaxesourbodies.必修5Unit1Greatscientists實力檢測一、1.characteristics2.links3.in4.to5.apart6．forward7.sense8.severely9.challenge10.did二、1.a→the2.attend后加to3.Absorbing→Absorbed4．contribute→contributed5.enthusiastic→enthusiasm6．him后加of7.exposed后加to8.at→to9．characteristic→characteristics10.force→forcing三、本文是一篇記敘文。JakeOlson雙目失明，但這并沒有阻擋他對運動的酷愛。他是中學(xué)和高校橄欖球隊的隊員，并且還是一位勵志演講人。1．B依據(jù)下文的“itwascontrolledthroughtreatments,itreappeared...”可知，此處指盡管(Though)經(jīng)過治療，癌癥被限制住了，但是它還是復(fù)發(fā)了，并導(dǎo)致(ledto)JakeOlson失去了他的右眼。主從句之間存在讓步關(guān)系，應(yīng)用though。故選B。2．D參見上題解析。backoff退縮，退卻；holdback抑制，阻擋；breakdown出故障，崩潰；leadto導(dǎo)致。故選D。3．C句意：但是，在為他最喜愛的橄欖球隊加油多年之后，Jake實現(xiàn)了(realized)那個不行能的夢。下文中的“Jake'sdreamcametrue”亦是提示。forget遺忘；quit放棄；ignore忽視。故選C。4．A依據(jù)上文中的“l(fā)osthislefteye”“thelossofhisrighteye”可知，此處指盡管Jake雙目失明(blindness)。absence缺席；deafness聾；innocence天真。故選A。5．C依據(jù)上文提到的Jake雙目失明的內(nèi)容可知，此處指的應(yīng)是他打球靠的不是視力而是感覺(feelings)。ability實力；guess揣測；imagination想象。故選C。6．B依據(jù)語境及上文的“yearsofcheeringforhisfavouritefootballteam”可知，此處指作為USCTrojans球隊的忠實粉絲，Jake在失去視力之前最終的愿望(wishes)之一是觀看球隊在NotreDame的競賽。responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的；faithful忠實的；careful細(xì)心的；temporary臨時的。故選B。7．D參見上題解析。8．A依據(jù)下文的“formerUSCcoachPetereachedtheboy,invitinghimto...”可知，此處指Jake對運動的酷愛并不是不被留意的。unnoticed未被留意的，被忽視的；unsolved未解決的；unreported未報道的；unlimited無限制的，無條件的。故選A。9．B依據(jù)語境及上文提到的Jake是球隊的忠實粉絲，想觀看球隊競賽的內(nèi)容可知，此處應(yīng)是指教練Pete邀請Jake跟球員們(players)見面。下文中的“Inspiredbythoseplayers”是關(guān)鍵的提示信息。故選B。10．B句意：受到那些球員們的鼓舞，Jake希望自己能夠加入學(xué)校的橄欖球隊。beoccupiedin忙于；beinvolvedin參與，參與；betrappedin被困在；beabsorbedin聚精會神于。故選B。11．C此處指盡管Jake想加入學(xué)校的橄欖球隊，但是因為自身有殘疾，Jake最初覺得自己加入球隊并不會有什么實際的用處(use)。故選C。12．A句意：因此，Jake找了教練，懇求加入球隊。approach靠近，接洽；appreciate感謝，觀賞；recognize認(rèn)出，認(rèn)可；greet問候。故選A。13．D依據(jù)下文的“thenextseason...hebecameastarterontheteaminthenextseason”可知，此處指教練叫Jake下個賽季再回來。pullthrough痊愈，康復(fù)；setout動身踏上；leaveoff停止；comeback回來，返回。故選D。14．B由上文可知Jake花時間刻苦練習(xí)，此處指他最終在下個賽季，成了球隊的上場球員。gradually漸漸地；finally最終，最終；recently最近；accidentally偶然地，意外地。故選B。15．A依據(jù)上文的“Havingmadehishighschoolfootballteam”可知，因為有了中學(xué)的球隊經(jīng)驗，Jake成為高校球隊的隊員好像也不是太難。difficult困難的；accessible可接近的；attractive吸引人的；necessary必要的。故選A。16．C依據(jù)句中的“CoachSteveagreed”及下文中的“SoJake'sdreamcametrue”可知，此處指Steve覺得Jake達(dá)到了球隊的要求，因此Jake加入高校球隊的幻想實現(xiàn)了。refresh更新；complete完成；satisfy滿意；acquire獲得。故選C。17．A依據(jù)下文的“Jakeisalsoamotivationalspeaker”可知，除了打橄欖球之外，Jake也是一位勵志演講人。apartfrom除……之外(還有)；insteadof而不是；regardlessof不管；exceptfor除……之外。故選A。18．B依據(jù)語境及下文的“Ireallyhadnofear”可知，此處指Jake起初是帶著自己沒有任何可失去(lose)的東西的想法起先打橄欖球的。故選B。19．BJake身有殘疾，所以要面對生活中的很多挑戰(zhàn)(challenges)，而這也使他變得更加堅毅。failure失敗；competition競爭；fear恐驚。故選B。20