2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習第3部分人與自然主題群1自然生態(tài)主題語境1主要國家地理概況教師用書教案

PAGE人與自然主題群一自然生態(tài)主題語境(一)主要國家地理概況閱讀理解A(2024·江蘇卷·B)Inthe1960s，whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes，thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro，whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(巖漿)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943，aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis，however，asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack，leavingbehindavasthole，thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype，butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos，herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera：almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文，講解并描述了二十世紀六十年頭BobChristiansen在探討黃石公園的火山歷史時，驚奇地發(fā)覺在黃石公園沒有找到火山。原來，這兒的火山并不是像我們大部分人想象的那種圓錐體形態(tài)的高聳的樣子，而是一個巨大的洞，這個洞太大了，以至于從地面上的任何地方都看不見。1．WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?A．Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B．Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.C．Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D．Theexactlocationofthevolcano.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.”可知，他困惑的是在黃石公園沒有找到火山。故選D。]2．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theshapesofvolcanoes.B．Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C．Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D．Theheightsofvolcanoes.A[主旨大意題。本段講解并描述了兩種形態(tài)的火山，一種是通常人們所理解的由火山巖漿積累形成的圓錐體，還有一種極具爆發(fā)力的火山，它們會在一個大裂縫中爆裂，留下一個巨大的洞。故選A。]3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Hot-airballoon. B．Digitalcamera.C．Bigphotograph. D．Bird'sview.C[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.”可知，美國國家航空航天局為測試一些新的高海拔照相機而拍攝了黃石公園的照片。一位深思熟慮的官員把其中的一些照片副本轉(zhuǎn)交給了公園管理部門，認為他們可能會將其放大以供一個游客中心展示。故可知，此處意為將照片放大，選C。]B(2024·全國卷Ⅲ·B)Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare，likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896，Dawson，Canada，wasunmappedwilderness(荒野)．Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897，andtwoyearslater，itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest，withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath，killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson，however，therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere，Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon，thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown，andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today，peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了加拿大道森的歷史、發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀。4．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A．Itsbusinessculture.B．Itssmallpopulation.C．Itsgeographicalposition.D．Itsfavourableclimate.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.”可推知，由于紐約市地處哈德遜河入?？?，其優(yōu)越的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。C項正確。]5．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A．Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C．Almosteveryonegaveup.D．Halfofthemdied.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.”可知，在最先的兩萬淘金者中，有4000人變得富有了，換言之，即有五分之一的人(oneoutoffivepeople)變得富有了，故答案為B。]6．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C．Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D．Theywereshortoffood.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Butsoon...andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska，theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.”可知，當?shù)郎狞S金都被發(fā)掘后，人們聽說在阿拉斯加發(fā)覺了新的金礦，他們便很快離開道森了。由此可推知，他們是想去阿拉斯加碰碰運氣。B項正確。]7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity.B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness.D．TourisminDawson.A[主旨大意題。本文主要以道森為例，講解并描述了城市的興衰，故A項正確。]C(2024·全國卷Ⅲ·A)SanFranciscoFireEngineToursSanFranciscoWineryTourRunning：February1stthroughApril30thThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstopatthefamousWinerySF.Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.(Includedinticketprice)DepartingfromtheCannery：TourtimesuponrequestDuration(時長)：2hoursPrice：$90BacktotheFiftiesTourRunning：August16ththroughAugust31stThistourtransportsyoubackintimetooneofSanFrancisco'smostfantasticperiods，the1950s！EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream.DepartingfromtheCannery：5：00pmand7：30pmDuration：2hoursPrice：$90SpookyHalloweenTourRunning：October10ththroughOctober31stJoinusforaridethroughthehistoricalPresidioeq\a\vs4\al(district).Authenticfiregear(服裝)isprovidedforyourwarmthasourentertainerstakeyoutosomeofthemostthrillingpartsofSanFrancisco.DepartingfromtheCannery：6：30pmand8：30pmDuration：1hourand30minutesPrice：AvailableuponrequestHolidayLightsTourRunning：December6ththroughDecember23rdThisattractivetourtakesyoutosomeofSanFrancisco'smostcheerfulholidayscenes.Authenticfiregearisprovidedforyourwarmthasyougetintotheholidayspirit.DepartingfromtheCannery：7：00pmand9：00pmDuration：1hourand30minutesAdvancereservationsrequired.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國舊金山的四條旅游路途。8．WhichofthetoursisavailableinMarch?A．SanFranciscoWineryTour.B．BacktotheFiftiesTour.C．SpookyHalloweenTour.D．HolidayLightsTour.A[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一個標題SanFranciscoWineryTour下的“February1stthroughApril30th”可知，此項活動從2月1日持續(xù)到4月30日，所以假如3月份出游，要選擇SanFranciscoWineryTour，故選A項。]9．WhatcantouristsdoonBacktotheFiftiesTour?A．GotoTreasureIsland.B．Enjoytheholidayscenes.C．Havefreeicecream.D．VisitthePresidiodistrict.C[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次個標題BacktotheFiftiesTour下的“EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream.”可知，游客在領(lǐng)會歷史文化的同時，還有免費的冰激凌可吃，故選C項。]10．WhataretouristsrequiredtodotogoonHolidayLightsTour?A．Takesomedrinks.B．Setoffearlyinthemorning.C．Wearwarmclothes.D．Makereservationsinadvance.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一個標題HolidayLightsTour下的“Advancereservationsrequired.”可知，想?yún)⑴c這條路途，游客要提前預(yù)訂，故選D項。]Ⅰ.寫出所給單詞的漢語意思1．oddlyadv._怪異地2．featuren．特點3．eruptvi.爆發(fā)；噴出4．remarkablyadv.引人注目的5．explosiveadj.爆炸的6．singleadj.單一的；單身的7．a(chǎn)uthorityn．權(quán)威；權(quán)力8．scalen．規(guī)模；比例9．harbourn．海港10．a(chǎn)valanchen．雪崩11．rushn．沖進；倉促12．industryn．工業(yè)，產(chǎn)業(yè)13．enginen．發(fā)動機，引擎14．deliciousadj.美味的15．treasuren．財寶16．departv．離開17．a(chǎn)uthenticadj.真實的18．scenen．場景Ⅱ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出英文單詞1．leveln．水平2．beyondprep.超出3．graduallyadv.漸漸地；逐步地4．naturaladj.自然的5．digv．挖掘6．chiefadj.主要的7．presentadj.現(xiàn)在的，出席的8．transportvt.運輸；運輸Ⅲ.依據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1．steamn．蒸汽→steamyadj.蒸汽的2．confusev．使迷惑→confusedadj.感到困惑的→confusingadj.令人困惑的3．extinctv．滅亡→extinctionn．滅亡4．thoughtn．想法→thoughtfuladj.考慮周到的5．digitn．數(shù)字→digitaladj.數(shù)字的6．communicatevi.溝通→communicationn．溝通；溝通7．discoverv．發(fā)覺→discoveryn．發(fā)覺8．thrillv．使興奮→thrillingadj.毛骨悚然的Ⅳ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出慣用習語1．a(chǎn)ll_but幾乎2．have_a_good_reason_for_有充分的理由3．make_it勝利4．no_matter不論5._depend_on取決于[即時演練]單句語法填空1．Theconfused(confuse)lookonTom'sfacesuggestedthathedidn'tquiteunderstandhismanager'sidea.2．Wilsonhascoveredanastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorousconversationswiththestudentshetransports(transport)toandfromschool.3．Asisknowntoalllanguagelearners,newly-learntwordswillsoonbeforgottenunlessfrequentlyusedineverydaycommunication(communicate)．4．Astheweathergradually_(gradual)becomeswarmerandwarmer,hewillpickupsoon.5．Hesawlifeasavoyageofdiscovery(discover)．6．Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou'llmakeit.7．Itisverythoughtful(thought)ofyoutosendtheflowers.8．Thatwouldhavebeenagoodenoughreasonformenottogo.Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1．AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.大約2．Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.寬Ⅱ.似易實難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1．FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.[譯文]然而，對于許多到過道森市的人來說，這趟艱苦的旅程是值得這些回報的。2．Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.[譯文]在這里你可以品嘗到4杯舊金山供應(yīng)的最好的葡萄酒。Ⅲ.困難晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1．Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassicconeshapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagmapilesup.[分析]主語是mostofus，謂語部分是thinkof...，whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes是狀語從句，隔開了主語和謂語。從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講也可以把when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句放在句首。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾theclassicconeshapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro。wheneruptingmagmapilesup是狀語從句，修飾動詞created。[譯文]當談到火山時，我們中的大多數(shù)都會想到富士山或者乞力馬扎羅山的經(jīng)典圓錐形態(tài)，它們是在巖漿噴發(fā)積累時形成的。2．Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.[分析]本句是由and連接的兩個并列分句構(gòu)成。前面分句是簡潔句，其中withnointerestinsettlingdown作定語修飾people。后邊分句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是theyleftDawsonCity...，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，在從句中，therewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska是heard的賓語從句，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that。[譯文]城市里擠滿了悲觀的人們，他們對定居毫無愛好，等聽說阿拉斯加有新的金礦發(fā)覺時，他們就像來時那樣快速離開了道森城。1．a(chǎn)ccountvi.&vt.認為；說明；總計有n．說明；理由；計算；賬目(1)takeaccountof.../oaccount考慮到；顧及onaccountof因為，由于onnoaccount決不giveanaccountof報告；敘述；說明(2)accountfor說明；說明；(數(shù)量，比例上)占openanaccount開戶createane-mailaccount創(chuàng)建電子郵件賬戶giveusalongaccountofhertriptoEurope向我們具體講解并描述她的歐洲之行[基礎(chǔ)練習]——單句語法填空①NorthSeaoilaccounts②WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistorysuchasThomasEdisonandAlexandertheGreat，thisbookalsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals...③(2024·天津卷)Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthaton_noaccountshouldtheyusemobilephonesinhisclass.[實力提升]——詞匯升級一般表達：Theflightwaspostponedbecauseofthebadweather.高級表達：Theflightwaspostponedon_account_ofthebadweather.[名師點津]onnoaccount意為“決不”，放在句首時常引起句子的部分倒裝，有類似用法的還有：bynomeans,innoway,onnocondition,undernocircumstances,innocase,atnotime等。2．involvevt.包括；涉及；使參與；須要(1)involvesb.in(doing)sth.使某人參與(做)某事；使某人牽扯到某事中involvedoingsth.包括做某事；參與做某事involveoneselfinsth.自己參與某事(2)involvedadj.困難的；有牽連的，有關(guān)的get/beinvolvedin被卷入……之中；熱衷于，用心于be/getinvolvedwithsb./sth.與某人混在一起，和……有親密聯(lián)系getinvolvedwiththatcrowd與那群人混在一起involvewesternfestivalsandcustoms涉及西方的節(jié)日和習俗getinvolvedincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth參與社區(qū)活動，能從中為成長獲得閱歷[名師點津]involvedadj.作前置定語時，意為“困難的”；作后置定語時，意為“涉及到的”。如：aninvolvedsentence“一個困難的句子”；thepeopleinvolved“所涉及的人”。[基礎(chǔ)練習]——單句語法填空①On-linevotingbecomesincreasinglypopular,andmanycompetitionsgetpeopleinvolvedinit.②Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved(involve)．③Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.[實力提升]——完成句子父母應(yīng)當參與孩子的教化。Parentsshould_involve_themselves_intheirchild'seducation.3．a(chǎn)ssumptionn．假設(shè)，設(shè)想(1)assumevt.設(shè)想；假定；認為；擔當assumethat...假定，認為……assume...tobe...認為……是……；假定……是……(2)assumingthat假定……(作狀語)(3)ontheassumptionthat假設(shè)……insupportofourassumption支持我們的假設(shè)itisreasonabletoassume認為……合理assumingitrainstomorrow假設(shè)明天下雨[基礎(chǔ)練習]——單句語法填空①Whereunemploymentandcrimeratesarehigh,itcanbe_assumed(assume)thatthelatterisduetotheformer.②(2024·江蘇卷)Trytounderstandwhat'sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingontheassumption_(assume)you'vemade.[實力提升]——詞匯升級一般表達：IfIamchosentobeavolunteeratBeijingWinterOlympicGames,Iwillservethepeopleheartandsoul.高級表達：Assuming_(that)IamchosentobeavolunteeratBeijingWinterOlympicGames,Iwillservethepeopleheartandsoul.4．conveniencen．便利；便利；便利的事物；便利設(shè)施(1)atone'sconvenience在某人便利時(2)convenientadj.便利的；便利的；旁邊的；簡潔到達的Itbeconvenientforsb.todosth.對某人來說做某事是便利的sth.beconvenientforsb.對某人來說……是便利的aconveniencestore便利店conveniencefoods便利食品arestaurantconvenientfor/toshopsandtheatres靠近商店和劇院的餐館[基礎(chǔ)練習]——單句語法填空①(2024·江蘇卷)Toenjoytheconvenience_(convenient)ofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.②Thehotelisconveniently(convenient)locatedclosetothebeach,thusmakingitpopularwithtourists.③Woulditbeconvenientforyouto_pick(pick)meupatfouro'clockandtakemetotheairport?④Ifit'sconvenientforyou,let'smeetat8：30outsidetheschoolgate.[實力提升]——一句多譯假如你感愛好，請你在便利的時候盡快報名吧。①Ifyouareinterested,pleasesignupearlierat_your_convenience.(convenience)②Ifyouareinterested,pleasesignupearlier_when_it_is_convenient_for_you.(convenient)[名師點津]convenient作表語時，不行用人作主語，而要用物或形式主語作主語。“當你便利的時候”應(yīng)譯成“whenitisconvenientforyou”而不能譯成“whenyouareconvenient”?！?某個房子等)離某處近”，可用“...beconvenientfor/tosth.”如Thehouseisconvenientfor/toseveralschools.5．providevt.供應(yīng)；規(guī)定；打算；供應(yīng)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(1providesb.withsth.,providesth.forsb.))向某人供應(yīng)某物(2)providefor贍養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活provideagainst預(yù)防，防備(3)provided(that)...＝providing(that)...倘如；在……狀況/條件下provideuswithachancetoknowmoreaboutChinesetraditionalculture為我們供應(yīng)一個更多了解中國傳統(tǒng)文化的機會providelargequantitiesofclothesandfoodfortheearthquakeareas為地震災(zāi)區(qū)供應(yīng)大量的衣服和食品provideagainstarainingday有備無患[基礎(chǔ)練習]——單句語法填空①Thepolicewillrewardwhoeverprovides/has_provided(provide)usefulinformationtocatchtherobber.②Youcanusetheroomproviding/provided(provide)thatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.[實力提升]——完成句子/句式升級①我認為，兼職工作可以給高校生供應(yīng)一個珍貴的機會去更多地了解外面的世界。Inmyview,part-timejobsprovide_college_students_with_a_valuable_opportunitytoknowmoreabouttheoutsideworld.②畢業(yè)以后，他們可以更好地適應(yīng)社會。Theycanbetter_adapt_themselves_to_societyaftergraduation.③用目的狀語從句連接①②句。In_my_view,_part-time_jobs_provide_college_students_with_a_valuable_opportunity_to_know_more_about_the_outside_world_so_that_they_can_better_adapt_themselves_to_society_after_graduation.6．requirevt.須要；要求(1)requiresb.todosth.要求某人做某事requirethatsb.(should)dosth.要求某人做某事(2)requirementn．要求，須要meet/satisfyone'srequirements滿意某人的要求requireeveryonetofollowtherules要求每個人都遵守規(guī)則berequiredtofillintheapplicationform要求填張申請表becompetenttomeetyourrequirements有實力滿意你們的要求[名師點津]require作“須要”時，其后跟v.-ing的主動形式表示被動的含義或不定式的被動式，即：requiredoing/tobedone。類似用法的詞還有need,want,deserve等。[基礎(chǔ)練習]——單句語法填空①(2024·北京卷)InmyfirstP．E.class,theteacherrequiredusto_run(run)lapsandthenhitasoftball.②(2024·浙江卷)Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirement(require)wouldencourageintegration.③Alltheproblemsputforwardatthemeetingrequiresolving/to_be_solved(solve)inonemonth.[實力提升]——一句多譯校長要求全部的學生在學校穿校服。①Theheadmasterrequired_all_the_students_to_wearschooluniformsatschool.(簡潔句)②Theheadmasterrequired_that_all_the_students_(should)_wearschooluniformsatschool.(復(fù)合句)IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.許久以來人們都知道黃石公園是火山噴發(fā)造成的——這就是為什么公園內(nèi)那么多熱泉并且到處冒蒸汽的緣由。[句型公式]Ithadbeenknown...that是Itis/hasbeenknownthat...的時態(tài)變形結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“人們知道……”，it為形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語。(1)Itbeknownthat相當于sb./sth.beknowntodo,表示“眾所周知……”。(2)這類句型也可以用于其他一些動詞，如：Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道……Itissuggestedthat...有人建議……Itisthoughtthat...人們認為……Itissaidthat...據(jù)說……[金句推送]Itisknownthatcarbondioxideisheatingtheearthtwiceasquicklyaspreviouslyfeared.眾所周知，二氧化碳正以從前人們所擔憂的兩倍的速度加熱著地球。[基礎(chǔ)練習]——單句語法填空①Bodylanguageissaidto_account(account)for55percentofafirstimpression.②Theprofessorissaidto_have_succeeded(succeed)incarryingoutthisexperimentsofar.③Thefluisknownto_be_caused(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.[實力提升]——一句多譯大家都知道幾天前她寫了一篇關(guān)于野生動物愛護的報告。①It_is_known_thatshewroteareportaboutwildlifeprotectiontheotherday.②Sheis_known_to_have_written_a_reportaboutwildlifeprotectiontheotherday.夯基固本·學問落實Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Let'sassumeitto_be(be)true.2．Janekeptmoving,butthefarthershewalked,themore_confused(confuse)shebecame.3．Allkindsofgoodsare_transported_(transport)toalotofcountrieseveryday.4．Withmanywildanimalsgradually(gradual)dyingout,thepresentsituationdeservesattention.5．Itisconsiderateofyoutotakemyapplicationintoaccountatyourearlyconvenience(convenient)．Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個適當?shù)脑~1．Thereisnodoubtthatitisverymeaningfultoworkwithourownhandsratherthandependonothers.2．Itiswisetoprovideagainstthefuture.3．Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperience.4．—Iwonderwhyhehasbeenactingsostrangelythesedays.—Recentpressureatworkmayaccountforhisbehaviour.5._ItisobviousthatiPadisofgreathelptoourstudy，especiallytoourEnglishlearning.強技提能·學問應(yīng)用Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·山東濱州二模)Askpeopletonametheworld'stallestpeakandanybodywithsoundgeneralknowledgewillnameMountQomolangma.ButquizthemonitsexactIn1975，Chinesesurveyors2thatMountQomolangmawas8848.13metershigh.As3improved，satellites，photoelectricity(光電學)，radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere4togetmoreexactfigures.Ofcourse，someonestillhadtocarry5towhatistheworld'srooftop.In2005，aChineseteamscaledMountQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat，asthey6theheighttobe8844.43meters.ScalingMountQomolangmaisno7task.Theaverageairtemperaturethereis--29degreesCelsius，evenfourdegrees8thaninAntarctica.Thesnowthereis4—5metersthickandhurricane-like9blowallthetime.Teammembersweretrainingto10theextremeconditions.Inanutshell，measuringtheMountQomolangma'sheightisatallorder，11hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources.Butitisworththe12.MountQomolangmaistheperfect13forobservingcrustal(地殼的)movements.Andchangestothepeak'sheightcould14whetherthetwoplatesareheadingtowardorawayfromeachother.Besides,theconditionofsnowandothernaturalmaterialsatthetopisanindicatorofupcomingclimatechangeontheTibet-QinghaiPlateau.That's15measuringtheMountQomolangma'sheightissosignificant.Puttogooduse，itcanbenefitmankind.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白測量珠穆朗瑪峰高度的艱難及其重要性。1．A.location B．a(chǎn)ppearanceC．a(chǎn)rea D．heightD[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的1975年以及2005年對珠穆朗瑪峰高度的測量可知，此處指的是其準確的高度(height)。]2．A.determined B．a(chǎn)ssumedC．estimated D．a(chǎn)dmittedA[考查動詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文提到的應(yīng)用先進的科技去進行進一步的測量可知，此空指的是中國的測量員確定(determined)珠穆朗瑪峰的高度是8848.13米。]3．A.condition B．technologyC．society D．economyB[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的“satellites，photoelectricity，radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere...togetmoreexactfigures.”可知，衛(wèi)星、光電、雷達和重力測量技術(shù)都是科技(technology)。]4．A.employed B．expectedC．a(chǎn)pproached D．inspiredA[考查動詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的“togetmoreexactfigures”可知，這些高科技被運用(employed)到測量珠穆朗瑪峰精確的高度中。]5．A.weapons B．vehiclesC．instruments D．packagesC[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)常識可知，測量是須要設(shè)備儀器的，此處指的是須要攜帶一些設(shè)備(instrument)登山。]6．A.changed B．calculatedC．extended D．expandedB[考查動詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)上文的“In2005，aChineseteamscaledMountQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat”以及下文的“theheighttobe8844.43meters”可知，此處指的是中國登山隊在2005年計算(calculated)的珠穆朗瑪峰的高度是8844.43米。]7．A.glorious B．easyC．a(chǎn)dmirable D．toughB[考查形容詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的“Theaverageairtemperaturethereis--29degreesCelsius，evenfourdegrees________thaninAntarctica.”可知，攀登珠穆朗瑪峰并不是一件簡潔的(easy)事。]8．A.colder B．hotterC．higher D．lowerD[考查形容詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)“--29degreesCelsius”可知，此處表示珠穆朗瑪峰的溫度比南極洲還要低(lower)4攝氏度。]9．A.snows B．rainsC．winds D．snowflakesC[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的“blow”可知，此處表示風(wind)。]10．A.copewith B．fightforC．takeon D．carryoutA[考查動詞短語辨析。依據(jù)“theextremeconditions”可知，此處表示登山隊員們訓(xùn)練的目的是應(yīng)對(copewith)珠穆朗瑪峰的極端條件。]11．A.wasting B．spendingC．overcoming D．involvingD[考查非謂語動詞。依據(jù)“hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources”可知，測量珠穆朗瑪峰的高度須要(involve)大量的人力和資金。]12．A.effort B．lossC．harvest D．a(chǎn)chievementA[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)文章最終的“Puttogooduse，itcanbenefitmankind”可知，假如運用得當，它可以造福人類。由此推想，這項任務(wù)值得花費勁氣。]13．A.channel B．windowC．solution D．entranceB[考查名詞詞義辨析。依據(jù)下文的“observingcrustalmovements”可知，珠穆朗瑪峰是觀測地殼運動的最佳窗口(window)。]14．A.measure B．foreseeC．indicate D．exposeC[考查動詞詞義辨析。珠穆朗瑪峰高度的變更能表明(indicate)兩個板塊是相向運動，還是朝著反方向運動。]15．A.where B．howC．why D．whetherC[考查連接詞。本句在講解并描述測量珠穆朗瑪峰高度的重要性。所以此處為why引導(dǎo)的表語從句。]Ⅱ.語法填空(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible1.________(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand2.________work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，3.________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover4.________top.Whenallthosehadbeendone，theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines5.________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen6.________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25,000peoplewereusing7.________everyday.Later，engineers8.________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道)，whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe9.________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost10.________(success)ofthesenewlines，andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages，andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國倫敦地鐵的發(fā)展。1．crowds[考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。crowd是可數(shù)名詞，且前面沒有限定詞，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。]2．from[考查介詞。traveltoandfromwork上下班。]3．laying[考查非謂語動詞。included后的dig，lay，build是三個并列的動作，依據(jù)digging及building可知，lay也應(yīng)用動名詞形式。]4．the[考查冠詞。此處特指“地鐵的頂部”，故用定冠詞the。]5．wereused[考查時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。steamengines與use是被動關(guān)系，且動作發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。]6．fairly[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。所填詞修飾形容詞unpleasant，故用fair的副詞形式fairly。]7．it[考查代詞。use是及物動詞，其后接賓語，此處很明顯缺少代詞。分析句意可知，此處用it指代上文提到的therailway。]8．managed[考查時態(tài)。全文講解并描述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故用一般過去時。]9．introduction[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭袂笆莟he，其后接名詞。introduce的名詞形式是introduction。]10．successful[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。“oneofthe＋形容詞最高級＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最……的……之一”，此處應(yīng)填success的形容詞形式successful。]話題寫作Step1.寫作要點(依據(jù)漢語提示補全所給的英文句子)①得知你自從畢業(yè)后始終幻想到中國游玩，并已確定到中國來，我很興奮。I'mdelightedtolearnthatyouhave_dreamt_about_visiting_China_ever_since_graduationandthatyouhave_made_up_your_mind_tocometoChina.②對你的到來，我感到特別興奮，并迫不及待地給你以下建議。I'mexcitedaboutyourcoming,soIcan_hardly_wait_to_giveyousomerecommendations.③相比泰山之旅，我更喜愛長江之行。IpreferthetouralongtheYangtzeRivertothetriptoMount④通過長江之行，你會更好地了解中國的歷史及其人民。(一般將來時)ThroughthetriptotheYangtzeRiver,youwill_have_a_good_knowledge_ofthehistoryofChinaanditspeople.⑤長江沿岸不僅風景特別迷人，而且空氣呼吸起來很簇新。(be＋adj.＋todo)The_views_along_the_riverarenotonlyveryattractivebutalsotheairis_fresh_to_breathe.⑥那就是為什么我堅持認為長江之行是更好的選擇。That'swhyIinsist_thatthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverisabetterchoice.Step2.表達升級(變更所給句子的結(jié)構(gòu)以使表達升級)①利用分詞作狀語升級句②Excited_about_your_coming,_I_can_hardly_wait_to_giveyousomerecommendations.②利用強調(diào)句型升級句④It_is_through_the_trip_to_the_Yangtze_River_thatyouwillhaveagoodknowledgeofthehistoryofChinaanditspeople.Step3.連接成文(利用恰當?shù)倪^渡連接詞語連句成篇)I'm_delighted_to_learn_that_you_have_dreamt_about_visiting_China_ever_since_graduation_and_that_you_have_made_up_your_mind_to_come_to_China.Excited_about_your_coming，I_can_hardly_wait_to_give_you_some_recommendations.OfthetwotripstotheYangtzeRiverandMountTai,botharehighlyrecommended.Personally,IpreferthetouralongtheYangtzeRivertothetriptoMountTai.ItisthroughthetriptotheYangtzeRiverthatyouwillhaveagoodknowledgeofthehistoryofChinaanditspeople.Inaddition，theviewsalongtheriverarenotonlyveryattractivebutalsotheairisfreshtobreathe.That'swhyIinsistthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverwillbeabetterchoice.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Twomen，bothseriouslyill，occupiedthesamehospitalroom.Onemanw