新高考英語一輪復習練習考向24 閱讀理解之詞義猜測題(原卷版)

考向24閱讀理解之詞義猜測題英語閱讀訓練和測試中的生詞障礙往往會成為學生理解的“絆腳石”，這些“絆腳石”的出現(xiàn)大致分五類：（1）舊詞新義，考查詞匯表中未出現(xiàn)的詞義；如：NearbyistheIndianapolisracecourse,wherethenation’smostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay30th.我們學過course的意思是“過程，課程”等，在此顯然不符句意。根據(jù)上下文course是汽車賽舉行的地方，可推斷course在該句是“車道”或“跑道”的意思。（2）合成詞、轉(zhuǎn)化詞與派生詞，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等；（3）“靈活”的常用詞增多，這些詞必須根據(jù)具體的上下文語境才能正確理解；（4）“新鮮”的外國人名、地名、專有名稱增多，這些詞有些帶有一定的文化背景（5）超綱生詞。猜測詞義是應用英語的重要能力，也是高考閱讀理解中必考的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯?？忌鷳獙W會通過構(gòu)詞、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、同義、反義及上下文線索等確定詞義。近年來，詞義猜測題有逐漸增加的趨勢，尤其是猜測詞組、句義題。因為猜測詞組、句義題涉及題材背景、句子結(jié)夠、文章主旨、作者的觀點態(tài)度等。聯(lián)系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答這類題的關鍵。近幾年閱讀理解的生詞率略有上升，加大了猜測力度。命題者著重考查考生利用同義或反義關系、構(gòu)詞法、語法和語篇文脈等理解生詞的能力?！久}趨勢】1、要求根據(jù)閱讀材料所提供的信息，結(jié)合中學生應有的常識和經(jīng)驗，正確判斷生詞詞組的含義或成熟詞在特定語境中表達的具體含義以及一些句子的意思。2、要求猜測詞義的詞一般為實詞及其詞組，通過構(gòu)詞、定義、對比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定詞義的具體內(nèi)容。3、代詞復指理解題也是猜測詞義的?？碱愋?。用“邏輯關系梳理法”、“遞向?qū)ほ櫡ā崩砬迦宋锛笆挛镏g的邏輯關系是關鍵所在?！驹O問形式】Theunderlinedword“…”inthesecond(third…)paragraphrefersto(means)______.Bysaying“…”inthefirst(second…)paragraph,theauthormeansthat______.Inparagraph…,“…”canbereplacedby“______”.Themeaningof“…”inparagraph…isrelatedto______.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…(paragraph…)?Theunderlinedsentenceinthe…paragraphprobablymeansthat_____.【應試技巧】詞義猜測題的解答需要考生根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語境上下文來判斷其意義。因此熟練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關鍵。命題者在出這類題時慣用常規(guī)詞義來麻痹考生，我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語境主觀臆斷。1．構(gòu)詞法猜詞閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。掌握構(gòu)詞法對猜測詞義很有幫助。如：unforeseeable.這個詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是詞根，fore是“先，前，預”的含義，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能預見到的”意思。【典例示例】…Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”…70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.value B.resultC.performance D.connection【答案】B【解析】運用“構(gòu)詞法”進行猜測。動詞詞組comeout的意義為“露出、出現(xiàn)、顯露出”。再根據(jù)句子的語境，可猜測出其意義是：(實驗的)結(jié)果。2．利用同義近義詞猜詞在生詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。統(tǒng)稱在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，這些詞語或短語在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此確定同等關系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，甚至推出它的大致詞義?！镜淅纠俊璅ermat’sLastTheorem（定理）,firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistswhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique.…65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”asitisusedinthetext?A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.D.Tolimitpeople’simagination.【答案】B【解析】由句中不難看出Fermat的定理使得最具有數(shù)學頭腦的科學家絞盡腦汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled處于同等的并列關系，根據(jù)這一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、難倒、難以理解”的意思。3．利用反義詞猜詞對比是描述，說明事物的常用方式。在對比中，對比的事物是互為相反的，因此根據(jù)反義或?qū)Ρ汝P系可從已知推出未知。利用反義詞來說明生詞的意義，如反義詞hotandcold,perfectandimperfect，甚至前、后句為肯定與否定或是與不是等，在句內(nèi)詞與詞之間，在段內(nèi)句與句之間的關系上起著互為線索的作用?！镜淅纠?..Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.…74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?A.Apartydesignedbyspecialists.B.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.C.Asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble.D.Ademandmadebyguests.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)前句的否定doesn’t與后句的肯定canbe這一對比關系，可以判斷出，為了慶祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻煩，可以買一個生日開心包。Hassle的意思應該與fun相反，而與difficulty,trouble相近。答案為C。4．利用上下文語境猜詞任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有關。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點?！镜淅纠俊?019·天津卷，D】WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉訶德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.……52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.【語篇解讀】本文屬于議論文，講述要成功，就需要不斷的學習，這樣的生活才會有意義。52.D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.故可知，作者談論的不是那些沒有到達巔峰的人，而是談論那些不再學習成長的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止學習，故選D。5．利用定義和解釋猜詞有些文章，特別是科技文章，通常會對一些關鍵詞給予定義，我們可以利用定義來猜測這些詞的意思。釋義法就是根據(jù)文章中的字里行間，對生詞以定語（從句）、表語甚至用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明的方式。【典例示例】“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(農(nóng)藥),andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally(本地)grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.62.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?A.Growinginterestinorganicfood.B.Betterqualityoforganicfood.C.Risingmarketfororganicfood.D.Higherpricesoforganicfood.【答案】A【解析】由Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingsomething可以推斷出，越來越多的顧客像Gold一樣開始購買有機食物，其實也就是對這類食物產(chǎn)生了越來越濃厚的興趣。答案為A。6．根據(jù)語義轉(zhuǎn)折猜詞有時文章的作者為了增強表達效果，會用一些含有表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，副詞或短語。如：though,although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,ratherthan,foronething,foranother等，我們可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折意思猜測詞義?！镜淅纠俊璈oweverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.…71.InParagraph3,“takespecialpains”probablymeans“_____”.A.tryveryhardB.takeourtimeC.areveryunhappyD.feelespeciallypainful【答案析】A【解析】由However從句當中的atfirstglance（乍一眼看上去），與下文中的takespecialpains進行對比，既然不是一眼就看出那么簡單，那么自然要費力去想了。由此可以推斷出A項為最佳選項。7．利用經(jīng)驗和常識猜詞【典例示例】…“Iwasonthewaytoapersonal-injuryaccidentinWestNashville.AsIgotontoHighway40,bluelightsandsirens(警笛)going,IfellinbehindagoldPontiacFirebirdthatsuddenlyseemedtotakeoffquicklydownthehighway.Thedriversomehowpanickedatthesightofme.Hewasgoingmorethanahundredmilesanhourandbeganpassingcarsontheshoulder.”63.Themeaningof“panicked”inParagraph2isrelatedto___________.A.shameB.hateC.angerD.fear【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容描述，可以知道panicked意思是“驚慌”，相當于fear?！緳z測訓練】1Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenealong-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohisloverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris(殘骸).Morethan100yearssincethedisastrouseventandmorethantwodecadesaftertheearliestreleaseofthemovieTitanic,therehavebeenmany“doortheories”.AudiencesdebateheatedlyoverwhetherornotJackandRosecouldhavebothfitontothewoodendebrisandsurvived.So,wasthereroomforJack?InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexactreplica(復制品)ofthewoodenpiecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose’slifejackettothebottomofthedoortostrengthenitsbuoyancy(浮力),theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.However,theirconclusionwasdebunkedwhendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack’shightemperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.Healsosaidthatthedebateisbeyondthepointthemoviewastryingtomake,whichisfocusedonthetragiclovestoryofJackandRose,notphysics.ThelargestdebrisrecoveredfromtherealTitanicisnowdisplayedintheMaritimeMuseum.Themuseum’swebsitestatesthatareplicawasoncebuiltforthemoviebasedonthemuseum’sTitaniccollectionwhichwasknownasthe“door”usedinthedeathscene.Unfortunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRoseontopcouldwork,butnotifJack’sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.Inaword,sciencehasproventhatJackdidn’tdiefornothinganddidindeedsacrificehimselftosavetheloveofhislife.1.What’sthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Toleadintothetopic.B.Tointroduceamovie. C.Toraiseaquestion. D.Tohighlightcharacters.2.WhatistheconclusionofJamieandAdambasedon?A.Thedevelopmentoftheplot. B.Aphysicsexperiment. C.Thethemeofthemovie. D.Aheateddebate.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debunked”inparagraph4mean?A.Confirmed. B.Opposed. C.Approved. D.Concerned.4.Wecaninferthatthemovie’sendingis.A.unrealistic B.confusing C.reasonable D.surprising2It’shardtooverstatejusthowmuchWriter’sDigesthassurvivedtomakeittoitscentennial.TheGreatDepression.WorldWarII.Themanywarsandsocietalrevolutionsofthe’50s,’60s,and’70s.Thetechnologicalrevolutionandthecreationoftheinternet.Theshiftfrombeingfamily-ownedbusinesstoacorporationwithinvestors.Andmostrecently,globalpandemic(流行病).ItisbecauseWDsurvivedallthat,thatIviewthisanniversaryissueasalovelettertoeverysinglepersonwhohascontributedtokeepingWDaliveovertheseamazing,andtough,andchange-filled100years.ThankyoutotheRosenthalfamilyforstartingamagazine—acommunity—likethis.Tothepublishers,editors,andalltheotherbehind--the-scenesfolkswhomadesureeachissueoverthemanydecadeswasthebestitcouldbe,thankyouforyourhardworkandlonghours.Totheabsolutelyincomparablelistofwriterswhosharedtheirwisdom,insights,andencouragement:Thismagazinewasmadebetterbyyourcontributions.Butmostofall,thisisalovelettertoourreaders.Yougivethemagazinepurposeandthemotivationtokeepgoing.Withoutyou,WDwouldn’texist,soonbehalfofallthecurrentandformerWDstaffers,weofferoursincerestthanks.You’llseeacollectionofnewcolumnscomingin2021.WearethrilledtohaveBryanWashington,award-winningauthoroftheshortstorycollectionLotandthenewnovelMemorial,asourfirstguestcolumnist.TheWDteamstartedplanningthisissuemorethanayearagoandputtingittogetherhasbeenajoy.Wehopeyoufindasmuchpleasureandinspirationinreadingitaswefoundincreatingit.Seeyouinyear101.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“centennial”mean?A.Thefirstpublication. B.Thecollectionversion.C.The100thanniversary. D.Theopeningceremony.6.WhatdoweknowaboutWriter’sDigestfromthetext?A.Ithasalonglistofguestcolumnists.B.Itwasonceafamily-ownedbusiness.C.Itisfinanciallysupportedbythecommunity.D.Itcontributedtothetechnologicalrevolution.7.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A.Sheusedtobeanovelist. B.SheiswithWriter’sDigestC.Shewasabusinessowner. D.Sheisonehundredyearsold.8.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toexpressgratitude. B.Topromotesales.C.Tointroduceamagazine. D.Toemploynewstaff.3Lastyear,Iwentthrougheveryhighschoolsenior’snightmare:IwasrefusedfromallthecollegesIappliedto.It’snotthatIwasabadstudent.Ihadanarrowvision,applyingonlytosomekeyschools.SowhenIgotrefused,Igotintoapanic.Ithoughttherewasonlyonepathtosuccess,andIwasn’tonit.Whileallmyfriendswerepickingouttwinextra-longsheets,IwasleftwonderingwhatkindoffutureIcouldhave.Whenmypanicfaded,Isignedinthecommunitycollege.Iwasn’texcited.Iimaginedcommunitycollegeclassroomswithincompetentteachersthattaughttheirstudentstosleep.Iwassowrong.Myarthistoryprofessorwassopoetic,andherlecturesfeltspokenword.Myclassmateswereintelligentandcamefromallwalksoflife—stillfiguringthingsoutlikeme.Idecidedtogivemyselfayearofexperiment.Asidefromgeneraleducation,Itookarangeofclasses.Iknowitseemslikearandomkindofclasses,butitallowedmetoknowwhatIlikeanddon’tlike.IusedtohavethisideathatIhadtorushinordertoachieveacertainlevelofsuccessbyacertainage,butayearofcommunitycollegehastaughtmetoslowdown,andtorecognizethatthingstaketimetoadjust.Istillhopetotransfertoafour-yearuniversitynextyear,butI’llbegoingaboutitasamorematureperson.BeingaroundstudentsfromallwalksoflifehasmademerealizethatI’mnotlateinthegameatall.There’smorethanonewaytogetwhereyouwanttobe.9.Whatcausedtheauthor’s“highschoolsenior’snightmare”?A.Hewasrejectedbythecollegesheappliedto.B.Hedidn’tdowellinsomesubjectsatschool.C.Heonlytooksomekeyschoolsintoconsideration.D.Hegotconfusedaboutwhichschooltoapplyto.10.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph1?A.Theauthor’sfriendshaveextrasheets.B.Thefuturefortheauthor’sfriendsisclear.C.Thewaytosuccessislongfortheauthor’sfriends.D.Theauthor’sfriendshavemanychoices.11.Whywastheauthorunhappyinthecommunitycollegeatfirst?A.Hisarthistoryprofessorwasextremelyexpressive.B.Hedidn’tlikestudyingwithstudentsfromallwalksoflife.C.Hethoughttheteachersinthecommunitycollegehadpoorability.D.Helearnedstudentsinthecommunitycollegealwayssleptinclass.12.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhisexperienceinthecommunitycollege?A.There’snoneedtohurrytoachievecertainsuccess.B.Ayearofexperimentisnotworthwhileforhimatall.C.Thewaytosuccessistotransfertoafour-yearuniversity.D.It’sawasteoftimebeingaroundstudentsfromallwalksoflife.4Whatdefines(定義)ageneration?Often,expertssay,membersofagenerationaredefinedbytheeventsthatshapedtheirlivesasyoungadults.“Worldeventslikewars,pandemics(大流行病)andracialunrestcanbeespeciallyformative,”saysMegJay,apsychologistandauthorof“TheDefiningDecade:WhyYourTwentiesMatter—andHowtoMaketheMostofThemNow”.Becauseour20sareoftenwhenwehaveourfirstjobsandfirstrelationshipsandfirstmovesandfirstreal-worldexperiences,thesebigeventsbecomeimportantpartsofourlifestories.In2020,itwasapandemic.Forthelastthreemonthsof2020,theMonitorfollowedtwelve2l-year-oldsfromaroundtheworld.WewantedtounderstandhowthisglobalhealthcrisisisencodingitselfintheculturalDNAofagenerationcomingofageinitsshadow.Theirlivesandcircumstancesastheyrolledinto2021variedwildly.Butthelivesofthe2l-year-oldswemethadmanyobvioussimilarities.Separately,forinstance,theinternetwastheircollectivelifelinetotheworld.InMexico,anartstudentisolatinginherfamilyhomepostedadailypieceofarttoInstagramtoremindherselfthattimehadnotstoppedaltogether.InGermany,alabororganizernegotiatedcontractsandplannedstrikesviaZoom.Bytheendof2020,manyoftheworld’s21-year-oldshadlostjobs;otherswonderedifthey’deverfindone.IntheU.S,youthunemploymentdoubledbetweenJuly2019andJuly2020.Also,thepandemicopenedfaultlines,andstressedoldones.InIndia,Jordan,andSouthAfrica,our21-year-oldswonderedhowthey’dcollectenoughmoneyformobiledataforonlinestudies.InMexico,Canada,andGermany,21-year-oldsreflectedonlonelinessasaprivilege—thattheywerealonebecausetheycouldisolate,theirlivesnotdependentondoingotherwise.Wefoundagenerationsuspended(懸停)betweentheworldthey’dgrownupinanduncertainarrivaloftheirfuture.13.AccordingtoMegJay,whatdeterminesthefutureofthepeopleintheirtwenties?A.Theirfundamentalchangesofworkingcircumstances.B.Theirgreateffortsofcopingwithuncertaintiesinlife.C.Theirfirstexperiencesofthemajoreventsthen.D.Theirdeepreflectionsontheattitudestolife.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“faultlines”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Significantemploymentchallenges. B.Potentialsocialproblems.C.Specialindividualprivileges. D.Globalhealthcrises.15.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardstoday’s20s?A.Approving. B.Negative. C.Critical. D.Concerned.16.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheWorldChildrenHaveGrownupinDefinesaGenerationB.AYoungGenerationWasSuspendedButReadytoStartC.AGreatPandemicHasBroughtVariousGlobalCrisesD.WorldEventsChangedtheLivesofYoungAdults5WhenBritishmusicianPaulBartonperformsincentralThailandlately,thelistenersreactwildly.Somepullhishairorjumponhispiano.Othersstealhismusic.Thebehaviorisnormal,however,becausethesecrowdsaretrulywild—wildmonkeystobeexact.BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforitspopulationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduringthecoronavirus(COVID-19)crisis.Thediseasehascausedproblemsforthemonkeys,too.Theyarehungry.Therestrictionsontourismmeanfewerpeoplecometoseethemonkeysandfeedthem.ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplaysGreensleeves,Beethoven'sFurEliseandMichaelNyman'sDiaryofLove.Someofthecreaturessitonhischair,whileothersclimbuphisbodyandtouchhishead.But,Bartonkeepshisattentiononhisperformance,evenasasmallmonkeyrunsoverhishandsontheinstrument.Othermonkeystakecontrolofhismusicpapers.“IwasgladandsurprisedtofindthattheywereactuallyeatingthemusicasIwasplayingit.”ThemonkeysareBarton'slatestanimalfans.Pastwildlifeaudienceincludedelephantslivinginspecialprotectedareas.Bartonhopestoraisepeople'sawarenessofthemonkeys'hunger.Atthesametime,hehopestostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttoclassicalmusic.“Cometogetheranddon'tletthepandemicstopthewildmonkeysgettinggoodnutritiousfood.Weneedtomakeanefforttomakesurethattheyeatproperly.Andwhentheyeatproperlytheywillbecalmer,”said59-year-oldBarton.17.Whydoesthemusicianplaytothewildmonkeys?A.Toseethewildanimalsjustbeingthemselves. B.Tostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttopopmusic.C.Toraisemoneyforthewildmonkeys'hunger. D.TohelpcalmthemduringCOVID-19crisis.18.Whatkindofmusicdocsthemusicianplay?A.Contemporarymusic. B.Classicalmusic.C.Countrymusic. D.Popularmusic.19.Whatdocstheunderlinedphrase“eatingthemusic"inParagraph4referto?A.Stealinghismusicpapers. B.Eatinghismusicpapers.C.Disturbinghisperformance. D.Enjoyinghisplaying20.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Wildmonkeysliketoplaywiththemusician. B.Peoplewillstarttoprotectthewildmonkeys.C.TheCOVID-19hasdamagedmuchtotheworld. D.Musiccanmakethewildanimalsmoreactive.6Carbonisachemicalelementwhichispresentinorganiccompoundsthatmakeusorganisms,plantsaswellasfossil.ItisavitalcomponentofthegreenhousegasCO2,thehighestpercentageoftheglobalwarminggasintheatmosphere.TheseGreenHouseGases(GIIGs)alongwithotherfactorsareresponsibleforthemostdiscussedissuesaffectingtheplanet,climatechange.Climatechangehasandstillreleasesahugesetofenvironmentaldisasterswhicharefuelingthedifficultyofsurvivalontheplanet.Inordertoeliminate,reduceandadapttotheserisksofsurvival,individuals,organizations,andcountrieswillhavetoadoptcarbonneutralitymeasures.Themainaimofcarbonneutralityistoachieveanet-zeroemissioneitherbybalancingtheemissionorabsorbingofcarbonorquittheproductionofcarbon.However,toreallyunderstandcarbonneutrality,thecarboncycleshouldbefirstunderstoodThecarboncycleisthetransferofcarbonthroughdifferentmedia.Carbonhastheabilitytomoveindifferentmediaindifferentformsatdifferentratesandtines.Thesedifferentfactors(rate,time,andmedia)arethephenomenaunderlyingcarbonneutrality.Forinstance,carbonreleasedintotheatmospherebytherapidburningoffossilfillsbackasrainintheformofcarbonate(碳酸鹽)andisabsorbedbythereservoirs(oceans,surfacewater,andtheearthsurface).Eventhoughtheexchangeofcarbonbetweensomeofthesereservoirstakesalongtime,someover100years,carbonwasabsorbeduntilnow.ThemainproblemexistingtodayisthattheemissionsofCO2aretoohightobeoffsetbythereservoirs,therebyleavingtheoffsettingtasktous.TheEuropeanUnion(EU)istakingallmeasuresitcantooffsetcarbonthroughEmissiontradingsystemwhichhelpsindustriestomanagetheircarbonfootprints.Similarly,China,whichisresponsiblefor25%oftheworld'sCO2emissionsduetoitseconomicandindustrialstructureiscurrentlydecreasingitsenergyconsumption/GDPandCO2emission/GDP,whileincreasingisforestcoverandairqualitythroughits14thFive-YearPlan(2021-2025)carbonneutralityactions.21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fueling"inParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Experiencing. B.Overcoming. C.Increasing. D.Ending.22.Howdoestheauthorexplainthecarboncycle?A.Bygivinganexample.B.Bycomparingmedia.C.Byanalyzingdata.D.Bydescribingatask.23.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A.GHGstakethewholeblamefortheclimatechange.B.Carbonexchangetakeslittletime.C.ThecontributionoftheEUisnotobvious.D.Chinalasacleargoalinlow-carbonefforts.24.Whichcolumnisthetextmostlikelytakenfrom?A.Politics. B.Environment. C.Commercial. D.Lifestyle.7Weallneedwalertosurvive,butthegeneralrecommendationhasbeentodrinkmoreandmore,withmanyguidelinesnowadvisingaminimumofeightglassesaday.Isthereanyevidenceshowingthatthismakessense?Theshortanswerisno.Studieslookingatwaterintakesover10yearsintheelderlyfailtoshowanybenefitsofextrawateronkidneyfunctionorlifespan.Clevermarketingfrombottledwatercompanieshasnotonlyconvincedusthatweneedtodrinkmorewater,butalsothatexpensivebottledmineralwaterissomehowbetterforus.Wenowdrinkmorebottledwaterthaneverbefore,withtheglobalindustrygrowingrapidlyat10percentayear.By2025,theglobalmarketisestimatedtobeworth＄215billion.Butresearchshowsthattapwaternowadaysisperfectlysafe,andwithaddedfluoride（氨化物）,itisalsogoodforourteeth.Therehavebeenstudiesshowingthattapwatercontainstracesofcommonpharmaceutical（制藥的）drugs,buttheyhavealsofoundthesamelevelswhentestingbottledwater.Althoughwaterinmanyareascontainschemicals,thelevelsaretoosmalltomakeanoticeabledifferencetoourhealth.Bottledwaterhasdevastatingenvironmentalcosts,whichisself﹣evidentastherearealreadyabundantreportsonpollutioncausedbyplasticbottles,andnoprovenhealthbenefits.And,doesittastebetter?Probablynot.Onthecontrary,thereareevenblindtastingsshowingthattapwaterscoreshigherthanmostmineralwater.So,stillhesitatewhenpresentedwithbothbottledwaterandtapwater?Probablyyoushouldnotnow.Myadviceistostickwithtapwater:youwillbereducingtheglobalenvironmentalcostofhalfatrillionplasticbottlespilingupeachyearandtakingastandagainstthepowerofmarketing.25.Accordingtothefirstparagraph，wecanknow________.A.eightglassesofwateradaydoesharmtotheelderly.B.eightglassesofwateradayisn'tsoscientificaswethought.C.waterisessentialforustosurvive.D.drinkingextrawaterbenefitsourkidney.26.Accordingtotheauthor，whichofthefollowingmightbeareasonbehindpeople'schoosingbottledwaterovertapwater?A.Tapwatercontainstoomuchcommonpharmaceuticaldrugs.B.Bottledwaterisrichinvariousminerals.C.Peopleareinfluencedbybottledwatercompanies'marketingstrategies.D.Tapwaterisnotsotastyasbottledwater.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devastating"inparagraph3mean?A.Potential.B.Beneficial.C.Challenging.D.Damaging.28.Whatmessagedoesthispassageconvey?A.Themorewaterwedrink，thehealthierwewillbe.B.Tapwatershouldbecomeourfirstchoiceofdrinking.C.Bothbottledwaterandtapwatershouldbeourmainchoiceswhenthirsty.D.Bottledwaterandtapwaterbothhavealotofadvantages.8Asachild,JaneGoodallhadanaturallovefortheoutdoorsandanimals.Andatage23,sheleftforNairobi,Kenya.There,JanemetfamedDr.LouisLeakey,whooffere