高中語法被動語態(tài)

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載高中語法：被動語態(tài)英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish．（主動語態(tài)）Englishisspokenbymanypeople．（被動語態(tài)）1．被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式1.基本結(jié)構(gòu):A.結(jié)構(gòu):“be+”2.時態(tài)1.Theroom(clean)everyday.2.Anewshop(build)lastyear.3.Mybike(repair)byTomnow.4.Hesaidthattheman(operate)atthistime.5.Thisbook(translateinto)manylanguages.6.WhenIgottothetheater,Ifoundthetickets.(alreadysellout)7.Manymoretrees(plant)nextyear.歸納：一般式進(jìn)行式完成式現(xiàn)在am/are/isdone過去將來//2．主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)的方法1）將主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意以下三個方面：①將主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語；②將主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為“be＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；③將主動語態(tài)的主語改為介詞by之后的賓語，放在謂語動詞之后（有時可省略）。2）含直接賓語和間接賓語的主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時有兩種情況：①把間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，直接賓語仍保留原位；②把直接賓語改為主動語態(tài)的主語，此時，間接賓語前要加介詞to或for。如：Hegavetheboyanapple．→Theboywasgivenanapple．（或Anapplewasgiventotheboy．）Herfatherboughtherapresent．→Shewasboughtapresentbyherfather．（或Apresentwasboughtforherbyherfather．）3）不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的主動語態(tài)，改為被動語態(tài)時不定式前要加to。如：Theywatchedthechildrensingthatmorning．→Thechildrenwerewatchedtosingthatmorning．含有賓語從句的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，通常用it作為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語，從句放在句子后面；也可采用另一種形式?？梢赃@樣轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有know，say，believe，find，think，report等。如：Peoplebelievethatheisill．→Itisbelievedthatheisill．（或：Heisbelievedtobeill．）Itwasreportedthatthescientistsweresearchingfornewwaystosolvetheproblems.據(jù)報道科學(xué)家正在尋求解決這些問題的新途徑。常見的句型結(jié)構(gòu)如下：Itis（was）agreed（believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、決定、希望、認(rèn)為）......Itis（was）wellknownthat......眾所周知Itis（was）takenforgrantedthat......被視為當(dāng)然Itmustberememberedthat......務(wù)必記住......Itmustn’tbeforgottenthat......千萬別忘記......Itis（was）said（reported，heard，told，suggested）that......據(jù)說（報道、聽說、告知、建議......3．不能用于被動語態(tài)的情況某些及物動詞可作不及物動詞用，特別是后加副詞（如well，easily等）時。主動語態(tài)有被動含義，這類動詞常見的有sell，write，wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，record等。如：Hisnewnovelissellingwell．他的新小說很暢銷。Theclothwasheswell．這布很耐洗。Thismaterialwon'twear．這種材料不耐穿。Hisplaywon'tact．他的戲劇不會上演。Thewindowwon'tshut．這窗關(guān)不上。Thedoorwon'topen．這門打不開。Thedoorwon'tlock．這門鎖不上。Thispoemreadswell．這首詩讀來很好。4．某些動名詞的主動形式表被動含義1）在need，want，require，deserve和bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動含義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。如：Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這房子需要修理。Myclothesneedwashing（tobewashed）．我的衣服需要洗了。2）形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。如：Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）這本畫冊很值得一讀。SuchamanasMr．Smithisnotworthhelping．（＝SuchamanasMr．Smithisnotworthytobehelped．）像史密斯先生那樣的人不值得幫助。Thisplanisnotworthconsidering．（＝Thisplanisnotworthytobeconsidered．）這個計劃不值得考慮。被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)一一、選擇題()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;build D.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened B.washappened C.ishappened D.happened()3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisited B.willbevisited C.hasbeenvisited D.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplanted B.willplant C.havebeenplanted D.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoing B.arebeingdone C.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.Neitherofthem______inChina.A.ismade B.aremade C.weremade D.made()9.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn'tsent B.hasn'tbeensent C.won'tbesent D.wasn'tsent()10.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;use B.as;used C.is;used D.are;used()11.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knows B.knew C.isknown D.wasknown()12.I____insummer.A.born B.wasborn C.havebeenborn D.amborn()13.HesaysthatMr.Zhang_____tothefactorynextweek.A.issent B.wouldsend C.wassent D.willbesent()14.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.tojump()15.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.puts B.canbeput C.canbeputted D.canput二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays. Thework_______________intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou. Silk__________inSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong. AnEnglishsong___________bythechildren.4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.It______________byyounow.5.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.Metal________formakingmachines.6.Hemademedothatforhim.I________________thatforhim.7.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?____abridge____herebythemayearago?8.We'llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplay_____________oninourschool.9.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatch____________bymybrother.10.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust______(byus)everyday.11.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives______forcuttingthings.12.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?____thewindow__________yesterday?13.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.Thelightgreendresses_____________out.14.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroom________everyday.三、用動詞的正確語態(tài)填空。1.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.2.Thatplay________(put)onagainsometimenextmonth.3.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.5.What___aknife______(make)of?6.APianoconcert_____________(give)herelastFriday.7.______themagazine____(cantake)outofthelibrary?8.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.9.Thestars_____________(cansee)inthedaytime.10.Someflowers__________(water)byLiMingalready.11.Thesekindsofmachines__________(make)inJapan.12.Russian____________(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.13.Thecinema___________(build)in1985.14.Thebike______________(mustnotput)here.15.Abeautifulhorse___________(draw)byJohnnextday.16.Thiskindofmachine___________(canmade)byuncleWang.17.ThePLA____________(found)onAugust1st,1927.18.Bythetimehewasten,theboy________(learn)EnglishandFrench.19.______you____(see)thefilmyet?Yes,I_______(see)itlastweek.20.UncleWang____________(live)heresince198021.Listen!Someone_________(sing).22.Tom________(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.句型11：被動語態(tài)11.世界上許多國家都講英語。______________________________________________2.我們這所學(xué)校是十年前建的。______________________________________________3.昨天開了一次會。幾位老師由于工作努力受到表揚(yáng)。______________________________________________4.我們學(xué)校禁止使用手機(jī)。______________________________________________句型12：被動語態(tài)21.這個實(shí)驗(yàn)將在兩周內(nèi)完成。______________________________________________2.會議將在下周一九點(diǎn)舉行。______________________________________________3.北京將要種植更多樹修建更多公路。______________________________________________句型13：被動語態(tài)31.我的自行車正在被修。______________________________________________2.你打電話時，客人正被領(lǐng)著參觀我們學(xué)校。______________________________________________3.這些問題正被一些專家討論著。______________________________________________句型14：被動語態(tài)41.所有臟衣服都已經(jīng)洗過了。______________________________________________2.那位官員說，空氣和水都被污染了。_____________________________________________3.長江上已經(jīng)修了很多橋。_____________________________________________4.我們的寢室還沒打掃過。_____________________________________________句型15：被動語態(tài)51.這把鎖可以立刻修好。_____________________________________________2.必須采取措施來制止河流污染。_____________________________________________Answers:一、選擇題1-5 BDCCC6-10CBABC11-15CBDDB二、填空：1.canbefinished2.isproduced3.willbesung4.needn’tbedone5.isused6.wasmadetodo7.wasbuilt8.willbeput9.isoftenmended10.bewatered11.areused12.was…brokenbyhim13.havebeen…sold14.iscleaned三、填空：1.are;told2.willbeput3.mustbesent4.aresold5.is;madeof6.wasgiven7.can;betaken8.iscleaned9.canbeseen10.havebeenwatered11.aremade12.islearnt13.wasbuilt14.mustnotbeput15.willbedrawn16.canbemade17.wasfounded18.hadlearnt19.Have;seensaw20.haslived21.issinging22.didn’thave11答案：1.Englishisspokeninm