英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

優(yōu)質(zhì)資料歡迎下載優(yōu)質(zhì)資料歡迎下載優(yōu)質(zhì)資料歡迎下載虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法總結(jié)1.虛擬條件句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成形式條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be一般用were）would+動(dòng)詞原形would+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞wwouldhave+過(guò)去分詞++與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式should+動(dòng)詞原形wereto+動(dòng)詞原形wwould+動(dòng)詞原形倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)1）Hadyou(=Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.2）WereI(=IfIwere)you,Iwoulddomorepracticeafterclass.3）Shoulditraintomorrow,Iwouldn’tgo.2．虛擬條件句的特殊用法A.混合虛擬條件句條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生.Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.（從句述說(shuō)過(guò)去，主句述說(shuō)現(xiàn)在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilmlastnight.（從句述說(shuō)現(xiàn)在，主句述說(shuō)過(guò)去。）IfIhadhadmoreself-confidence,Iwouldbecomeateacher.（從句述說(shuō)過(guò)去，主句述說(shuō)現(xiàn)在。）Iftherescueteamhadn’tfoundhim,hewouldbedead.（從句述說(shuō)過(guò)去，主句述說(shuō)現(xiàn)在。）Ifshedidn’tlovedriving,shewouldn’thavebecomeadriver.（從句述說(shuō)現(xiàn)在，主句述說(shuō)已發(fā)生。）B.含蓄虛擬條件句虛擬條件通過(guò)下述詞語(yǔ)引出的短語(yǔ)：介詞with,without,butfor,ifithadnotbeen/ifitwerenotfor…etc分詞supposing動(dòng)詞suppose并列連詞or,otherwise,but,though,etc例如：1）Icouldn’thavewonthecompetitionwithoutyourencouragement.2）Withyourassistance(=Ifwehadyourassistance),wemightfinishtheplanearlier3）Butforyouadvice,Iwouldnotbeabletodothiswork.4)Victorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened,otherwisehewouldn’thavemadesuchastupidremark.C.虛擬條件句中的表示結(jié)果的主句有時(shí)形式上可以省略，但意義上仍然存在。這種句子只保留一個(gè)if(only)條件從句，表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的強(qiáng)烈愿望。如：1）If(only)sheweremysister!她要是我姐姐（就好了）！2）Ifonlyhehadnotleft!如果他沒(méi)走（該多好?。。ǘ┨摂M語(yǔ)氣的幾個(gè)句型Itis…thatsb.(should)…句型一：Itis＋形容詞＋that…句型二：Itisa＋抽象名詞＋that…句型三：Itis＋過(guò)去分詞＋that…A.常這樣用的形容詞有：appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)腶dvisable適當(dāng)?shù)?，合理的better較好的desirable理想的essential基本的，實(shí)質(zhì)的imperative迫切的important重要的insistent堅(jiān)持的necessary必要的natural自然的strange奇怪的unusual不尋常的urgent緊迫的vital極其重要的B.常這樣用的抽象名詞有：pity,shame,nowonderC.常這樣用的過(guò)去分詞有：suggested,requested,required,proposed,desired,ordered,recommended1)Itwasnaturalthatshe(should)thinkso.2)Itisstrangethatheshouldhavesaidso.3)Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesocareless.4)Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadybytonight.建議、命令、和要求等,謂語(yǔ)形式是“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞及其名詞形式有：ask要求advise勸告、建議determine決定decide決定demand要求desire渴望command命令insist堅(jiān)持intend打算prefer寧愿propose提議order命令recommend推薦request要求require要求suggest建議1）Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.2）Theyproposedthatalltheplansshouldbediscussedatthemeeting.3）Theydemandedthattheirwages(should)beincreased.[注]當(dāng)suggest意為“暗示”，insist意為“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為（一個(gè)事實(shí)）”時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：1）Herfacesuggested(暗示)thatshewasill.SoIsuggested(建議)thatshe(should)besenttothehospitalimmediately.2)Heinsistedthathewasright.她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的。3.動(dòng)詞wish主句謂語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)wish對(duì)…情況的虛擬從句謂語(yǔ)形式現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were）過(guò)去had+過(guò)去分詞couldhave+過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)should/would+動(dòng)詞原形[注]主句中wish的各種時(shí)態(tài)都不影響從句的時(shí)態(tài)，從句連詞that常常省去。1）IwishIweretenyearsyounger.2）IwishIhadgonetothefootballmatchlastnight.3)IwishIcouldhavetalkedtoherthen.4）Hewishesyouwouldgoandvisithim.4.asif,asthough1)Shelookedaftertheorphanasifhewereherownchild.2)Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears.[注1]asif從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，如：Heheardanoise,asifsomeonewerebreathing.[注2]在Itlooks(seems,sounds)asif后的從句中，如果接近事實(shí)的可能性大，也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.dodo…(thando…)寧愿…(而不…)sb.+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反）had+過(guò)去分詞（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）5．wouldrather+例如：1）Hewouldrathervisitus(thanstayathome).2)Iwouldratherhevisitedustoday/tomorrow.3)Iwouldratherhehadvisitedusyesterday.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式should+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式should+動(dòng)詞原形Itis(high)timethat+1)Itistimethattheboyshouldgotoschool.2)Itishightime(that)theweatherbeimproved.（Ifonly…?。㊣fonlyIknewtheanswer！Longlive+主語(yǔ)！…Longlive+主語(yǔ)！…萬(wàn)歲!…長(zhǎng)存！Mayyou+動(dòng)詞原形!祝你…!用于表示祝愿的句子中（三）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示推測(cè)一覽表表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)表示對(duì)已發(fā)生情況的推測(cè)肯定是mustdo/bedoing肯定是musthavedone肯定不是can’t/couldn’tdo/bedoing肯定不是can’t/couldn’thavedone會(huì)是嗎can/coulddo/bedoing會(huì)是嗎can/couldhavedone可能是may/mightdo/bedoing可能是may/mighthavedone照理該should/oughttodo/bedoing應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)做should/oughttohavedone需要做needdo本沒(méi)必要做而做needn’thavedone本可以/可能做而未做couldhavedone如果…是會(huì)的wouldhavedone能力過(guò)關(guān)1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we_____allright.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe2._____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.HadthecaptainbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3._____Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were4.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he_____ourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe5.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI_____youradvice.A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed6.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI_____fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was7.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun_____roundtheearth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling8.IwishI_____withher.A.wouldbeB.amC.wasD.were9.IftheWatergateIncident_____,Nixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.A.didnotoccurB.hadnotoccurredC.wasnotoccurringD.becircling10.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe_____aChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen11.Johnissostronglybuiltthathelooksasifhe_____anelephant.A.liftsB.isliftingC.liftedD.couldlift12.Hedescribedthetownasifhe_____ithimself.A.hadseenB.hasseenC.sawD.sees13.ItisimportantthattheTOEFLoffice_____yourregistration.A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm14.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology_____.A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved15.It’sabouttimepeople_____noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake16.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallbehind17.Forachildtogiveuphislessmatureideaforamorematureone,itrequiresthatthechild_____psychologicallyreadyforthenewidea.A.isB.wereC.beD.wouldbe18.I’dratheryou_____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.doB.didn’tdoC.don’tD.didn’t19.Ifonlyhe_____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldn’tsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlay20.Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_____besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would21.Whatwouldhavehappened_____asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther22.HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad23.ItishardforhimtoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall24._____besenttoworkthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：1.-Howdangerousitwas!-Yes.Butforthepasser-by’squickaction,thegirl______.A.wasdrowned B.couldhavebeendrownedC.haddrowned D.shouldbedrowned2.AmydidbestintheEnglishtest.She_____hardlastweek.A.musthaveworked B.shouldhaveworked C.shouldwork D.mustwork3..You_____thoseletters.Whydidn’tyou?A.shouldpost B.shouldhaveposted C.musthavepostedD.oughttopost.4..Whydidn’tyoutellmeyesterdaythatyoucouldlendmesomemoney?I_____moneyfromthebank.A.needn’tborrow B.can’thaveborrowedC.needn’thaveborrowed D.maynothaveborrowed5.--IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork..--Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayed B.couldstay C.wouldstay D.musthavestayed6.Ididn’tsendoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI_____.A.hadB.woulddo C.shouldhaveD.mighthaveto7.You_____thismorningifyoureallywantedtoseeityourself.A.oughttocome B.mayhavecomeC.oughttohavecome D.couldcome8.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we_____soformally.A.needn’tdressup B.didn’thavetodressupC.mightnothavedressedup D.needn’thavedressedup9.Oh,whatapity!It_____soeasyformetobringthosephotographs.Iwantedtoshowyou,butI’veleftthematthetableathome.A.wouldhavebeen B.wouldbe C.hadbeen D.was10.--Weexpectedyouyesterday.--I’msorry,I______youtosaythatIcouldn’tbehereuntiltoday.A.musthavecalled B.wouldbecallingC.couldhavebeencalling D.shouldhavecalled11.--I’mtoldthatJohnhadanothercaraccidentthismorning.--Ibelievenot.He_____socareless.A.shouldn’thavebeen B.wouldn’thavebeenC.couldn’thavebeen D.mustn’thavebeen12.--Youdidn’thearmeuntilnow?--No,Imust_____soundlywhenyoucamein.A.havebeensleeping B.havesleptC.besleeping D.slept13.Yourmotherwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.A.needn’tleave B.mustn’tleaveC.couldn’thaveleft D.shouldn’thaveleft14.--Didyougotothemoviethedaybe