2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld預(yù)習(xí)新知早知道學(xué)案含解析牛津譯林版必修第三冊

PAGEUnit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldⅠ.匹配詞義A．單詞匹配()1.theory A．共和國，共和政體()2.republic B．n.生存，存活；殘存物，幸存物()3.deadly C．n.省，省份()4.province D．n.學(xué)說，論；原理；看法，看法()5.survival E．a(chǎn)dj.致命的；十足的，徹底的()6.herb F．a(chǎn)dj.有限的()7.experiment G．a(chǎn)dj.家庭的，家用的， 家務(wù)的n.一家人，家庭()8.household H．a(chǎn)dj.足夠的，足夠的()9.sufficient I．n.藥草，香草；草本()10.limited J．n.試驗，試驗；嘗試，實踐 vi.做試驗，進行試驗；嘗試[答案]1－5DAECB6－10IJGHFB．短語匹配()1.speedup A．偶然，意外地()2.payoff B．外太空()3.byaccident C．(使)加速()4.withabang D．勝利，奏效，達到目的()5.outerspace E．很勝利；引人注目，有劇烈影響()6.letsb.down F．想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為， 認(rèn)為……是天經(jīng)地義()7.asto G．提出，提議，建議()8.takeitforgranted H．關(guān)于，至于()9.putforward I．查閱，參考；提到，談及()10.referto J．使某人悲觀[答案]1－5CDAEB6－10JHFGIⅡ.默寫單詞1．intendvi.&vt. 想要，安排；意指2．datan. 數(shù)據(jù)，資料，材料3．conductvt.&vi. 組織，4．a(chǎn)ccidentn. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭受5．favourvt. 較喜愛；偏袒；有助于n. 幫助，好事；贊同；偏袒6．electricityn. 電，電能7．chargevt.&vi. 使……擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任；使充溢n. 收費；控告；指責(zé)；掌管8．indicatevt. 表明；示意；提及；指出9．creditn. 贊揚，認(rèn)可；信用vt. 存入金額；把……歸于10．publishvt. 出版，發(fā)行；發(fā)表；公布Ⅰ.語境填空permit；declare；responsibility；scientific；survival；moral；beneficial；electric；indicate；surround1．Agooddietisbeneficialtohealth.2．Hisonlychanceofsurvivalwasahearttransplant.3．Shewouldnotpermitherselftolookatthem.4．Hecamealongtolendmemoralsupport.5．Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare?6．There'sanelectricheaterinthebedroom.7．Weneedtobemorescientificaboutthisproblem.8．Earlyresultsindicatethatthegovernmentwillbereturnedtopower.9．Thatisthequestionthatwillalwayssurroundhim.10．Thebankrefusestoacceptresponsibilityforthemistake.Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞1．Apolitician(politics)isapersonwhosejobisconnectedwithpolitics.2．Shemadeafavourable(favour)impressiononhisparents.3．Electric(electricity)isusuallyusedtodescribesomethingthatusesorproduceselectricity.4．Abomber(bomb)isaplanethatcarriesanddropsbombs.5．Youmustaskpermission(permit)forallmajorexpenditure.6．Allapplicantswillbeconsideredregardlessofage，sexornationality(nation).7．Theydon'tbelieveinmarriage(marry).8．Iquestionthewisdom(wise)ofgivingachildsomuchmoney.9．Thefollowingdayshefeltsufficiently(sufficient)welltogotowork.10．Hefinallywonhisfreedom(free)aftertwentyyearsinprison.1．Shecollectedover2，000traditionalChinesemedicalrecipesformalariatreatmentandmadehundredsofextractsfromdifferentherbs.她收集了2000多種治療瘧疾的中藥配方，并從不同的草藥中獲得了數(shù)百種提取物。2．On4October1971，after190failures，shesucceededinmakingqinghaoextractthatcouldtreatmalariainmice.1971年10月4日，在失敗了190次之后，她勝利地獲得了一種治療老鼠瘧疾的青蒿提取物3．Theyworkeddayandnightandtheirhealthbegantosufferbecauseofthepoorconditions，buttheynevergaveup.他們夜以繼日地工作，由于惡劣的條件，他們的健康起先受到損害，但他們從未放棄。4．Asakeypartofmanymalariamedicines，...作為很多治療瘧疾的藥物的主要成分。5．InherNobelLecture，sheencouragedscientiststofurtherexplorethetreasurehouseoftraditionalChinesemedicineandraiseittoahigherlevel.在她的諾貝爾演講中，她激勵科學(xué)家們進一步探究中醫(yī)藥的寶庫，并將其提升到更高的水平。詞語助讀①femaleadj.&n．女性的；女子②malarian.瘧疾③deadlyadj.致命的④survivaln．生存，存活⑤provincen.省份⑥broadadj.廣泛的；廣袤的⑦intendvi.&vt.想要；安排⑧recipen．方法，秘訣；食譜⑨extractn．提取物⑩herbn．藥草；草本?referto查閱，參考?experimentn．試驗；實踐?trialn．試用；試驗?limitedadj.有限的?householdadj.家用的，家庭的?containern.容器?sufficientadj.足夠的，足夠的?datan．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)，資料?speedup(使)加速?payoff奏效；達到目的eq\o(○,\s\up2(21))lecturen．講座，演講eq\o(○,\s\up2(22))explorevt.探討；探究eq\o(○,\s\up2(23))wisdomn．才智，才智eq\o(○,\s\up2(24))beneficialadj.有意的，有用的原文呈現(xiàn)Chinesescientistwins2015NobelPrizeByDinaConner11December2015TuYouyouhasbecomethefirstfemale①scientistofthePeople'sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrize，awardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria②，oneofthedeadliest③diseasesinhumanhistory.[1]Thankstoherdiscoveryofqinghaosu，malariapatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatlyincreasedchanceofsurvival④.[1]句中的toreceiveaNobelPrize作后置定語，修飾thefirstfemalescientist；awardedfor...為過去分詞短語作定語；oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory是名詞malaria的同位語。Bornin1930，inNingbo，ZhejiangProvince⑤，TustudiedmedicineatuniversityinBeijingbetween1951and1955.[2]Aftergraduation，sheworkedattheAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.ShecompletedfurthertrainingcoursesintraditionalChinesemedicine，acquiringabroad⑥knowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.[3][2]bornin1930...為過去分詞短語作狀語。[3]acquiring...為v.-ing短語作狀語。Tu'seducationwassoontoproveveryuseful.Inthe1960s，manypeopleweredyingofmalaria，andin1969Tubecameheadofateamthatintended⑦tofindacureforthedisease[4].Shecollectedover2，000traditionalChinesemedicalrecipes⑧formalariatreatmentandmadehundredsofextracts⑨fromdifferentherbs⑩.Whentheyfailedtoproduceanypromisingresults，Tureferredto?theancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain.Inspiredbyanover1，600-year-oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater，Turedesignedtheexperiments?andtriedextractingtheherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.[5]On4October1971，after190failures，shesucceededinmakingaqinghaoextractthatcouldtreatmalariainmice[6].[4]關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞team。[5]Inspiredbyanover1，600-year-oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater為過去分詞短語作狀語。[6]thatcouldtreatmalariainmice為定語從句，先行詞為extract。However，itwashardtoproduceenoughqinghaoextractforlargetrials?becauseresearchresourceswerelimited?.Tuandherteammanagedtofindsolutionstotheproblem.Whentherewasnoresearchequipment，theyhadtoextractherbsusinghousehold?watercontainers?.Theyworkeddayandnightandtheirhealthbegantosufferbecauseofthepoorconditions，buttheynevergaveup.Evenwithlargeamountsofqinghaoextractproduced[7]，however，theystillfacedanotherproblem.Thetrialsonpatientswerelikelytobepostponedbecausetheydidnothavesufficient?safetydata?.Tospeedup?theprocessandensureitssafety，Tuandherteamvolunteeredtotestqinghaoextractonthemselvesfirst.[7]此句為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with＋n．＋過去分詞。TheeffortsofTuandherteamfinallypaidoff?.InNovember1972，throughtrialanderror，theysuccessfullydiscoveredqinghaosu—themosteffectivepartoftheqinghaoextract.Asakeypartofmanymalariamedicines,qinghaosuhassincebenefitedabout200millionmalariapatients.Morethan40yearsafteritsdiscovery，TuwaseventuallyawardedaNobelPrizeforherwork.InherNobelLectureeq\o(○,\s\up6(21))，sheencouragedscientiststofurtherexploreeq\o(○,\s\up6(22))thetreasurehouseoftraditionalChinesemedicineandraiseittoahigherlevel.Perhapsthenextgenerationofscientists，drawingonthewisdomeq\o(○,\s\up6(23))oftraditionalChinesemedicine，willindeeddiscovermoremedicinesbeneficialeq\o(○,\s\up6(24))toglobalhealthcare.譯文參考中國科學(xué)家獲得2015年諾貝爾獎迪娜·康納2015屠呦呦成為中華人民共和國第一位獲得諾貝爾獎的女科學(xué)家。她獲獎是因為她在抗擊瘧疾中做出的貢