3208402204從容掌控概要寫作之議論文-2022年高二英語(yǔ)寒假特訓(xùn)課程

04從容掌控概要寫作之議論文04從容掌控概要寫作之議論文【課程目標(biāo)】EQ\o\ac(

,●)專題知識(shí)：針對(duì)考試題型，進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理，感悟解題方法。EQ\o\ac(

,●)題型檢測(cè)：鏈接考試真題，題型組合練，能力逐個(gè)突破。概要寫作之議論文（一）概要寫作的語(yǔ)言微技巧1.要點(diǎn)獲取。要點(diǎn)獲取過程就是文本解讀過程。對(duì)于結(jié)構(gòu)比較清楚的段落，可以通過篩選、尋找主題句找到要點(diǎn)，這通常是指能夠概括全文或段落的關(guān)鍵句子；對(duì)于主題句不明確的文章或段落，可以使用關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)主題句的方法。2.要點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)述。要求使用自己的語(yǔ)言來(lái)進(jìn)行自主表述。可以從以下幾個(gè)主要方面進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述：（1）同義替換法，指用相同的單詞、短語(yǔ)替代原文；（2）語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換法，指把句子在主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之間轉(zhuǎn)化；（3）詞性改變法，在寫作時(shí)，可以嘗試改變?cè)~性，如將動(dòng)詞改成名詞，或把形容詞改為名詞等手段變化原文；（4）句子重構(gòu)，概要寫作語(yǔ)言要求“以簡(jiǎn)為貴”，只有掌握多種句式，如定語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等，寫作時(shí)就能從容自若，就能化復(fù)雜句式為簡(jiǎn)單句或整合重組松散句子。3.要點(diǎn)銜接。概要寫作并不是簡(jiǎn)單的要點(diǎn)羅列與堆砌，因此，在獲取要點(diǎn)和轉(zhuǎn)述要點(diǎn)之后，應(yīng)特別關(guān)注各要點(diǎn)之間內(nèi)部聯(lián)系和邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，用適當(dāng)?shù)你暯訉⒁c(diǎn)進(jìn)行連接，從而形成一篇結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的小小短文。寫作中常見的銜接詞如下：1）對(duì)立關(guān)系包括讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常見的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)：but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,unfortunately,although,eventhough,nevertheless,inspiteof,regardlessof,anyhow,insteadof,ratherthan,not…but等。2）因果關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…that,such…that,inorderthat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponseto,onaccountof,becauseof,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,nowthat,asaresult,forthisreason等。3）并列關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：and,or,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,same…as等。4）總分關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：suchas,forexample,forinstance,toillustrate,asanillustration,totakeanexample,morespecifically等。5）遞進(jìn)關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,what’sworse,evenworse等。（二）議論文概要寫作技巧議論文（Argumentation）：找出議論文的三要素，即論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論。其關(guān)鍵是找出主題句或結(jié)論句。而這種文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)、分總結(jié)構(gòu)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)等。因此，我們通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找論點(diǎn)。若文中有一分為二(即對(duì)立觀點(diǎn))的觀點(diǎn)，兩種觀點(diǎn)都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的觀點(diǎn)。（三）議論文概要寫作模板議論文：opinion/idea+argument(supportingideas/reasons)課堂典例Summary1Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife.However,socialchangesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveysonthistopicsuggestthatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overlyprotectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.Inthecontext（情境）ofthisdiscussion,itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents5involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollegeagechildrenfrequently,wouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhand,doesthepossibilityoffrequentmunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’presentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today’sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermore,studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofmunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thankstotheadvancedtechnology,weliveinanageofbetteredmunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangesefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.參考范文：Technologicalchangeaffectspeople’sbehavior,butnottheirownattitudechanges.(要點(diǎn)1)Forexample,today’sparentsareconsideredtobeoverlyprotectiveorinvolvetoomuchintheirchildren’slife,（要點(diǎn)2)butthestudiesshowthatparentsofbothtodayandthepastareeagertomunicatewiththeirchildrenfrequentlyifthemeansandcostallowedandcollegestudents,financialdependencealsoaccountedfortheirmorefrequentmunication.(要點(diǎn)3)Inaword,advancedtechnologyexplainsgreaterparentalinvolvement,nottheattitude.(要點(diǎn)4)【寫作指導(dǎo)】1.核心內(nèi)容本文是一篇議論文,全文共分四段。第一段主要提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)：科技帶來(lái)的社會(huì)變化被誤認(rèn)為是人們態(tài)度的改變。第二段以調(diào)查為例,說明現(xiàn)在的父母比上一代人更多地干預(yù)孩子的生活。第三段通過對(duì)現(xiàn)在的父母干預(yù)孩子大學(xué)生活的原因的描述,證明現(xiàn)在的父母會(huì)更多地干預(yù)孩子的生活是科技變化的結(jié)果而非父母本身態(tài)度的改變。第四段,再一次總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)——科技的進(jìn)步導(dǎo)致了父母在孩子生活中角色的變化。2.寫作思路(1)理清文章脈絡(luò),概括段落大意。理清文章脈絡(luò)、概括段落大意是寫摘要的基礎(chǔ),同學(xué)們可以通過找主題句、分析段落的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)梳理文章的脈絡(luò),概括大意。該文第一段提出了總論點(diǎn)“socialchangesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes”；第二段是以“theinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege”為例,說明人們誤認(rèn)為的觀點(diǎn)。第三段主題句是段落的首句,并以父母較多干預(yù)大學(xué)生生活的原因?yàn)榉终擖c(diǎn)來(lái)支持主題句,說明上一代人也同樣會(huì)渴望與孩子多聯(lián)系,而且現(xiàn)代父母與孩子交流的主要話題還是孩子生活上的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題,而非父母的過多主觀干預(yù)。(2)確定表達(dá)要點(diǎn),靈活準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)。將每段的段落大意都作為表達(dá)的要點(diǎn)可以確保不遺漏。本文的摘要要把全文第一句作為—t"總論點(diǎn),把“socialchangesbroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes”這句話進(jìn)行同義替換（paraphrase)并對(duì)相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行整合。要點(diǎn)3,作者提出了不同的觀點(diǎn),因此用but連接要點(diǎn)2,與要點(diǎn)2整合。要點(diǎn)4是總結(jié),是對(duì)論點(diǎn)的再述,用“inaword”與要點(diǎn)3連接。Summary2Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughtolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslonglived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18century.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirsttimeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學(xué)家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.【寫作指導(dǎo)】(一)要點(diǎn)分析1.文章第一段就是本篇文章的主題句，亮明了總的觀點(diǎn)：However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.換句話說：Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsdirt.再結(jié)合下文談到的主題可知Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsdirtontheskin.范文中的要點(diǎn)1“Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.”概括非常精煉。2．第二段主要談到了在16世紀(jì)，人們認(rèn)為dirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease，尤以英、法兩國(guó)的貴族為代表。結(jié)合第三段第一句Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslonglived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversince18century.可知，直到18世紀(jì)之前，人們都認(rèn)為dirt是很“友好的”，有助于預(yù)防疾病。范文中的要點(diǎn)2“Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.”很好地總結(jié)了這些要點(diǎn)。3.第三段用Though引出人們對(duì)dirt觀點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變“…sincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.”再結(jié)合本段最后一部分Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea…可得出要點(diǎn)3“However,peoplebegantochangetheiraattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.”4.文章最后一段第一句指出，現(xiàn)在人們對(duì)于dirt的態(tài)度還是有所不同，Onthecontrary引出專家的觀點(diǎn)，一位免疫學(xué)家認(rèn)為dirt有助于增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)。這一觀點(diǎn)獲得了一些支持。范文中的要點(diǎn)4“However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.”表達(dá)很恰切。(二)要點(diǎn)連接文章概要，在寫完了要點(diǎn)之后，下一步的工作就是要把這些要點(diǎn)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞進(jìn)行連接，使上下句之間具有連貫性。本篇文章整篇結(jié)構(gòu)是總分的結(jié)構(gòu)，要點(diǎn)2和要點(diǎn)3在觀點(diǎn)上截然相反，因此，之間需要表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞，范文用了However恰到好處。要點(diǎn)3和要點(diǎn)4在觀點(diǎn)上又存在不同，因此，還是用表轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞However。不過特認(rèn)真認(rèn)為，此處用Nevertheless可以避免三句話內(nèi)出現(xiàn)兩次However。(三)關(guān)鍵詞匯第一段：fixed(確定的；不變的)第二段：means(手段，方法),blockout(擋住),openup(打開),upon(……之后；立即)第三段：longlived(長(zhǎng)期存在的),selltheidea(說服某人接收某個(gè)觀點(diǎn))第四段：warnsboff(警告某人不要靠近),position(觀點(diǎn)),gainsomeground(取得優(yōu)勢(shì))以上這些關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)于整篇文章的理解與轉(zhuǎn)化成自己的語(yǔ)言都很關(guān)鍵，如果不能準(zhǔn)確領(lǐng)會(huì)其用意，語(yǔ)篇理解的效果會(huì)大打折扣。所以，概要寫作的基礎(chǔ)是理解語(yǔ)篇，而讀懂語(yǔ)篇的基礎(chǔ)是詞匯，尤其是對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞匯的掌握與運(yùn)用。在此基礎(chǔ)上，綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法與句法結(jié)構(gòu)，按照行文邏輯組織語(yǔ)言，形成概要?！緟⒖挤段摹縋eoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.(要點(diǎn)1)Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.(要點(diǎn)2)However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.(要點(diǎn)3)However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.(要點(diǎn)4)Summary3Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Accordingtoanofficialreportonyouthviolence.“Inourcountrytoday,thegreatestthreattothelivesofchildrenandadolescentsisnotdiseaseorstarvationorabandonment,buttheterriblerealityofviolence.”Giventhatthisisthecase,whyaren’tstudentstaughttomanageconflictthewaytheyaretaughttosolvemathproblems,drivecars,orstayphysicallyfit?Firstofall,studentsneedtorealizethatconflictisunavoidable.Itisreportedthatmostviolentincidentsbetweenstudentsbeginwitharelativelyminorinsult.Forexample,afightcouldstartoverthefactthatonestudenteatsapeanutbuttersandwicheachlunchtime.Laughteroverthesandwichcanleadtoinsults,whichinturncanleadtoviolence.Iftheconflictoccurs,studentscanpracticethegoldenruleofconflictresolution:staycalm.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer.Oncethestudentfeelscalmer.Heorsheshouldchoosewordsthatwillcalmtheotherpersondownaswell.Rudewordsandaccusationsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfirewhilesoftwordscanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.Afterthat,theycanuseanotherkeystrategyforconflictresolution.Listeningallowsthetwosidestounderstandeachother.Onepersonshoulddescribehisorherside:andtheotherpersonshouldlistenwithoutinterrupting.Afterwards,thelistenercanasknonthreateningquestionstoclarifythespeaker’sposition.Thenthetwopeopleshouldchangeroles.Finally,studentsneedtoconsiderwhattheyarehearing.Anargumentdoesn’tmeantryingtofigureoutthefaultoftheotherpersonbutmeansunderstandingwhattherealissueis.Astheissuebeesclearer,theconflictoftensimplybeessmaller.(280words)

【寫作指導(dǎo)】首段引用了一個(gè)關(guān)于年輕人暴力的報(bào)告，那么該報(bào)告的內(nèi)容和啟發(fā)應(yīng)該是這段的重點(diǎn)，即暴力問題是對(duì)兒童和青少年最大的威脅，學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)解決沖突。第二段的重點(diǎn)信息是前兩句，論述了沖突不可避免，一個(gè)小的冒犯動(dòng)作就能引發(fā)暴力行為。而“Forexample”后面是針對(duì)“小的冒犯動(dòng)作”舉的例子，應(yīng)相應(yīng)舍去。接下來(lái)的三段分別介紹了解決沖突的幾個(gè)步驟——冷靜下來(lái)、相互傾聽、思考聽到的內(nèi)容。考生在字?jǐn)?shù)允許的情況下可以再概括性補(bǔ)充一些細(xì)節(jié)。即面對(duì)沖突先冷靜下來(lái)避免使用攻擊性詞匯，然后相互傾聽增進(jìn)了解，最后反思事件以降低沖突?！緟⒖挤段摹緾onflictcanleadtoviolence,sostudentsshouldbetaughthowtohandleit.Conflictisinevitableandminorinsultsmaycauseit.Stayingcalm,avoidingaggressivewordsisthepriority.Topromotemutualunderstanding,theyshouldlistentoeachotherandaskquestion.Finally,thinkingaboutwhattheyarehearingcanhelpminimizemisunderstanding.(55words)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Areyouatextaholic?Doyouspendoveranhoureachdaytextingyourfriends?Doyoufrequentlyneglectworkstudyandleisureactivitiestocheckyourphonefortextmessage?Areyoumoodyandemotionalifyouareseparatedfromyourmobilephone?Doyouhardlyeveruseyourphonetotalkanymore,anddoyourthumbsfromtextingtoomuch?Ifyouanswered'Yes'toanyoftheabovequestions,thenthechancesarethatyouareatextaholic.Atextaholiccanbedefinedassomeonewhoisaddictedtosendingandreceivingtextmessages.Themainsymptomsarestrongwilltotextwhichtakesprecedenceover(優(yōu)先于)everythingelse,andwithdrawalsymptoms(戒斷癥狀)ifmessagesfailtoein,leadingtoanger,depressionandalackofselfrespect.Otherproblemsincludesleeplessness,eyestrain,andrepetitivestraininjuryduetoconstantmessaging,nottomentionexpensivephonebills.Therootoftheproblem,aswithmanyaddictions,isthedesiretoescapefromemotionaldifficultiessuchasstress,anxietyandrelationshipproblems.Expertswarnthattextaddictionislikelytobeethemostmonformofaddictioninthefuture,especiallyamongtheyoung.Sowhatcanyoudoifyouthinkyoumaybetextaholic?Thekeyistogetyourlifebackinbalance.Makesureyouresisttheurgetoanswereverymessageyoureceive,andconsiderleavingyourmobilephonebehindoccasionallywhenyougoout.Mostimportantly,makeapointofspendingqualitytimewithfriendsandfamily,andmaketimetore—learntheartoffacetofaceconversationinsteadofconductingyourrelationshipsbymeansoftextmessages.Notonlywillyousavetimeandmoney,butyoumayalsorediscoverthepleasureoftruemunication.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Textaholicsarethosewhocan'tlivewithouttextmessages,withoutwhichhealthproblemsmayarisephysicallyandmentally.（要點(diǎn)1）Theproblemiscausedbymentaltroubleapersonhasinlife.（要點(diǎn)2）Tosolveit,oneshouldtrytoliveabalancedlife,gettingisolatedfromthemobilephoneandhavingmorepersonalmunicationwithfamilyandfriends.（要點(diǎn)3）【解析】這是一篇議論文，通讀全文可以從以下三方面進(jìn)行概括：要點(diǎn)一：短信狂是指那些生活中離不開短信的人，沒有短信就可能出現(xiàn)身體和精神上的健康問題?？捎玫降脑~匯有：arise,physicallyandmentally,healthproblem等要點(diǎn)二：這個(gè)問題是由生活中的精神問題引起的?？捎玫降脑~匯有：cause,metaltrouble等。要點(diǎn)三：為了解決這個(gè)問題，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該嘗試過一種平衡的生活，遠(yuǎn)離，與家人和朋友有更多的私人交流?？捎玫降脑~匯有：solve，trytodosth.,abalancedlife,isolated,personalmunication等。本篇以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。2Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewholeday.Nowadays,peoplestillholdthesameview.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions.Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthananyothertimeoftheday.Inaddition,ifwegetupearlyanddosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,withoutdoubtwecanbuildourbodiesandbeemuchhealthier.Thatiswhymanypeoplegettingupearlydophysicalexerciseyearafteryear.Also,wewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyofthedayifwegetupearly.However,ifwegetuplate,wewillprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry,makingitinamess.Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbesttokeepit.Ifwesticktogettingupearlyeveryday,wewillcertainlybenefitalotfromit._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thepassagetellsusthatgettingupearlyinthemorningisagoodhabitthatwillbenefitusalot.Firstly,ourbrainworksfasterandmorecorrectly.What’smore,wecanbeincreasinglyhealthybydoingsomemorningexerciseortakingashortwalk.Lastly,itenablesustomakeagoodpreparationfortheday.【解析】【分析】這是一篇概要寫作?！驹斀狻扛鶕?jù)文本內(nèi)容，這是一篇講早起是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣，這將使我們受益匪淺的說明文，要求對(duì)其進(jìn)行概要寫作。因此，我們必須首先弄清每一段落的主要內(nèi)容是什么。第一段開頭第一句話“Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.”是段落的中心句，同時(shí)也點(diǎn)明了文章的主題，后面分條說明了早睡早起的好處。第二段主要講的是早晨是一天中最好的時(shí)間。第三段主要在講，此外，如果我們?cè)缙鹱鲆恍┏烤毣蛑辉谠缟仙⒉?，毫無(wú)疑問，我們可以強(qiáng)壯我們的身體，變得更健康，其中第一句“Inaddition,ifwegetupearlyanddosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,withoutdoubtwecanbuildourbodiesandbeemuchhealthier.是段落的中心句。第四段主要講了此外，如果我們?cè)缙?，我們將有足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃，為我們一天的工作或?qū)W習(xí)做好準(zhǔn)備。弄清了每段的主要內(nèi)容后，我們就按照概要寫作的幾個(gè)原則對(duì)其進(jìn)行連接，在連接段落時(shí)需要添加必要的連接詞使其通順連貫即可。3Thesedaysoursocietydevelopsrapidlyandforcespeopletorush.Itappearsthatpeoplehavegotusedtobeinginahurry.However,it’sbetterforpeopletotaketheirtimeandlivetheirlifeataslowerpacethantohurrytogetthingsdone.Themainreasonthatconvincesustobeagainstdoingworkinahurryisthepossibilityofdoingwronginarush.Whenpeopledotheirjobsortakeactioninahurry,theycan’tmakeasounddecisionandprobablyregretlater.Asthesayinggoes,“Hastemakeswaste.”Weshouldthinkcarefullybeforemakingadecisionanddoourworklessquickly.Weshouldnotmakemistakesbydoingworkhurriedly.Slowingdownthepaceoflifehelpspeopleenjoytheirlifebetter.Forexample,takingatraintosomeplacecertainlywilltakemoretimethantakingaplane.However,takingatrainmakespeoplehaveenoughtimetogettoknowalotofnewfriends.Besides,itallowspeopletofullyenjoythebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.Onthecontrary,beinginahurrywillmakeuslosechancesofenjoyingourlives.Finally,slowerlifepaceprovidesbetterhealthconditionsforus.Asisknowntoall,takingactioninahurrybotherspeopleandraisestheirstress.Peoplethinkiftheyarenotinahurry,theywillbeealoserandthatannoysthem.Butbeinginahurrycanhurtpeoplebothphysicallyandmentally(精神上).Accordingtosomestudies,peoplewhohaveaslowerpacesufferfewerdiseases,tendtobehappierandlivemuchlongerthanthosewhoselifeistense,eveniftheformerfinishjobsmoreslowlythanthelatter.Inshort,workingquicklywillbringaboutmorematerialbenefitstomakeoursocietymoreadvanced.Yet,muchstresscan’tbringenjoyment,friendsandhealth,whicharemuchmoreimportantthanmoneyandothermaterialadvantages.Therefore,takeyourtimeandliveyourlifeataslowerpace.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Despitebeingaccustomedtothefastpaceinmodernsociety,peopleareremendedtoleadaslowerlife.(要點(diǎn)一)Firstly,slowingdownlowersthepossibilityofmittingerrorsbyprehensivethinking.(要點(diǎn)二)Secondly,moreopportunitiestoenjoylifeareallowedbyaslowerpace.(要點(diǎn)三)Lastly,betterhealthconditionphysicallyandmentallyisalsowhataslowerlifebrings.(要點(diǎn)四)Therefore,let’stakeaslowerlifefromnowon.【解析】【分析】本文為概括寫作。主要考查學(xué)生的對(duì)主旨大意的閱讀概括能力和準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵詞的能力。首先考生用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言概括文章重要信息的能力以及對(duì)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力以及對(duì)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。進(jìn)行概要寫作時(shí)，考生要把文章的具體信息用一些具體有概括功能的詞或句子表述出來(lái)?！驹斀狻勘疚氖歉乓獙懽?，其寫作步驟如下：1）細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)，明確各段的大意。2）弄清要求。是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點(diǎn)。3）列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。同時(shí)能正確地使用連詞firstly…，secondly…，lastly…..把文章有機(jī)地聯(lián)合起來(lái)。作者抓住了關(guān)鍵詞，準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言概括了文章重要信息即可?！军c(diǎn)睛】文章涵蓋了全部要點(diǎn)，在寫作中注意使用非謂語(yǔ)，句式簡(jiǎn)單明了，文章中多處運(yùn)用了非謂語(yǔ)。如動(dòng)詞的ing形式作狀語(yǔ)：Despitebeingaccustomedtothefastpaceinmodernsociety,peopleareremendedtoleadaslowerlife；動(dòng)詞的ing形式作主語(yǔ):slowingdownlowersthepossibilityofmittingerrorsbyprehensivethinking；表語(yǔ)從句：betterhealthconditionphysicallyandmentallyisalsowhataslowerlifebrings和祈使句：let’stakeaslowerlifefromnowon4PushingBackSchoolStartingTimesIt'sJanuary.Theoutdoortemperaturehasfallenbelow5Cinthemorning.Haveyoueverplainedthatyoustillhavetogetupat6a.m.andarriveatschoolbefore7am?Doyouwishyoucouldhavealongniceliein?Youarenotaloneifyouransweris"Yes!"IntheUnitedStates,manyhighschoolstudentsareunhappywiththeirschoolstartingtimes,too.Thatmaysoonchange.LastOctober,GavinNewsom,California'sgovernor,signedalawthatsetsalimitonstartingtimesofhalfpasteightforhighschoolersandeighto'clockformiddleschoolers,hopingstudentswillbenefitformtheirextratimeinbed.Sleepdeprivationisassociatedwithproblemsinattention,behaviorandlearning.AresearchreviewbytheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(C.D.C.)findsthatlaterschoolstartingtimescanleadtolessfallingasleepinclass.Thechangecanalsohelpimprovestudents'attendanceandgrades.Manyparents,however,arestronglyopposedtosuchchanges.Thosewhocannotstartworklatersaytheywon'tbeabletodroptheirchildrenoffatschoolbeforetheygotowork.Theyalsofearthatlaterstartingtimeswillmeanlaterendingtimes,resultinginfeweropportunitiesfortheirchildrentotakepartinafterschoolactivities,holdparttimejobsandcareforyoungersiblings.Supportersarguethattherereallyisnosignificantreasonnottodothis.AnthonyP