決戰(zhàn)閱讀之說明文-調(diào)查研究類3 精講課件（入門篇）

(高中說明文)調(diào)查研究3決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓取文章大意的能力。運用說明文體裁分析，規(guī)范閱讀理解的解題步驟。學會使用“脫衣服”大法分析長難句。積累與調(diào)查研究類說明文相關(guān)的主題詞匯。Ready?Go!Part1說明文體裁分析事理說明事物說明說明文分類歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2021年新高考I卷D篇闡述了情商的定義以及對有關(guān)于情商未來研究的期望全國甲卷B篇介紹了在PortLympne保護區(qū)的部分黑犀?，F(xiàn)狀全國乙卷C篇介紹藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人類審視和一次性塑料的關(guān)系D篇針對開放性辦公室，一項研究調(diào)研多少分貝的噪音最有利于人們的創(chuàng)造性思維的發(fā)展新高考II卷D篇介紹一種正在開發(fā)中的，可以用于監(jiān)測放牧牛健康狀況的機器人天津卷D篇闡述了藝術(shù)這一活動對人類的重要意義浙江卷C篇一項研究表明狗能夠識別人類的面部表情北京卷C篇通過百位科學家、作家和學者的公開信，闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的相關(guān)內(nèi)容歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年全國I卷B篇闡述了重新閱讀的意義和益處，鼓勵大家重新閱讀D篇介紹了麻省理工學院的工程師開發(fā)出的一種發(fā)光植物全國II卷B篇研究表明孩子們玩智力游戲有助于發(fā)展包括空間技能等多項能力C篇介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦的不同尋常的時裝秀中展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣全國III卷D篇通過引用最近的基因發(fā)現(xiàn)，闡述人類的進化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前，也發(fā)生在最近的幾千年間北京卷B篇介紹世界上第一條佩戴污染檢測器記錄地面附近的污染物水平的狗江蘇卷B篇講述了一度停用的電話亭在英國重新流行起來C篇研究表明對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對健康更有益年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年天津卷（5月）C篇HarbourAir航空公司研發(fā)電動飛機天津卷(7月)C篇介紹了聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的3種全新應(yīng)用浙江卷C篇《神經(jīng)病學》雜志發(fā)布一則研究顯示，做挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能幫助衰老人群保持大腦的敏銳成都診斷模擬題科學家的研究表明2歲及其以前的幼年記憶并不可信高密模擬模擬題一項研究表明定期打網(wǎng)球有助于延長壽命2019年全國卷IC篇介紹了一種新的防止個人身份和數(shù)據(jù)在電子空間被盜的高科技智能鍵盤D篇主要講述了受歡迎度對青少年的影響歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2019年全國卷IIC篇分析美國越來越多的人喜歡獨自進餐的社會現(xiàn)象D篇介紹了美國國家航空航天局為了把航天技術(shù)和學校教育結(jié)合起來，而針對高中生實施的HUNCH計劃。全國卷IIID篇一位哈佛醫(yī)學院的科學家領(lǐng)導的研究團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子能進行基本的加法計算。北京卷D篇解說由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會變得更藍、更綠的現(xiàn)象。浙江卷C篇解說并分析加利福尼亞州從90年代以來大樹不斷消失的現(xiàn)象和背后的重要原因2018年全國卷IB篇介紹了一檔英國電視節(jié)目，給觀眾介紹如何減少食物浪費以及如何以較少的預算做出美味佳肴C篇講述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少的現(xiàn)象及其原因D篇紐約羅徹斯特理工學院的研究表明，新電子設(shè)備的環(huán)境能耗比舊設(shè)備更低，是更經(jīng)濟環(huán)保的選擇歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2018年全國卷IIB篇介紹了7月份各種營養(yǎng)豐富，并包含對人體有益的微量元素的熱帶水果北京卷C篇介紹了一種吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的蟲子大蠟螟天津卷C篇介紹了3D打印技術(shù)在食物的應(yīng)用上取得的進展和遇到的挑戰(zhàn)2017年全國卷IIC篇Terrafugia公司研制出飛行汽車并成功進行了第一次飛行D篇介紹了植物在受到昆蟲的攻擊時是如何進行自我保護的,北京卷C篇已經(jīng)被疫苗消滅的麻疹近日有回歸的趨勢全國卷ID篇介紹了一種自己可以親手制作簡易太陽能蒸餾器的方法2014年全國卷ID篇為了拯救因為瀕臨滅絕的小眾語言，語言學家展開了記錄拯救工作歷年數(shù)據(jù)123說明對象事物說明事理說明語篇結(jié)構(gòu)說明順序說明方法一般-特殊型問題-解決型匹配-比較型時間空間邏輯舉例、比較、分類、引用、數(shù)字、定義、表格、圖示…12341事物事理說明文往往為了說清楚某個事物或事理是什么、為什么、怎么樣，通常在標題或首段直接指出說明對象。說明文圍繞所說事物/事理，采用多種說明方法客觀闡明，因而高頻詞會反復出現(xiàn)，閱讀過程中把握高頻詞也能準確找出說明對象，提取核心信息。名師指路(2020江蘇卷C)方法1：尋找高頻詞①Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

②Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.③Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.(2020江蘇卷C)④Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.⑤Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.⑥

Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten....(2020江蘇卷C)

高頻詞：⑥

asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,

theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),

onaverage,

duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.⑦Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,

theresearchersfound.

Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,

dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰島素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.

Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.⑧Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,

itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.連詞成句，得到說明對象Skippingbreakfastbeforeworkoutbenefitshealth.

高頻詞：skippedbreakfast/fastbeforeworkout/exercise/walkaffect/effecthealthbeneficial/benefit

高頻詞：skippedbreakfast/fastbeforeworkout/exercise/walkaffect/effecthealthbeneficial/benefit①Forthosewhocanstomachit,

workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,

accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

②Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.

However,

farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.③Tofindout,

Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,

whoselifestylesare,

forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.

Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.(2020江蘇卷C)方法2：看文章標題；尋找首段中心句方法2：看文章標題；尋找首段中心句事理說明文本文屬于調(diào)查研究類說明文2018全國卷ID方法1：尋找高頻詞①

Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（裝置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.②Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.

Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.

Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.

Desktopcomputers,

basicmobilephones,

andbox-setTVsdefined1992.

Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,

smartphones,

andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.③Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn’tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.④Sowhat’sthesolution(解決方案)?

Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,

buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.(2020江蘇卷C)

高頻詞：

高頻詞：old/outdateddeviceconsume/consumptionenvironmentenergy連詞成句，得到說明對象Astudyshowsolddevicemayconsumemoreenergyandisbadfortheenvironment.

高頻詞：old/outdateddeviceconsume/consumptionenvironmentenergy①

Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（裝置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.②Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.

Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.

Desktopcomputers,

basicmobilephones,

andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,

smartphones,

andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.方法2：看文章標題；尋找首段中心句方法2：看文章標題；尋找首段中心句2018全國卷ID事理說明文本文屬于調(diào)查研究類說明文22020年江蘇省高考題C

①Forthosewhocanstomachit,

workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,

accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

②Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.

However,

farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.

③Tofindout,

Britishscientistsconductedastudy.

Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,

whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofus.

Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.

④Then,

ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,

eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,

intheory,

shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.

Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,

meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,

theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.

⑤Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,

thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.

⑥Thentheycomparedthesamples.

Therewereconsiderabledifferences.

Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,

theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,

duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.

⑦Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,

theresearchersfound.

Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,

dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰島素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.

Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.

⑧Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,

itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.說明對象研究過程研究結(jié)果結(jié)果分析2020年江蘇高考C①Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（裝置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.②Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.

Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.

Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.

Desktopcomputers,

basicmobilephones,

andbox-setTVsdefined1992.

Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.

AndMP3

players,

smartphones,

andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,

beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.③Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn’tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.

AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.④Sowhat’sthesolution(解決方案)?

Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,

buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,

suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.

Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.2018全國卷ID說明對象研究過程研究結(jié)果2018全國卷ID篇結(jié)果分析Expositionexplainssomething.Inordertomakeideasclearandunderstandabletothereaders,expositionusuallyfollowstimeorder,spaceorderorlogicalorder.常見的邏輯順序有：從原因到結(jié)果，從主要到次要，從整體到部分，從概括到具體，從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等。名師指路3①...②...③...Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus....④...⑤...⑥Thentheycomparedthesamples....Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.2020年江蘇省高考題C

題目見講義本文是事理說明文，是關(guān)于鍛煉前吃不吃早餐對健康的研究。作者通過列數(shù)字、作比較等說明方法，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和研究結(jié)果。充分說明了對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對健康更有益。即說明對象：Skippingbreakfastbeforeworkoutbenefitshealth.名師指路What’sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：說明文的說明方法服務(wù)于說明對象。①...That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.②...Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3

players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.③...

“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher....④...Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.2018全國卷ID

題目見講義

本文是事理說明文，是關(guān)于舊電子設(shè)備要比新設(shè)備耗能高的科普。作者通過分類別、列數(shù)字、引資料、作比較等說明方法，介紹了研究過程、研究結(jié)果和針對該問題的解決辦法。作者主張使用新電子設(shè)備，既經(jīng)濟又環(huán)保。即說明對象：Astudyshowsolddevicemayconsumemoreenergyandisbadfortheenvironment.名師指路What’sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：事理類說明文的說明對象通常也是主旨句，呈現(xiàn)文章的主旨。PART2真題講解示例12020江蘇卷C123Watchthevideo.Isexercisewithoutbreakfastgoodforhealth?2020年江蘇卷C題目見講義

①Forthosewhocanstomachit,

workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,

accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

②Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.

However,

farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.

③Tofindout,

Britishscientistsconductedastudy.

Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,

whoselifestylesare,

forbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofus.

Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.

④Then,

ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,

eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,

intheory,

shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.

Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,

meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).

Ontheotheroccasion,

theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.

⑤Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,

thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.

⑥Thentheycomparedthesamples.

Therewereconsiderabledifferences.

Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.

Asaresult,

theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.

Ontheotherhand,

theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),

onaverage,

duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.

⑦Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,

theresearchersfound.

Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,

dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰島素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.

Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.

⑧Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,

itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.摘要一般特殊型

說明文引言正文總結(jié)Workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst.Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Togainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.Thenthescientistscomparedthesamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissuebeforeandanhouraftereachworkout.Itwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant.1.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“

”.4.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?4.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?快速通讀文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所對應(yīng)的題目。Mindmap2020年江蘇卷C說明對象研究過程研究結(jié)果Workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst.Theyburnedmorefatandburnedslightlylesscaloriesduringwalkswithoutbreakfastthanwithbreakfast.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewithoutbreakfastbeforeexercisethanwhenwithbreakfast.Themenwithoutbreakfastatthestartoftheirworkoutsdisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsthanwithbreakfast.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeed.Thenthescientistscomparedthesamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissuebeforeandanhouraftereachworkout.結(jié)果分析Multiplegenesbehaveddifferentlywithorwithoutbreakfast.一般特殊2.Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?3.Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A.Theysuccessfullylostweight.B.Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C.Theyburnedmorefatonaverage.D.Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.3Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimproves

geneperformances.B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslows

metabolicrates.C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantas

morningexercise.D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastis

betterforhealth.4題目速覽Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“

”.

A.digestthemealeasily B.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeat D.eatwhateverisoffered1詞義猜測題Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A.Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinary

people.B.Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C.Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D.Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.2細節(jié)理解題細節(jié)理解題推理判斷題Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“_________”.A.digestthemealeasily B.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeat D.eatwhateverisoffered拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）詞義猜測題1STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位說明對象Workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst.①Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

workingoutbeforebreakfast技巧點撥：根據(jù)前后文推理猜測語法譯主干加枝葉一項關(guān)于用餐時間和身體健康（關(guān)系的）研究（表明），對于那些能耐餓的人，早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯再鍛煉對健康更有益。答案指向句分析step1:去枝葉，找主干，括從句step2:添加枝葉（定語狀語），補全句意those為先行詞，其后是who引導的定語從句

意為“那些……的人”；

對于那些人，早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯再鍛煉對健康更有益。Forthosewhocanstomachit,

workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,

accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A.Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B.Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C.Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D.Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）細節(jié)理解題2STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位研究過程Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen.③Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.representativeofthoseofmostofus技巧點撥：詞義復現(xiàn)答案指向句分析whoselifestylesare,

forbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofusforbetterandworse,overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoung

men插入語adj.作定語修飾men參考譯文他們首先找到了10個超重且不愛運動但健康的年輕人，不管怎么樣，他們的生活方式代表了我們大多數(shù)人。Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,

whoselifestylesare,

forbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofus.主干Theyfirstfound10men.123132定語從句修飾先行詞menWhathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A.Theysuccessfullylostweight. B.Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C.Theyburnedmorefatonaverage. D.Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）細節(jié)理解題3STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位研究結(jié)果Themenwithoutbreakfastatthestartoftheirworkoutsdisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsthanwithbreakfast.③Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),技巧點撥：詞義復現(xiàn)Ontheotherhand,

theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),

onaverage,

duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.答案指向句分析12譯主干加枝葉另一方面，平均而言，他們在早餐后鍛煉時燃燒的卡路里略多于禁食后。他們會燃燒稍微多點的卡路里。Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題4STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段題干定位說明對象Workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst.①Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybe技巧點撥：主旨大意題尋找中心句，通常位于首段或尾段morebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,回顧2020年江蘇卷C說明對象研究過程研究結(jié)果Workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst.Theyburnedmorefatandburnedslightlylesscaloriesduringwalkswithoutbreakfastthanwithbreakfast.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewithoutbreakfastbeforeexercisethanwhenwithbreakfast.Themenwithoutbreakfastatthestartoftheirworkoutsdisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsthanwithbreakfast.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeed.Thenthescientistscomparedthesamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissuebeforeandanhouraftereachworkout.結(jié)果分析Multiplegenesbehaveddifferentlywithorwithoutbreakfast.Q3Q2Q1Q4Tip1:說明文細節(jié)理解題的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:說明文細節(jié)理解題正確選項特征______________________________________細節(jié)理解劃出題干、選項關(guān)鍵詞同詞/同義復現(xiàn)回憶文章結(jié)構(gòu)，定位具體段落關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞句，找出答案Tip1:說明文主旨大意題常與_____________有關(guān)。Tip2:說明文中心句常出現(xiàn)在_____________,

常見的標志詞/句：①____________________________________;②____________________________________;③____________________________________。Tip3:說明文主旨題正確選項特征_____________________主旨大意說明對象Accordingtoanewstudy,

…標題或段首Thestudyshowsthat…However,asaresult,infact…同義復現(xiàn)/概括呈現(xiàn)Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A.Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B.Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C.Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D.Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.②Tofindout,

Britishscientistsconductedastudy.

Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,

whoselifestylesare,

forbetterandworse,

representativeofthoseofmostofus.

Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.詞匯梳理：同義/近義復現(xiàn)2representativemostofusinactive③Thentheycomparedthesamples.

Therewereconsiderabledifferences.

Mostobviously,

themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.

Asaresult,

theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.

Ontheotherhand,

theyburneds