非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞non-finite verbs 課件 高中英語(yǔ)人教版必修第三冊(cè)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞non-finiteverbs

復(fù)習(xí)：基本句型和句子成分主+謂主+謂+賓主+系+表主+謂+賓+賓主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)兩個(gè)修飾成分：定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)：在句中不充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞Hecameinsidetheroom.HecameinsidetheroomwhenIwasnotthere.Hecameinsidetheroomwhichshecleanedupcarefully.Hecameinsidetheroom,buthecouldn’tfindanything.Hecameinsidetheroom,findingnothing.Injured

inhisleg,hecameherelate.Hecameheretolookfortreatment.謂語(yǔ)&非謂語(yǔ)從形式上看，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分三類：todo:表目的；未發(fā)生的事V-ing:

表動(dòng)作當(dāng)下?tīng)顟B(tài)；主動(dòng)V-ed:

表被動(dòng)非謂語(yǔ)使用條件一個(gè)句子中,已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Wheneverhewasaskedthequestion,hewouldanswercarelessly,alwaysofferingthesameexcuse.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcoveringthedesert.TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames

heldinBeijingin2008.Thefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjusttohavealookatthesportsstars.找出謂語(yǔ)及非謂語(yǔ)形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語(yǔ)可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)todo動(dòng)詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞doing動(dòng)名詞名詞現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞done過(guò)去分詞非謂語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和功能動(dòng)詞不定式todoTofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.Shearrangedtohavedinnertogether.Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.Iadvisedhimtomakepreparationinadvance.HeisthefirstmantoflysoloacrossAtlantic.Toapplyforthescholarship,youneedtosubmitacompletedform.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語(yǔ)可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)todo動(dòng)詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動(dòng)名詞名詞現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞done過(guò)去分詞非謂語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和功能doing現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞Talkingiseasierthandoing.Itisnousewaitinghere.MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.Themanstandingbythewindowismyteacher.Shefelloffthebike,breakingherleftleg.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語(yǔ)可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)todo動(dòng)詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動(dòng)名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過(guò)去分詞非謂語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和功能done過(guò)去分詞Tomsoundsverymuvhinterestedinthejob.Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.Shelefttherestaurant,disappointedwiththebadservice.Youshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoiingonhere.表語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語(yǔ)可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)todo動(dòng)詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動(dòng)名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過(guò)去分詞√√√√非謂語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和功能1.Itis(adj.)todo...：it作形式主語(yǔ)Itisfascinatingtoworkwithyou.特例：Itisnouse/nopoint/nogood/useful/useless/fun/pleasant/awasteoftime/apleasuredoingsth.Itisnouse

tryingtoarguewithSam.Isitanygoodexplainingagain?Itispleasantworkingwithyou.Itisawasteoftimearguingwithhim.一、主語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)2.非謂語(yǔ)的否定：在整個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)前+not/neverNotconsideringyourfeelingismyfault.Nottospeakinthelibraryisamanner.3.非謂語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)，可被定語(yǔ)修飾(sb’s)Myopeningthedoordisturbedyou.非謂語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語(yǔ)可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)todo動(dòng)詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動(dòng)名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過(guò)去分詞√√√√非謂語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和功能1.todo(表示還未發(fā)生的、目的、將要做的)常接不定式的動(dòng)詞有：wish/hopetodo、want/desire/prefertodo、failtodo、plan/expecttodo、agree/promisetodo、decide/arrange/determinetodo、mean/intendtodo、affordtodo、promisetodo、refusetodo、applytodo、pretendtodo、managetodo(成功做..)、offertodo(主動(dòng)提出)、happentodo(碰巧做...)、remainto(bedone):有待...Majorquestionsremaintobeansweredabouthiswork【主動(dòng)形式，無(wú)被動(dòng)】2.doing常接doing的動(dòng)詞有：deny(否認(rèn)),miss(錯(cuò)過(guò)),avoid,escape;admit,forbid(禁止),consider,suggest,finish;mind(介意),risk(冒險(xiǎn)),imagine,allow,practise,enjoy/appreciate二、賓語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)lookforwardtodoing 期待devote...todoing 獻(xiàn)身于

getused/accustomedtodoing 習(xí)慣payattentiontodoing 注重做be/getclosetodoing 接近做getdowntodoing 開(kāi)始著手做thekeytodoing 做某事的關(guān)鍵leadtodoing 導(dǎo)致sticktodoing 堅(jiān)持做某事makecontributionstodoing為...作出貢獻(xiàn)v+ing作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)：非謂語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)其他常見(jiàn)固定搭配havenochoicebut/excepttodo

沒(méi)有選擇只能做can’tstanddoing

無(wú)法忍受做havedifficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in)doingsth.很難做某事haveagoodtime/fun(in)doingsth.bebusy/occupied(in)doingsth. 忙于做某事spendsometime(in)doingsth. 花時(shí)間做某事非謂語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)以下動(dòng)詞接todo與doing作賓語(yǔ)意思有較大區(qū)別remember forget regrettrymeanstop goon can’thelpIregretmissingthereport. （后悔）IregrettosayIcan'ttakeyouradvice. （遺憾）Pleasegoondoingthesameexercise. （繼續(xù)，接著）Pleasegoontodotheotherexercise. （繼續(xù)另一件事情）Westoppedtalking. （停止）Westoptotalk. （停下做另一件事）Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.（設(shè)法；努力）ALet'strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway.（嘗試）AIdidn'tmeantomakeyouangry. （打算做）AYourplanwouldmeanspendingmorehours. （意味著）非謂語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)以下動(dòng)詞既可以接todo，也可以接doing作賓語(yǔ)（主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）need require want deserveThewatchneeds

repairing/toberepaired.Thewatchrequires

repairing/toberepaired.Thewatchwants

repairing/toberepaired.Themurdererdeserves

punishing/tobepunished.非謂語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)以下動(dòng)詞接todo與doing作賓語(yǔ)意思有細(xì)微區(qū)別love like dislike hateIlikedancing,butIdon’tliketodancewithyoutonight.doing通常表示常規(guī)性動(dòng)作，todo通常表示特殊性、一次性動(dòng)作形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語(yǔ)可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)todo動(dòng)詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動(dòng)名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過(guò)去分詞√√√√非謂語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和功能1.不定式(todo)作表語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)通常是plan,aim,goal,priority,purpose等,表目的Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.Mypriorityistodrivethemtothepowerstationnow.Hisgoalistobecomeanactor.2.動(dòng)詞ing作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常表示一般/常規(guī)性動(dòng)作，或事物的性質(zhì)&特征Hishobbyisreadingbooks.Thisfoodsmellsinviting.?（這種食物香味怡人）?Thisbookisinteresting.??Theproblemisquitepuzzling.?三、表語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)3.過(guò)去分詞Done作表語(yǔ)：Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.作表語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞,如：crowded,devoted,discouraged,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,等。非謂語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語(yǔ)可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)todo動(dòng)詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動(dòng)名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過(guò)去分詞√√√√非謂語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和功能1.不定式todo作賓補(bǔ)：advisesb.todo/asksb.todoallow/permitsb.todowarnsb.nottodo其余還有：beg,cause,command,order,drive(驅(qū)使),elect(選舉),encourage,expect,forbid,force(強(qiáng)迫),invite,mean,persuade,remind,teach,tell等表示“使/讓某人去做某事”四、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）動(dòng)詞不定式省略to：感官動(dòng)詞：see,hear,watch,notice,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel使役動(dòng)詞：have,make,let①

感官動(dòng)詞/使役動(dòng)詞+sb./sth.+dosth.（主動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）如：Isawalittlegirlrunacrossthestreet.②

被動(dòng)時(shí)要加to：Thegirlwasseentorunacrossthestreet.非謂語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)非謂語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)2.現(xiàn)在分詞doing作賓補(bǔ)：主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)

Vsb.doingsth.

：（主動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）?感官動(dòng)詞?：see,watch,observe,notice,hear,listen,feelIsawalittlegirlrunningacrossthestreet.?使役動(dòng)詞?：have,get,find,leave,keep,catch（主動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行）Ikepthimwaitingforhours.It'sdangerousifyouhavethefireburningallthenight.?其他動(dòng)詞?：discover/catch/find(發(fā)現(xiàn)),bring,prevent,send,set,start,stopcatchsb.cheating/stealingIpreventedhimenteringtheroom.Isenthimrunningtothestore.Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.Ican'tmakemyselfunderstood.WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyautumnleaves.Isawtheoldwomanknockeddownbyatruck.

1.Theguestsleftmostofthedishes___________(touch),becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.2.Youshouldkeepme_________(inform)ofthelatestnews.untouchedinformed非謂語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)3.過(guò)去分詞done作賓補(bǔ)：（被動(dòng)關(guān)系）4.With+賓語(yǔ)+非謂語(yǔ)(賓補(bǔ))的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：

判斷邏輯主語(yǔ)和非謂動(dòng)詞的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系，或表目的非謂語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)1.Withnoone________(talk)to,Johnfeltmiserable.Withalotofwork_______(do),hewasn'tallowedtogoout.2.Withprices_________(go)upsofast,wecan'taffordluxuries.Withthecrowds_________(cheer),theydrovetothepalace.3.Shehadtowalkhomewithherbike________(steal).Isatinmyroomforafewminuteswithmyeyes______(fix)ontheceiling.Icrossedmyarms===Istoodthere,withmyarmscrossed.totalktodogoingcheeringstolenfixed形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語(yǔ)可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)todo動(dòng)詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動(dòng)名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過(guò)去分詞√√√√非謂語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和功能1.不定式todo作定語(yǔ)(后置定語(yǔ))，它和被修飾詞的關(guān)系有三種：主謂、動(dòng)賓和同位HeisthefirstmantoflysoloacrossAtlantic.Isthisthebestwaytohelphim?Theoldmanislookingforaquietplacetolivein.請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)記旅行中要遵守的規(guī)矩。Pleaseremembertherulestofollowduringthetrip.我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。Weallhaveachancetogotouniversity.五、定語(yǔ)：非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)主謂關(guān)系同位關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系2.doing與done作定語(yǔ)對(duì)比學(xué)1）前置定語(yǔ)(doing通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行和主動(dòng),done表示動(dòng)作已完成或被動(dòng))boilingwater,fallingleaves,asleepingchild,therisingsun(thesunwhichisrising)boiledwater,fallenleaves,aspoiled(被寵壞的)kid,theinspiredaudience2）作后置定語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,需要找到邏輯主語(yǔ)后判斷主被動(dòng)）Thosepeople__________(wish)tojointhisclubpleasesignhere.=Thosepeoplewhowishtojointhisclubpleasesignhere.Thegoods__________(export)fromShenzhencustoms(海關(guān))havereachedthedestination.=ThegoodswhichareexportedfromShenzhencustomshavereached...非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)wishingexportedWemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson_________(receive)thegift.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases________(know)onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge．Theman__________(sit)atthebackisMr.Smith.(sit:vi.主動(dòng)坐下；seat:vt.(使)就座;向…提供座位seatyourself)

sit=beseated4.Ancientculturesaroundtheworlddevelopedcustoms_______(design)towelcomethereturnofthesun.5.Therearetworoads____________(lead)tothevillage.6.Someofthequestions____________(raise)bythestudentswereverydifficulttoanswer.Exercise:-ing與-ed作定語(yǔ)找到被修飾詞（邏輯主語(yǔ)）,判斷主被動(dòng)receivingknownsittingdesignedleadingraised非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)Exercise2）作后置定語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,通常需要找到邏輯主語(yǔ)后判斷主被動(dòng)）4.Therearealotofrestaurants__________(serve)westernfood.=Therearealotofrestaurantswhichservewesternfood.5.Theflowers___________(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.=Theflowerswhichsmellsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitors...6.Shelearnedtolovethecountry,andeventuallywroteabook___________(base)onherexperiencesinthecountry.=Shewroteabookwhichisbasedonherexperience.servingsmellingbased形式名稱具有以下詞類功能非謂語(yǔ)可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞种髡Z(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)todo動(dòng)詞不定式名詞形容詞副詞√√√√√√doing動(dòng)名詞名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞副詞√√√√done過(guò)去分詞√√√√非謂語(yǔ)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和功能1.不定式todo作狀語(yǔ)①目的狀語(yǔ)：Toapplyforthescholarship,youneedtosubmitacompletedform.②結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：Herushedhomeonlytofindthepartywasover.Thenewsreporterhurriedtotheairport,onlytofindthefilmstarshadleft.Thelittlegirlistooyoungtotakecareofherself.Youareoldenoughtotakecareofyourselfnow.Sheissoquietastostayathomethewholeday.Itwassuchaloudnoiseastowakeeveryoneintheroom.六、狀語(yǔ)：非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)too+adj./adv.+todo：太...以至于不能做...adj./adv.+enough+todo:足以做onlytodo...表示不如意的結(jié)果，“不料卻...”so+adj./adv.+astosuch+n.+asto如此...以至于...現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般都是主句的主語(yǔ)。為了使作狀語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞意義更加明確,常在分詞前加when,if,while,though等連詞①時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=___________________________,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=____________________________________,Icameacrossanoldfriend.Whenourtownisseenfromthehill,itlooksbeautiful.=___________________________,ourtownlooksbeautiful.=___________________________,ourtownlooksbeautiful.2.doing與done作狀語(yǔ)WalkinginthestreetWhen/whilewalkinginthestreetSeenfromthehillWhenseenfromthehill非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)②原因狀語(yǔ)：As/Becausehelivesfarfromschool,hehastogetupearlyeverymorning.=____________________________,hehastogetupearlyeverymorning.③伴隨狀語(yǔ)：MarystoodattheschoolgateandwaitedforBetty.=Marystoodattheschoolgate,__________________________.條件狀語(yǔ)：Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.=____________________________,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.=____________________________,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.LivingfarfromschoolwaitingforBettyGivenmoretimeIfgivenmoretime2.doing與done作狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)讓步狀語(yǔ)：Thoughitweighsalmost50kilograms,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.=________________________________________,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.Althoughhewasbeatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.=____________________________________,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.⑥

結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：ApassengerplanehascrashedinLibyaandkilledmorethan100peopleonboard.=ApassengerplanehascrashedinLibya,_______________________（Though）Weighingalmost50kilograms（Although）Beatenbytheenemykillingmorethan100people…2.doing與done作狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),找邏輯主語(yǔ)

主動(dòng)就用-ing,被動(dòng)就用-ed1.

____________(walk)

in

the

street,Icame

across

anold

friend.

2.

____________

(use)your

head,you

will

find

a

way.3.

____________(keep)

in

refrigerator,

these

vegetables

will

remain

fresh.

4.

____________(see)

from

the

space,

the

earthlooks

blue.

5.____________(measure)3

to4feetinlength,

the

snake

was

trapped

by

him

with

abag.doing與done作狀語(yǔ)Exercise：WalkingUsingKeptSeenMeasuring邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)對(duì)比:目的狀語(yǔ)與伴隨狀語(yǔ)Alicereturnedfromthemanager’soffice,_________(tell)methatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce．Shewrotetotheeditor,________(hope)thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________(rest)onabigrock．Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,__________(prepare)alongspeech.___________(keep)warm,weshutallthewindows.tellinghopingtorestpreparingTokeep逗號(hào)后面通常是伴隨狀語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)ExercisesJustthentheyoungmanoffered

________(take)mybabyintohisarms.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only____________(tell)thefilmstarshadleft．Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_______(have)alookatthesportsstars. Pingyao,anOldTownwithitsownseveral-kilometer-longwall,hasmanaged___________(preserve)itsMingandQingappearance.

tobetoldtotaketohavetopreserveWedon’tallow___________(swim)