2022-2023學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考英語試卷（解析版）

安慶二中2022-2023學(xué)年高三年級(jí)下學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考英語試卷考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howdidthewomancometoschool?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bysubway2.Whatmaythemanwanttotry?A.Football.B.Volleyball.C.Tennis.3.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Atthebusstation.C.Attheconcert.4.Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?A.Sunny.B.Windy.C.Rainy.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aconcert.B.Amovie.C.Aninstrument.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatwillthewomanprobablytakeforthepicnic?A.Sandwiches.B.Drinks.C.Cakes.7.Howmuchwillthewomansavewithherstudentcard?A.￡8.B.￡2.C.￡4.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethenewlawsabout?A.Askingpeopletorecycle.B.Raisingthepriceofcoffee.C.Forbiddinglittering.9.Howdoesthewomanfindthelawsatlast?A.Useless.B.Fair.C.Temporary.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatisNigel’scourse?A.Literature.B.ComputerC.Business.11.WhatprojectisNigelworkingonwithJenny?A.Startingacompany.B.Surveyingstudents’interest.C.Settingupafoodshop.12.WhatdoesthewomanadviseNigeltodo?A.Helpthepoorstudents.B.Thinkabouttheprojectcarefully.C.Avoidsellingthingstostudents.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatshouldonedotoenterthecompetition?A.Writeastory.B.Goonaholiday.C.Writeapoem.14.Whenwillthewinnersbeannounced?A.On8th,March.B.On18th,March.C.On10th,March.15.WhereistheofficeofTravelLight?A.AtGreenRoad.B.AtJessieStreet.C.At10King’sStreet.16.HowlongwillthewinnerstravelaroundtheRockyMountains?A.Twoweeks.B.Oneweek.C.Amonth聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whathappenedtothebeachlastyear?A.Alotofbirdsdiedatthebeach.B.Itswhitesandwaswashedaway.C.Itwaspollutedbyanoilleak.18.Whatisthefunctionofthehugemachine?A.Topreventtheoilfromspreading.B.Tokeeptherescueworkerssafe.C.Tostopthewavesfloating.19.Whatdidthevolunteersdoonthebeach?A.Carryawaytheoilinbigboxes.B.Gathertheoilwithabroom.C.Gettheoiloffthetrucks.20.Whatdidtheworkersteachvolunteers?A.Howtopickupbirdsintheoil.B.Howtosendbirdstosafeplaces.C.Howtoremovetheoilfrombirds’wings.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheUNESCOWorldHeritageListisaprestigioushonourawardedtositesofoutstandinguniversalvaluearoundtheworld.Didyouknowthereare1,157UNESCOWorldHeritageSitesspanningacross167countries?We’vepickedoutourtop4foryoutovisitbelow.TheAcropolis,GreeceTheAcropolisisanancientcastlethatstandsproudintheGreekcityofAthens.BackinthefifthcenturyBCafterbattlewiththePersians,theplansofPericlescametolifeundertheinfluenceofPheidias,thesculptor.Itthenbecameaplaceforthoughtandarttoflourish,wheresymbolsofclassicalspiritandcivilisationcamealive.HistoriccentreofRome,ItalyAccordingtoRomanmythology,theEternalCitywasfoundedin753BCandbecamethecapitalofthemightyRomanEmpire.RomeishometoanumberofattractionsincludingtheForum,thePantheonandtheColosseum!ThisWorldHeritagesitecontainsthewholehistoriccentrewithinthecitywallsandreflectstheinfluenceoftheRenaissanceandBaroqueperiodsinmakingitoneofItaly’smostpopularcities.AyutthayaHistoricalPark,ThailandThehistoriccityofAyutthayainThailandwasfoundedaround1350andwassubsequentlydestroyedinthe18thcenturybytheBurmese.What’slefttodayistheruinsandsomekeyhighlightsincludetheBuddhisttemplesofWatRatchaburana,WatMahathatandWatPhraSriSanphet.Theareaishometotheremainsoftallprang(reliquarytowers)andshouldnotbemissed.CulturallandscapeofBali,IndonesiaThelandscapeinBaliisunlikeanythingelseonEarth.Consistingoffivericeterraces(梯田)andwatertemplescovering19,500hectares,theculturallandscapetakesyourbreathaway.Thissitegainshonourthroughanancientfarmingceremonydatingbacktothe9thcenturyknownassubak.Thisconceptreflectsthespirit,thehumanworldandnature,alsoknownasTriHitaKarana.1.WhatmighthavehappenedinGreeceinthe5thcenturyBC?A.Greecebecamefamousforitscastles. B.Pheidiasbecameasculptor.C.GreecefoughtagainstPersians. D.TheGreekspiritdisappeared.2.Whatissubak?A.Ariceterrace. B.Aculturallandscape. C.Awatertemple. D.Anagriculturalceremony.3.Whichofthefollowinghasthelongesthistory?A.TheAcropolis. B.TheEternalCity. C.Ayutthaya. D.TriHitaKarana.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了4個(gè)聯(lián)合國教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)：希臘的雅典衛(wèi)城，意大利羅馬的永恒之城，泰國大城府歷史公園以及印尼巴厘島的文化景觀。1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章TheAcropolis,Greece部分內(nèi)容“BackinthefifthcenturyBCafterbattlewiththePersians,theplansofPericlescametolifeundertheinfluenceofPheidias,thesculptor.(公元前5世紀(jì)，在與波斯人的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后，伯里克利的計(jì)劃在雕刻家菲迪亞斯的影響下得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。)”可知，公元前5世紀(jì)，在與波斯人的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后，才實(shí)現(xiàn)了伯里克利的計(jì)劃，由此可推知，公元前5世紀(jì)，希臘與波斯之間有可能發(fā)生了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章CulturallandscapeofBali,Indonesia部分內(nèi)容“Thissitegainshonourthroughanancientfarmingceremonydatingbacktothe9thcenturyknownassubak.Thisconceptreflectsthespirit,thehumanworldandnature,alsoknownasTriHitaKarana.(這個(gè)地方通過一個(gè)古老的農(nóng)業(yè)儀式獲得榮譽(yù)，這個(gè)儀式可以追溯到9世紀(jì)，被稱為subak。這個(gè)概念反映了精神，人類世界和自然，也被稱為三希塔卡拉納。)”可知，“subak”是一種農(nóng)業(yè)儀式。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章HistoriccentreofRome,Italy部分內(nèi)容“theEternalCitywasfoundedin753BC(永恒之城始建于公元前753年)”可知，永恒之城建于公元前753年，是列舉出的世界遺產(chǎn)中擁有最長歷史的。故選B項(xiàng)。BAgirlof12hasraisedmorethan￡8,000foracancercharitybyrunningthreekilometreseverydayforayearinhonourofhergrandad.EmilyTalman,ofBirkenhead,Merseyside,wasinspiredbytheDailyMirror’s“PrideofBritainAwards”totakeonthechallenge.ShestartedrunningonNovember8lastyearafterGrandadPeteTalmanrecoveredfromprostate(前列腺)cancer.Emilysaidshediditforallgrandads.Sheadded:“Irememberwatchingthe‘PrideofBritainAwards’lastyear,whenmygrandadwasbetter,andIwantedtodosomethingtohelpotherfamilieswhoaregoingthroughwhatwedid.”Pete,69,wasdiagnosedwithcancerin2019.HehadsuccessfulsurgerytoremovehisprostatethefollowingJuly.“Mygrandadalwaystoldme,‘Nevergiveup,nevergivein’andthat’swhatI’vetoldmyselfduringmychallenge.Ifeelliketheluckiestgirlintheworldtostillhavehiminmylife.”Emilyhadtofaceallweatherforherruns.Butshesaidthinkingaboutfamilieswhohavelostlovedonestocancerkepthergoing.Thedeterminedschoolgirl,whohasthreesisters,added,“Ialwaysthinkaboutthepeoplewhocan’tbewiththeirgrandad,dad,uncle,orbrotherbecauseofprostatecancer.”LiverpoolfanEmilyevenmadetimeonChristmasDayandher12thbirthdayonAugust15forherruns.Sheplansto“havealittlebreakfromrunning”buthopestocomplete100moredayseveryyearinthefuturetokeepspreadingawarenessofprostatecancer.ParentsRickyTalmanandStaceyWilliamstoldoftheirprideinher.Rickysaid,“Itwasatoughchallengebutshe’sjustbeenawarriorandeveryoneinthefamilyissoproudofher.”4.WhatdoesEmilyrunfor?A.Thefamily’sdream. B.Ameaningfulcause.C.Hereducationfunds. D.Herphysicalhealth.5.WhatmotivatedEmilytodosomethingforallgrandads?A.ATVprogram. B.Aprizeawardedtoher.C.Herterribledisease. D.Hergrandad’swords.6.WhatisEmily’splanforthefuture?A.Tocommittospreadingawarenessofrunning.B.Togetdowntopromotingheracademicperformance.C.Torunabout1/3yearforcancercharity.D.Totakeonatougherchallengetoproveherself.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeEmily?A.Lovelyandinnocent. B.Proudandhumorous.C.Considerateandtalkative. D.Caringanddetermined.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的為了紀(jì)念祖父，一名12歲的女孩Emily一年來每天跑三公里為一家癌癥慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌集資金的故事。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的“Agirlof12hasraisedmorethan￡8,000foracancercharitybyrunningthreekilometreseverydayforayearinhonourofhergrandad.(一名12歲的女孩為了紀(jì)念她的祖父，一年來每天跑3公里，為一家癌癥慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌集了8000多英鎊。)”可知，小女孩跑步是為了給一家癌癥慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌集資金，由此可知，她是在做一件有意義的事業(yè)。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Sheadded:“Irememberwatchingthe‘PrideofBritainAwards’lastyear,whenmygrandadwasbetter,andIwantedtodosomethingtohelpotherfamilieswhoaregoingthroughwhatwedid.”(她補(bǔ)充說：“我記得去年看了‘英國驕傲獎(jiǎng)’，當(dāng)時(shí)我的祖父更好，我想做點(diǎn)什么來幫助其他正在經(jīng)歷我們所經(jīng)歷的家庭。)”可知，她看過一個(gè)節(jié)目“英國驕傲獎(jiǎng)”，因此而想做點(diǎn)事情幫助與她們有同樣經(jīng)歷的家庭，由此可知，是一個(gè)電視節(jié)目激勵(lì)她為所有爺爺們做些事情。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Sheplansto“havealittlebreakfromrunning”buthopestocomplete100moredayseveryyearinthefuturetokeepspreadingawarenessofprostatecancer.(她計(jì)劃“從跑步中休息一下”，但希望在未來每年多跑100天，以繼續(xù)傳播對(duì)前列腺癌的認(rèn)識(shí)。)”可知，Emily希望在未來每年跑大約100天，由此可知，她的計(jì)劃是為宣傳前列腺癌的認(rèn)識(shí)，每年跑大約1/3年。故選C項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Sheadded:“Irememberwatchingthe‘PrideofBritainAwards’lastyear,whenmygrandadwasbetter,andIwantedtodosomethingtohelpotherfamilieswhoaregoingthroughwhatwedid.”(她補(bǔ)充說：“我記得去年看了‘英國驕傲獎(jiǎng)’，當(dāng)時(shí)我的祖父更好，我想做點(diǎn)什么來幫助其他正在經(jīng)歷我們所經(jīng)歷的家庭。)”可知，她受所看節(jié)目的影響，要為那些與她們有同樣經(jīng)歷的人做些什么，由此可知，她是個(gè)有愛心的人；根據(jù)尾段中的“ParentsRickyTalmanandStaceyWilliamstoldoftheirprideinher.Rickysaid,“Itwasatoughchallengebutshe’sjustbeenawarriorandeveryoneinthefamilyissoproudofher.”(父母瑞奇·塔爾曼和斯泰西·威廉姆斯談到了他們?yōu)樗械津湴痢＠锲嬲f:“這是一個(gè)艱難的挑戰(zhàn)，但她就是一個(gè)戰(zhàn)士，家里的每個(gè)人都為她感到驕傲。”)”可知，她的家人認(rèn)為這是很具挑戰(zhàn)性的事情，而Emily是個(gè)戰(zhàn)士，所以家人為他感到自豪，由此可知，她是個(gè)意志堅(jiān)定的人。故選D項(xiàng)。CAresearchteamledbytheUniversityofG?ttingenhasshednewlightontheimportanceofplantrootsforbelowgroundlife,particularlyinthetropics(熱帶).Millionsofsmallcreaturesworkinghardinasinglehectareofsoilincludingearthworms,springtails,mites,insects,andotherarthropods(節(jié)肢動(dòng)物)arecrucialfordecompositionandsoilhealth.Foralongtime,itwasbelievedthatleaflitteristheprimaryresourcefortheseanimals.However,thisrecentstudyisthefirsttoprovideproofthatresourcesfromplantrootsdrivesoilanimalcommunitiesinthetropics.Theresearchersdividedplots(地塊)withinnaturalecosystemsandseparatedtheplotsfromaccessingplantrootswithaplasticbarrier.Theirstudyincludedrainforest,aswellasbothrubberandoilpalmplantationsinSumatra,Indonesia.Theyremovedalldeadleaves,themainresourceofdecomposeranimals,fromotherexperimentalplotstocomparethem.Theyfoundthatwithoutlivingroots,animalabundanceintherainforestplotsdecreasesby42percentandinplantationsby30percent.Bycontrast,removingthedeadleaveshasalmostnoeffectontheanimalsintheunderlyingsoil,butdecreasedthetotalanimalabundance(inthesoilanddeadleaves)by60percentinrainforestandrubberplantationsduetophysicallitterremoval.Thestudyalsorevealedthatlivingrootsareespeciallyimportantforthesmallersoilanimals,suchasmitesandspringtails.Interestingly,afteraddingartificialplasticleavesinoilpalmplantations,abundanceofsomeanimalgroups-suchasprostigmata-increased,highlightingthatimprovinghabitatstructurecanpromotesoilfoodnetworksandtheservicestheyprovide.“Thestudyprovidesnewperspectivesforthemanagementoftheresourcesprovidedbyplantlitterintropicalplantations,contributingtosoilanimalbiodiversity.Thisisimportanttodevelopsustainableagriculturallandscapesinthetropics,”saysProfessorStefanScheu,headoftheAnimalEcologyWorkingGroupattheUniversityofG?ttingen.8.Whatroledoarthropodsplayinthetropics?A.Makingsoilhealthy. B.Slowingglobalwarming.C.Feedingotheranimals. D.Providingnutritionforplants.9.Whyweredeadleavesremovedfromsomeplots?A.Tomakeroomforcrops. B.Tokeeptheplotsclean.C.Toimprovethesoilcondition. D.Tomakecomparisons.10.Whichofthefollowingmayaffecttheanimalabundanceofaplot?A.Varietyofplants. B.Rootsofplants. C.Heightofplants. D.Quantitiesofplants.11.AccordingtoStefan,whatmatterstosustainableagriculturallandscapes?A.Biodiversityofsoilanimals. B.Habitatstructureoflivingthings.C.Resourcesprovidedbyanimalwaste. D.Newperspectivesofmanagement【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)植物根系的資源驅(qū)動(dòng)了熱帶地區(qū)的土壤動(dòng)物群落，對(duì)地下的生物很重要。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Millionsofsmallcreaturesworkinghardinasinglehectareofsoilincludingearthworms,springtails,mites,insects,andotherarthropods(節(jié)肢動(dòng)物)arecrucialfordecompositionandsoilhealth.(數(shù)百萬的小生物在一公頃的土壤中辛勤工作，包括蚯蚓、彈尾蟲、螨蟲、昆蟲和其他節(jié)肢動(dòng)物，它們對(duì)土壤的分解和土壤的健康至關(guān)重要)”可知，土壤中的小生物對(duì)分解土壤和土壤健康至關(guān)重要，所以節(jié)肢動(dòng)物在熱帶地區(qū)扮演著使土壤健康的角色。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyremovedalldeadleaves,themainresourceofdecomposeranimals,fromotherexperimentalplotstocomparethem.(他們從其他試驗(yàn)田移走了所有的枯葉，以進(jìn)行比較，枯葉是分解動(dòng)物的主要來源)”可知，移除地塊中的所有枯葉是為了進(jìn)行比較。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theyfoundthatwithoutlivingroots,animalabundanceintherainforestplotsdecreasesby42percentandinplantationsby30percent.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果沒有活根，雨林地塊的動(dòng)物數(shù)量減少了42%，種植園的動(dòng)物數(shù)量減少了30%)”可知，沒有活根的地下生物在不同的地塊都有不同程度的降低，再根據(jù)“Bycontrast,removingthedeadleaveshasalmostnoeffectontheanimalsintheunderlyingsoil,butdecreasedthetotalanimalabundance(inthesoilanddeadleaves)by60percentinrainforestandrubberplantationsduetophysicallitterremoval.(相比之下，清除枯葉對(duì)下層土壤中的動(dòng)物幾乎沒有影響，但由于物理清除凋落物，雨林和橡膠園的動(dòng)物總數(shù)(土壤和枯葉)減少了60%)”可知，相比之下，去除枯葉對(duì)地下動(dòng)物幾乎沒有影響，由此可知，影響地塊動(dòng)物豐度的應(yīng)該是植物的根。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Thestudyprovidesnewperspectivesforthemanagementoftheresourcesprovidedbyplantlitterintropicalplantations,contributingtosoilanimalbiodiversity.Thisisimportanttodevelopsustainableagriculturallandscapesinthetropics(該研究為熱帶人工林凋落物資源的管理提供了新的視角，有助于改善土壤動(dòng)物的生物多樣性。這對(duì)于發(fā)展熱帶地區(qū)的可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)景觀非常重要)”可知，土壤動(dòng)物的生物多樣化對(duì)熱帶地區(qū)發(fā)展可持續(xù)性農(nóng)業(yè)景觀重要的因素，由此可知，土壤動(dòng)物的多樣化對(duì)可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)景觀很重要。故選A項(xiàng)。DAFinnishstudycoordinatedbytheCentreforPopulationHealthResearchattheUniversityofTurkushowsthataccumulatedadverse(不利的)psychosocialfactorsinchildhoodareassociatedwithworsemidlifelearningandmemory,andspecificallychild’sself-regulationandsocialadjustment.Alongwithagingpopulation,theproblemofcognitivedeficits(缺陷)isgrowing.Thus,revealingtheroleofvariousexposuresbeginningfromchildhoodisimportantinordertobringtoolsforcognitivehealthpromotion.Anadversepsychosocialenvironmentinchildhoodmayharmcognitivedevelopment,buttheassociationsforadulthoodcognitivefunctionremainobscure.Resultsfromalongitudinal(縱向的)Finnishstudyshowthatunfavorablechildhoodpsychosocialfactorsmaybelinkedtopoorerlearningandmemoryinmidlife.“Previousevidenceonadversepsychosocialfactorsandcognitiveoutcomescomesfromshort-termstudiesfocusingonsinglepsychosocialfactororadversity.Thisstudyisaprospectivelongitudinalstudyfocusingontheassociationsbetweenmultiplechildhoodpsychosocialfactorsandadulthoodcognitivefunction,”saysDoctoralResearcherAmandaNurmifromtheCentreforPopulationHealthResearchattheUniversityofTurkuandTurkuUniversityHospital.Cognitiveperformancewasmeasuredattheageof34-49.Ofover2,000participantswithcognitivefunctiondata,1,191alsohadcompletedataonchildhoodpsychosocialfactors.Socioeconomicandemotionalenvironment,parentalhealthbehaviours,stressfulevents,self-regulation,andsocialadjustmentwerequestionedinthebaseline.Theresultssuggestthataccumulationofunfavorablepsychosocialfactorsinchildhoodmayassociatewithpoorercognitivefunctioninmidlife.Specifically,poorself-regulatorybehaviorandsocialadjustmentinchildhoodareassociatedwithpoorerlearningabilityandmemoryapproximately30yearslater.“Theresultsofourstudycanbeemployedtodeveloptargetedinterventionsdirectedtowardsthosefamilieswithaccumulatednegativepsychosocialfactors.Interventionstowardspromotingabetterpsychosocialenvironmentinchildhoodmighthavecarry-overassociationsoncognitivefunctionandthusbereflectedalsoinfuturegenerationsthroughparentingattitudes,”Nurmisays.12.Whatisthepurposeofrevealingtheroleofvariousexposuresfromchildhood?A.Toprovidedataforscientificresearch. B.Torecordchildren’sgrowthenvironment.C.Tofindmeanstoimprovecognitivehealth. D.Tostresstheimportanceofsurroundings.13.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“obscure”inparagraph2?A.Obvious. B.Secure. C.Efficient. D.Unclear.14.WhatdoesAmandaNurmimainlytalkaboutinparagraph3?A.Thedisadvantagesofthepreviousstudies.B.Thenumberofparticipantsinthenewstudy.C.Thefindingsofthenewstudyandtheoldones.D.Thedifferencebetweenthenewstudyandtheoldones.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Poorfamily,hardsocialadjustment.B.Toughchildhood,memoryproblemlater.C.Withpeopleaging,cognitivedeficitsgrowing.D.Adversesurroundings,strongcharacterforming.【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，童年時(shí)期的不良心理社會(huì)因素會(huì)影響中年學(xué)習(xí)和記憶力，特別是影響兒童的自我調(diào)節(jié)和社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thus,revealingtheroleofvariousexposuresbeginningfromchildhoodisimportantinordertobringtoolsforcognitivehealthpromotion.(因此，揭示從童年開始的各種暴露的作用是重要的，以便為促進(jìn)認(rèn)知健康提供工具。)”可知，揭示來自于童年時(shí)期的各種接觸是為了給提升健康認(rèn)知提供工具，由此可知，這種做法是為了改善認(rèn)知健康的方式。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前面的“Anadversepsychosocialenvironmentinchildhoodmayharmcognitivedevelopment(兒童時(shí)期不良的社會(huì)心理環(huán)境可能會(huì)損害認(rèn)知發(fā)展)”可知，兒童時(shí)期的不利的社會(huì)心理環(huán)境可能損傷認(rèn)知發(fā)展，說明社會(huì)心理環(huán)境與認(rèn)知發(fā)展是有關(guān)系的，再結(jié)合but可知，此后的內(nèi)容與此處應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)以及所以劃線單詞所在的句子“buttheassociationsforadulthoodcognitivefunctionremainobscure.(但與成年期認(rèn)知功能的關(guān)聯(lián)仍然obscure。)”以及下文“Resultsfromalongitudinal(縱向的)Finnishstudyshowthatunfavorablechildhoodpsychosocialfactorsmaybelinkedtopoorerlearningandmemoryinmidlife.(芬蘭一項(xiàng)縱向研究的結(jié)果顯示，不利的兒童心理社會(huì)因素可能與中年學(xué)習(xí)和記憶力較差有關(guān)。)”可知，芬蘭一項(xiàng)縱向研究的結(jié)果顯示，不利的兒童心理社會(huì)因素可能與中年學(xué)習(xí)和記憶力較差有關(guān)，并沒有涉及到認(rèn)知功能，由此可推知，兒童時(shí)期不良的社會(huì)心理環(huán)境與成年認(rèn)知功能的關(guān)聯(lián)是不清楚的，由此可知，該單詞的意思是“不清楚的”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Previousevidenceonadversepsychosocialfactorsandcognitiveoutcomescomesfromshort-termstudiesfocusingonsinglepsychosocialfactororadversity.(先前關(guān)于不良社會(huì)心理因素和認(rèn)知結(jié)果的證據(jù)來自于短期研究，主要關(guān)注單一社會(huì)心理因素或逆境。)”可知，此處介紹了以前的研究關(guān)注的內(nèi)容，根據(jù)下文“Thisstudyisaprospectivelongitudinalstudyfocusingontheassociationsbetweenmultiplechildhoodpsychosocialfactorsandadulthoodcognitivefunction(本研究是一項(xiàng)前瞻性的縱向研究，旨在探討多種兒童心理社會(huì)因素與成年期認(rèn)知功能之間的關(guān)系)”可知，這是這次研究關(guān)注的內(nèi)容，由此可知，第三段AmandaNurmi主要是將現(xiàn)在的研究與過去的研究進(jìn)行了比較，尋求兩者之間的不同。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段“AFinnishstudycoordinatedbytheCentreforPopulationHealthResearchattheUniversityofTurkushowsthataccumulatedadverse(不利的)psychosocialfactorsinchildhoodareassociatedwithworsemidlifelearningandmemory,andspecificallychild’sself-regulationandsocialadjustment.(由圖爾庫大學(xué)人口健康研究中心協(xié)調(diào)的一項(xiàng)芬蘭研究表明，童年時(shí)期積累的不良心理社會(huì)因素與中年學(xué)習(xí)和記憶能力下降有關(guān)，特別是兒童的自我調(diào)節(jié)和社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力下降。)”以及下文對(duì)該研究的分析可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，兒童時(shí)期積累的不利的心理社會(huì)因素會(huì)影響中年學(xué)習(xí)和記憶力，尤其會(huì)影響兒童的自我調(diào)節(jié)和社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力，所以本文的標(biāo)題為“困難的童年，以后的記憶問題”與本文的內(nèi)容一致，且可以概括全文的主題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Everyonewantstoliveahealthierlifeandbehappy.Learninghowtolivebetterandfeelmorepositiveabouttheworldaroundyoucanhelpyouliveahappyandmeaningfullife.Thinkpositively.Thisdoesnotmeanthatyouignorethebadorunpleasantthingsinlife.Itsimplymeansthatyouapproacheverysituationinlife,bothgoodandbad,withapositiveoutlookandaproductivemindset.____16____,trytoidentifythethingsyouthinknegativelyabout,andrecognizewhy.Oryoucanevaluateyourthoughtsandfeelingsthroughouttheday.____17____.Determinewhatyouvaluemost.Everyonehasthingsthatareimportantinlife,butwhatdoyouultimatelyvalueaboveallelse?Don’tthinkaboutphysical,tangiblethings.Instead,focusonthoseinyourlifethatwillgiveyourlifeasenseofmeaningandpurpose.Managestressinyourlife.Youcannotavoidstressfulsituations,butyoucanfindwaystorelieveyourstress.Youcanuserelaxationtechniques,suchasmeditation,visualization,taichi,yoga,anddeepbreathing.____18____.Eatahealthydiet.____19____It’snotenoughtoavoidbadfoods.Youshouldalsobegettingvitaminsandnutrientsfromallofthemajorfoodgroups,andavoidingovereatingorunder-eating.Cultivateahealthylifestyle.____20____,it’simportanttoliveahealthyandactivelifestyle.Howwellyoucareforyourbodyinyourearlyandmiddleyearscangreatlyinfluenceyourhealthlaterinlife.A.FindpurposeinyourlifeB.TostartthinkingmorepositivelyC.MakeupyourmindtochangeD.InadditiontoeatingahealthydietE.TrytofindthenegativeaspectsofpositivesituationsF.WhatyoueatcanhaveahugeimpactonhowyoufeelG.Trytomaintainapositiveattitude,eveninstressfulsituations【答案】16.B17.A18.G19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是學(xué)會(huì)如何更好地生活以及積極對(duì)待周圍的世界，可以幫助人們過上幸福而有意義的生活?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)本段主題句“Thinkpositively.(積極思考。)”可知，本段講述的是積極地思考，分析此空處坐在的句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此空應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞短語或者是帶有連詞的句子，B選項(xiàng)“Tostartthinkingmorepositively(為了開始更積極地思考)”符合主題內(nèi)容，且句式結(jié)果符合條件。故選B項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】分析語篇可知，此處應(yīng)為本段的主題句，結(jié)合其它段落的主題句可知，此空處應(yīng)為祈使句，根據(jù)空后的“Determinewhatyouvaluemost.(確定您最看重什么。)”以及“Instead,focusonthoseinyourlifethatwillgiveyourlifeasenseofmeaningandpurpose.(相反，把注意力集中在那些能給你的生活帶來意義和目的的事情上。)”可知，本段主要講述的是找到生活的中重要的事情以及那些能給生活帶來以及和目的的事情上，A選項(xiàng)“Findpurposeinyourlife(找到生活目標(biāo))”講述的內(nèi)容與空后內(nèi)容吻合且為祈使句。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】分析語篇可知，此空處應(yīng)是對(duì)該段的總結(jié)，根據(jù)本段的主題句“Managestressinyourlife.(管理好生活中的壓力。)”可知，此空處講述的內(nèi)容與管理好壓力有關(guān)系，G選項(xiàng)“Trytomaintainapositiveattitude,eveninstressfulsituations(即使在有壓力的情況下，也要保持積極的態(tài)度)”內(nèi)容與主題一致，且對(duì)本段的內(nèi)容了總結(jié)。故選G項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】根據(jù)本段主題句“Eatahealthydiet.(吃健康的飲食。)”可知，此空處講述的內(nèi)容與飲食有關(guān)，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Whatyoueatcanhaveahugeimpactonhowyoufeel(你吃的東西會(huì)對(duì)你的感覺產(chǎn)生巨大的影響)”講述的是你的飲食對(duì)你的感受有很大的影響，與主題內(nèi)容吻合。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為短語或者是帶有連詞的從句，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，只有D選項(xiàng)“Inadditiontoeatingahealthydiet(除了吃健康的飲食)”符合條件，且承接了上文“Eatahealthydiet.(吃健康的飲食。)”的內(nèi)容，起到了承上啟下的作用。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。In2018,visuallyimpaired(視障)BerruMerveKulfromKocaeli,TurkeyreceivedherlawdegreefromtheUniversityofSakarya.Withouttheloving____21____ofhermother,HavvaKul,whoreadBerruMerve’slecturenotes____22____throughfouryearsoflawschool,thisachievementwouldnothavebeen____23____.Havvareadallthebooksandlecturenotes,aswellas____24____hervisuallyimpaireddaughterwithherhomework.WhenBerruMerve____25____withadegreeinlawatage22,thestaffatSakaryaUniversity____26____Havvatothestageaswell.Thiswastheuniversity’swayof____27____theirgratitudeandappreciationtoHavvaastheschoolhadnofacilitiesorresourcesforvisuallyimpairedstudents.Havvamadea(n)____28____toensurethatherdaughterwouldgraduatefromlawschool.The____29____helpofhermotherallowedthevisuallyimpairedlawstudentto_____30_____barrierstofinishingherdegree.Havvastayedbyhersideeverydayto_____31_____attendtoallherdaughter’sneeds.UponBerruMerve’sgraduation,theuniversityacknowledgedHavva’sdedicationandcommitmentby_____32_____heranhonorarylawdegree.ProfessorBilen,DeanoftheFacultyofLawofSakaryaUniversity,_____33_____Havvaformanagingtoopendoorsandcreateabetter_____34_____forherdaughter.Thereisnothingmore_____35_____thanfamilyandfriendswhoshowunconditionallovetorelativeswithdisability,includingthevisuallyimpaired.21.A.supply B.advice C.method D.support22.A.proudly B.patiently C.eagerly D.publicly23.A.apparent B.possible C.persuasive D.meaningful24.A.assisted B.loaded C.amused D.treated25.A.approached B.appeared C.returned D.graduated26.A.adapted B.forced C.invited D.assigned27.A.extending B.evaluating C.recording D.comparing28.A.deal B.effort C.change D.appointment29.A.invaluable B.formal C.distinct D.inaccurate30.A.avoid B.predict C.overcome D.tolerate31.A.occasionally B.personally C.conditionally D.mentally32.A.awarding B.selling C.lending D.booking33.A.ignored B.comforted C.praised D.promoted34.A.career B.future C.dream D.manner35.A.convenient B.familiar C.interesting D.inspiring【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.A25.D26.C27.A28.B29.A30.C31.B32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述的是在母親HavvaKul幫助下，患有視力障礙的女兒BerruMerve順利獲得了法學(xué)學(xué)位，學(xué)校為表達(dá)對(duì)母親的感激之情，授予名譽(yù)法學(xué)學(xué)位的故事。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒有她的母親哈娃·庫爾(HavvaKul)的慈愛支持，她在法學(xué)院的四年時(shí)間里耐心地閱讀貝魯·默夫的課堂筆記，她是不可能取得這一成就的。A.supply供應(yīng)；B.advice建議；C.method方法；D.support支持。根據(jù)下文中的“Havvareadallthebooksandlecturenotes,aswellas____4____hervisuallyimpaireddaughterwithherhomework.”可知，此處指的是母親對(duì)女兒的“幫助”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒有她的母親哈娃·庫爾(HavvaKul)的慈愛支持，她在法學(xué)院的四年時(shí)間里耐心地閱讀貝魯·默夫的課堂筆記，她是不可能取得這一成就的。A.proudly驕傲地；B.patiently耐心地；C.eagerly渴望地；D.publicly公開地。結(jié)合語境可知，她的女兒有視力障礙，所以此處應(yīng)是“耐心地”給她讀課堂筆記。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果沒有她的母親哈娃·庫爾(HavvaKul)的慈愛支持，她在法學(xué)院的四年時(shí)間里耐心地閱讀貝魯·默夫的課堂筆記，她是不可能取得這一成就的。A.apparent明顯的；B.possible可能的；C.persuasive有說服力的；D.meaningful有意義的。根據(jù)下文中的“astheschoolhadnofacilitiesorresourcesforvisuallyimpairedstudents.”可知，大學(xué)沒有給視力損傷的學(xué)生提供便利，要是沒有母親的幫助，畢業(yè)是不“可能的”符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：哈娃閱讀了所有的書籍和課堂筆記，并幫助她視力受損的女兒完成家庭作業(yè)。A.assisted援助；B.loaded裝載；C.amused使愉快；D.treated對(duì)待。根據(jù)上文中的“Havvareadallthebooksandlecturenotes”以及aswellas可知，此處指的是“幫助”符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)22歲的BerruMerve獲得法律學(xué)位時(shí)，Sakarya大學(xué)的工作人員也邀請(qǐng)Havva上臺(tái)。A.approached接近；B.appeared出現(xiàn)；C.returned回歸；D.graduated畢業(yè)。根據(jù)下文中的“Havvamadea(n)____8____toensurethatherdaughterwouldgraduatefromlawschool.”可知，此處指的是在女兒獲得學(xué)位“畢業(yè)”的時(shí)候。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)22歲的BerruMerve獲得法律學(xué)位時(shí)，Sakarya大學(xué)的工作人員也邀請(qǐng)Havva上臺(tái)。A.adapted適應(yīng)，改編；B.forced強(qiáng)迫；C.invited邀請(qǐng)；D.assigned分配。根據(jù)下文中的“Thiswastheuniversity’swayof____7____theirgratitudeandappreciationtoHavva”可知，此處指的是“邀請(qǐng)”母親Havva上臺(tái)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是學(xué)校對(duì)Havva表達(dá)感謝和感激的方式，因?yàn)閷W(xué)校沒有為視障學(xué)生提供設(shè)施和資源。A.extending延伸，提供；B.evaluating評(píng)估；C.recording記錄；D.comparing比較。根據(jù)下文中的“theirgratitudeandappreciationtoHavva”以及語境可知，此處指的是學(xué)校為“提供”感謝和感激之情，“extend…to…”意為“向……提供……”符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：哈娃努力確保她的女兒能從法學(xué)院畢業(yè)。A.deal交易；B.effort努力；C.change改變；D.appointment約會(huì)。根據(jù)下文中的“toensurethatherdaughterwouldgraduatefromlawschool”以及語境可知，母親應(yīng)該是“努力”確保自己的女兒從法學(xué)院畢業(yè)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她母親的寶貴幫助使這位視力