【高二上期末】遼寧省丹東市2020-2021學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

21/212020—2021學(xué)年度(上)期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)高二英語(yǔ)本試卷分三部分，卷面分?jǐn)?shù)120分，總分150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)100分鐘。第一部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AForthosewho’vealwayswantedtowalkthehallsofHogwartsorexploretheshopsofDiagonAlley(對(duì)角巷)，UniversalOrlandooffersthenextbestthing.ThethemeparkopenedeveryHarryPotterfan’sdreamplacebackin2010.ForPotterheadseverywhere,however,decidingwhentomakethetriptotheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterisnoteasy.ThesetipswillhelpyouexperiencethebestoftheWizardingWorld,whetheryou’relookingtosavemoney,avoidthebusyseason,orsimplyexperiencethemostmagicaltimesoftheyear.ThecheapesttimestovisitHarryPotter’sworldThecheapest(andleastbusy)monthstovisittheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterareJanuaryandmostofFebruary,exceptthedayssurroundingtheNewYearandwinterbreak.OtherinexpensivetimesincludethebeginningofMarchandmostofSeptemberandOctober.ThebestHarryPottereventsatUniversalWhiletheymaynotbethequietesttimestoexploreHarryPotter’sworld,Universalholdsmanyeventsthroughouttheyearthatfanswon’twanttomiss.ACelebrationofHarryPotterForaweekendeveryJanuary,UniversalhostsACelebrationofHarryPotter.Guests(wearingtheirclassrobes,nodoubt)willjoinotherdiehardPotterfansforthreedaysofexhibits,discussionsandcastQ&Aactivities.Foranyonewhoreallylovesthebooksandthefilms,thismaybeoneofthebesttimesoftheyeartovisit.ChristmasintheWizardingWorldUniversal’snewadditionstotheirholidayentertainmentlineupmakeHogwartstheperfectplacetobearoundChristmastime.DecorationsaddbeautytotheshopsofDiagonAlleyandHogsmeade,theFrogChoirsingsChristmascarols(頌歌)，andsnowfallsonHogwartsasafestiveshowtakesplaceinfrontofthecastle.HalloweenintheWizardingWorldLastly(andperhapsmostsurprisingly),HalloweenseasonisalsoagoodtimeforamagicalvisittotheWizardingWorld.Universal’smainHalloweenevent,HalloweenHorrorNights,producesaspecialHarryPotter-relatedsurprise.1.WhichtimescostsmosttovisitHarryPotter’sworld?A.JanuaryandmostofFebruary.B.NewYearandwinterbreak.C.ThebeginningofMarch.D.MostofSeptemberandOctober.2.WhatwillpeopledointheeventofACelebrationofHarryPotter?A.TheywilljoinotherPotterfansforvariousactivities.B.TheywilldecoratetheshopsandsingChristmascarols.C.Theywillwatchafestiveshowtakingplaceinfrontofthecastle.D.TheywillgetaspecialHarryPotter-relatedsurprise.3.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.ToinformreadersofsomeeventsaboutHarryPotter.B.TointroducetheUniversalOrlandotoreaders.C.TohelpexperiencethebestofWizardingWorld.D.ToadvertisethebooksandfilmsofHarryPotter.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要向哈利波特的粉絲們介紹哈利波特魔法世界的主題公園，并給出游客一些游玩的建議?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thecheapest(andleastbusy)monthstovisittheWizardingWorldofHarryPotterareJanuaryandmostofFebruary,exceptthedayssurroundingtheNewYearandwinterbreak.”（參觀哈利波特魔法世界最不忙/最便宜的月份是除了新年左右和寒假的一月和二月的大多數(shù)時(shí)候）可知寒假和新年左右是最忙/最貴的時(shí)候。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Guests(wearingtheirclassrobes,nodoubt)willjoinotherdiehardPotterfansforthreedaysofexhibits,discussionsandcastQ&Aactivities.”（游客，無(wú)疑穿著各階級(jí)的長(zhǎng)袍，將要加入其他哈利波特的忠實(shí)粉絲，與他們一起參加看展，討論，扮演，問(wèn)答等活動(dòng)）可知，游客與哈利波特粉絲一起參加給種各樣的活動(dòng)，故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ThesetipswillhelpyouexperiencethebestoftheWizardingWorld”（這些小建議會(huì)幫助你體驗(yàn)世界上最好的魔法世界）可知，本文的主要目的是讓游客在哈利波特主題公園有最好的體驗(yàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。BKatherineJohnsonwhoselifewasdescribedinthemovieHiddenFiguresdiedonFebruary24,2020,aged101.The2016moviedescribesarealstoryofsomefemaleAfrican-AmericanmathematicianswhojoinedtheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)andledamissiontoputthefirstmanonthemooninthe1950swhenracialdiscriminationwaswidespread.“NASAisdeeplysaddenedbythelossofaleaderfromourpioneeringdays,”saidNASAadministratorJimBridenstineonthewebpageofNASA.“Ms.Johnsonhelpedournationenlargethefrontiers(邊界)ofspaceandshealsoplayedanimportantroleinopeningdoorsforwomenandpeopleofcolortoexplorespace.AtNASAwewillneverforgethercourageandleadershipandtheachievementswecouldnothavereachedwithouther.”JohnsonwasborninWestVirginiain1918.ShegraduatedfromWestVirginiaStateUniversitywithamajorinmathematicsandbecameateacheratapublicschool.ShewasalsothefirstAfrican-AmericanwomantoattendgraduateschoolinmathematicsatWestVirginiaUniversityuntilsheleftschooltofocusonraisingchildren.Herlifechangedin1952afteralongcareerbreak.Arelativetoldheraboutopenpositionsattheall-blackWestAreaComputingsectionattheNationalAdvisoryCommitteeforAeronautics’sLangleylaboratory,andshebegantoworkatLangleythenextyear.NASAdependedonhumansforcomplicatedaerospace(航空)calculationastherewasnohigh-functioningelectroniccomputer.Femalemathematiciansusuallytookthejobastheirsalarywaslower.JohnsonwasoneofthoseAfrican-Americanhumancomputers.JohnsonwasinitiallyinchargeofaerospaceanalysisandassignedtoaspacedevelopmentmissionwhenNASAwaslaunchedin1958.Thensheworkedforthe1961suborbital(亞軌道的)flightofastronautAlanShepardandthe1962orbitalflightofJohnGlenn.Johnsoncontinuedtoparticipateinmissionsaftersheretiredin1986.HerhiddenachievementswerefinallypublicizedwhenformerU.S.PresidentBarackObamagrantedherthePresidentialMedalofFreedomin2015andherdramaticlifewasmadeintoamovie.4.WhatdidBridenstine’swordsinthesecondparagraphmainlywanttotellus?A.ToshowNASA’sappreciationforJohnson’sleadership.B.ToexpressallAmericans’regretoverJohnson’sdeath.C.ToshowJohnson’scontributionstospaceexploration.D.ToemphasizeNASA’sachievementsinspaceexploration.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Johnsonusedtoworkinaprivateschool.B.Johnsonworkedfortheaerospaceindustryforatleast33years.C.JohnsonstarredinthemovieHiddenFigures.D.JohnsonwasthefirstwomantoattendgraduateschoolintheU.S.6.WhydidNASAdependonhumansforcomplexaerospacecalculation?A.Itwascheapertohirehumans.B.Thecomputersatthattimeweren’tadvancedenough.C.Itcouldn’taffordtobuyelectroniccomputers.D.Intermsofcalculation,humansweremoreaccuratethancomputers.7.Whatistheauthor’sintentioninwritingthispassage?A.TopromoteHiddenFigures.B.Tohighlightthegreatnessofwomen.C.TohonorthegreatmathematicianKatherineJohnson.D.TotellreadersaboutJohnson’slifetimeachievements.【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述2020年2月24號(hào)美國(guó)登月的幕后功臣約翰遜夫人去世，享年101歲，并講述了約翰遜夫人對(duì)美國(guó)登月的貢獻(xiàn)以及她的傳奇經(jīng)歷?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Ms.Johnsonhelpedournationenlargethefrontiers(邊界)ofspaceandshealsoplayedanimportantroleinopeningdoorsforwomenandpeopleofcolortoexplorespace.AtNASAwewillneverforgethercourageandleadershipandtheachievementswecouldnothavereachedwithouther.（約翰遜夫人幫助了我們的國(guó)家擴(kuò)大了太空領(lǐng)域的邊界。她在為女性和不同膚色的人種探索太空打開(kāi)了大門方面起著重要的作用。在航天局，我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記她的勇氣和指導(dǎo)，還有那些沒(méi)有她我們不會(huì)取得的成就。）”可知，第二段主要講述約翰遜夫人在太空探索方面做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“ShegraduatedfromWestVirginiaStateUniversitywithamajorinmathematicsandbecameateacheratapublicschool.（她畢業(yè)于西弗吉尼亞州立大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)系，畢業(yè)后在一所公立學(xué)校教書。）”可知，她是在公立學(xué)校而不是私立學(xué)校教書，故A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第四段第一句“Herlifechangedin1952afteralongcareerbreak.（在長(zhǎng)期職業(yè)生涯中斷后，她的人生在1952年發(fā)生了變化。）”以及“shebegantoworkatLangleythenextyear.（她第二年開(kāi)始在Langley工作。）”和“Johnsoncontinuedtoparticipateinmissionsaftersheretiredin1986.（約翰遜在1986年退休后繼續(xù)參加任務(wù)。）”可知，她1953年開(kāi)始做航天工作，1986年退休，工作了至少33年。故B選項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第一段第一句“KatherineJohnsonwhoselifewasdescribedinthemovieHiddenFiguresdiedonFebruary24,2020,aged101.（約翰遜夫人在2020年2月24號(hào)去世，享年101歲，HiddenFigures這部電影里描述了她的人生。）”可知，電影里講述了她的人生故事，而不是她主演了這部電影，故C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段最后一句“ShewasalsothefirstAfrican-AmericanwomantoattendgraduateschoolinmathematicsatWestVirginiaUniversityuntilsheleftschooltofocusonraisingchildren.（她是第一個(gè)西弗吉尼亞州立大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)系的非裔美國(guó)籍研究生直到她離開(kāi)學(xué)校專注于撫養(yǎng)孩子。）”可知，不是美國(guó)的第一位讀研的人，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“NASAdependedonhumansforcomplicatedaerospace(航空)calculationastherewasnohigh-functioningelectroniccomputer.（美國(guó)航天局依靠人來(lái)做復(fù)雜的航空數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候沒(méi)有高性能的電子計(jì)算機(jī)。）”可知美國(guó)航天局依靠人來(lái)做復(fù)雜的航空數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算主要是因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候的計(jì)算機(jī)還不夠先進(jìn)。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“KatherineJohnsonwhoselifewasdescribedinthemovieHiddenFiguresdiedonFebruary24,2020,aged101.The2016moviedescribesarealstoryofsomefemaleAfrican-AmericanmathematicianswhojoinedtheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)andledamissiontoputthefirstmanonthemooninthe1950swhenracialdiscriminationwaswidespread.（約翰遜夫人在2020年2月24號(hào)去世，享年101歲，HiddenFigures這部電影里描述了她的人生。這部2016年的電影描述了一位非裔美國(guó)籍女?dāng)?shù)學(xué)家的真實(shí)故事，她加入了美國(guó)航天局并且在20世紀(jì)50年代種族歧視很普遍的情況下領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了把第一個(gè)人類送上月球的任務(wù)。）”可知約翰遜夫人去世，作者通過(guò)這篇文章緬懷她。故選C。CDespitenotbeingdocumentedbyresearcherssince1968,thesengi(象鼩),atinybig-eyedmousewithalongtailandatrunk-likenosethat’snativetoSomaliainAfrica,wasrediscoveredlivinginwell-preservedhabitatinneighboringDjiboutithisyear,andinquitehealthynumbers.Anexplorationbeginningin2019lookedtouselocalknowledgeaboutthesengifromthepeopleofDjiboutiwhosaiditwasstillthere.Sureenough,ittookonlyonetrapfilledwithcoconut,peanutbutterandyeasttofindthelittleguy."Itwassurprising,"saidStevenHeritage,aresearchscientistatDukeUniversityintheUS."Whenweopenedthefirsttrapandsawthelittletuftofhaironthetipofitstail,wejustlookedatoneanotherandcouldn’tbelieveit.Anumberofsmallmammal(哺乳動(dòng)物)surveyssincethe1970sdidnotfindtheSomalisengiinDjibouti—itwasindeedaserendipitousdiscovery."Oneoftheleastunderstoodmembersofthe20speciesElephantulus(象鼩屬),thesengilivesinhabitatsthatareunsuitableformosthumanactivities,allowingittoremainrelativelyundisturbedandsafe."Usuallywhenwerediscoverlostspecies,wefindjustoneortwoindividualsandhavetoactquicklytotrytopreventtheirextinction,"saidRobinMoore,oftheGlobalWildlifeConservation(GWC)group.Theteamset1,000trapsandcaught12ofthelittlesengiswhilemakingthefirstvideoandphotographicdocumentationoftheanimalforscience.Alongwithrediscoveringthespecies,theteamgatheredDNAsampleswhichlatershowedtheSomalisengitobemorecloselyrelatedtosengisinothercornersofAfricalikeMoroccoandSouthAfrica.ThisfindinghassuggestedthattheSomalisengineedstobeplacedinanewgenus—movingfromElephantulustoGalegeeska.Likeallgreatdiscoveriesinscience,thequestionsansweredareonlyequaltothenewmysteriespresented,buttheresearchers’workhashighlightedDjiboutiasabiodiverse(具有生物多樣性的)nationworthyofscientificstudy.Withanyluck,perhapsmorediscoveriesarewaitingtobemadeamongitsdesertandsaltlakes.8.WhatmadethefindingoftheSomalisengispecial?A.ItwasrediscoveredbySomalis.B.Itlookedsurprisinglydifferent.C.ItreappearedinAfricaafter52years.D.Ithadbecomesmartenoughtoavoidbeingtrapped.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“serendipitous”inParagraph3mean?A.Unrealistic. B.Scientific. C.Unreported. D.Accidental.10.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?A.HowtheSomalisengimanagestosurvive.B.WhytheSomalisengicanlivepeacefully.C.HowhumanactivitiesaffecttheSomalisengi.D.WhatenvironmenttheSomalisengishouldlivein.11HowdidtheteamknowtherelationshipsbetweentheSomalisengiandothersengis?A.BydoingDNAtestsforthem.B.Bystudyingtheirlivinghabits.C.Bycomparingtheirappearances.D.Bystudyingdocumentsaboutthem.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了新發(fā)現(xiàn)的物種——象鼩，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中句子“Despitenotbeingdocumentedbyresearcherssince1968,thesengi(象鼩),atinybig-eyedmousewithalongtailandatrunk-likenosethat’snativetoSomaliainAfrica,wasrediscoveredlivinginwell-preservedhabitatinneighboringDjiboutithisyear,andinquitehealthynumbers.”（盡管研究人員自1968年以來(lái)就沒(méi)有記錄過(guò)象鼩，一種生活在非洲索馬里的小大眼睛老鼠，長(zhǎng)著長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的尾巴和像鼻子一樣的鼻子，今年在鄰近的吉布提被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)生活在保存良好的棲息地，而且數(shù)量相當(dāng)健康。）可知，象鼩今年在索馬里被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了，即過(guò)了52年后再次重現(xiàn)，這是這次發(fā)現(xiàn)特殊之處。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Itwassurprising.”（重新發(fā)現(xiàn)這一物種令人十分驚訝。）和“Anumberofsmallmammal(哺乳動(dòng)物)surveyssincethe1970sdidnotfindtheSomalisengiinDjibouti（自20世紀(jì)70年代起，大量小型哺乳動(dòng)物的研究都沒(méi)有在吉布提發(fā)現(xiàn)索馬里象鼩）”可知，研究者對(duì)于重新發(fā)現(xiàn)象鼩很是驚訝，由此猜測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)象鼩其實(shí)是一件很偶然的事情，即劃線詞意為“意外的”，與accidental同義。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段句子“Oneoftheleastunderstoodmembersofthe20speciesElephantulus(象鼩屬),thesengilivesinhabitatsthatareunsuitableformosthumanactivities,allowingittoremainrelativelyundisturbedandsafe.”（象鼩作為最不了解的20種象鼩屬之一，他們生活在人類最不適宜生存的地方，這就使得它們相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)不被打擾和相對(duì)安全。）可知，該段主要講述為什么象鼩能夠和平的生存下來(lái)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段第二句“...theteamgatheredDNAsampleswhichlatershowedtheSomalisengitobemorecloselyrelatedtosengisinothercornersofAfricalikeMoroccoandSouthAfrica.”（研究小組收集的DNA樣本后來(lái)表明，索馬里象鼩與非洲其他角落，如摩洛哥和南非的象鼩的親緣關(guān)系更近。）可知，研究小組是通過(guò)DNA測(cè)試展示了索馬里象鼩與非洲其他角落的象鼩是有關(guān)系的。故選A項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】DDietershavelongswornthatgrapefruithelpsthemloseweight.TheGrapefruitDiet,alsocalledtheHollywoodDiet,datesbacktothe1930sandhasahostofcelebrityfansincludingsingerKylieMinogue.Itinvolveshavinggrapefruitorgrapefruitjuicewitheverymealwhilecuttingbackoncalories.Now,scientistsarebeginningtobelievethem.Astudyhasfoundthatdrinkinggrapefruitjuicewheneatingfattyfoodlowerstheamountofweightputonbyuptoafifth.Theresearchalsosuggestedthatgrapefruitcouldbeasgoodasprescriptiondrugsatkeepingbloodsugarlevelsundercontrol—akeypartofmanagingdiabetes.Theexperimentswereconductedonmice—butresearcherssaytheresultsaretrueforhumans.ProfessorJosephNapoli,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,said,“Weseeallsortsoftricksaboutnutrition.Buttheseresults,basedoncontrolledexperiments,makeitnecessarytostudythepotentialhealth-promotingpropertiesofgrapefruitjuicefurther.”Theresearchersfoundthatwhenthemicewerefedfattyfoodforthreemonths,thosegivengrapefruitjuicetodrinkgainedupto18percentlessweightthanthosegivenwater.Theyalsohadlowerbloodsugarandinsulinlevels—despiteeatingthesamenumberofcaloriesanddoingthesameamountofexerciseasthemicewhodrankwater.Infact,grapefruitjuicewasasgoodatcontrollinginsulinasthewidelyuseddiabetesdrugs,thejournalPLOSONEreports.However,thefruitjuiceonlyhadaneffectonweightwhentheanimalsatefattyfood.Theresearcherssaidtheydidnotknowhowgrapefruitstopsthepoundsfrompilingon.SpokesmanMarietteAbrahams,adietician,saiduntilthenitistooearlyforpeopletotrygrapefruitdiets.“Grapefruitshouldbepartofahealthybalanceddiet,butitshouldn’tbethefocusofthediet.”shesaid.12.WhatcanbeknownabouttheHollywoodDiet?A.It’stheoriginoftheGrapefruitDiet.B.Itwasmorepopularinthe1930sthananytime.C.Itmayappealtofatpeople.D.Scientistsmaythinkitisnonsense.13.Whatdidtheexperimentsonmiceshow?A.Theyshouldhavebeenconductedonhumans.B.Theresultsapplytohumanstoo.C.Grapefruitcouldcurediabetes.D.Miceprefergrapefruitjuicetowater.14.Inwhichcasewillgrapefruitjuicemakeadifferencetoweightloss?A.Themicewithhighbloodsugar.B.Themicedoingalotofexercise.C.Themiceonafattydiet.D.Themicetakingprescriptiondrugs.15.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.NutritionofGrapefruitB.ExperimentonGrapefruitC.GrapefruitMakesaHitD.GrapefruitHelpsKeepFit【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)對(duì)研究結(jié)果的介紹，說(shuō)明葡萄柚具有減肥功效?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Dietershavelongswornthatgrapefruithelpsthemloseweight.TheGrapefruitDiet,alsocalledtheHollywoodDiet,datesbacktothe1930sandhasahostofcelebrityfansincludingsingerKylieMinogue.”（節(jié)食者早就發(fā)誓說(shuō)葡萄柚有助于他們減肥。葡萄柚飲食法，也被稱為好萊塢飲食法，可以追溯到20世紀(jì)30年代，擁有包括歌手KylieMinogue在內(nèi)的眾多明星粉絲。）可知，HollywoodDiet是幫助人們減肥的方法，所以可推斷它能吸引肥胖的人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Theexperimentswereconductedonmice—butresearcherssaytheresultsaretrueforhumans”（這些實(shí)驗(yàn)是在老鼠身上進(jìn)行，但研究人員說(shuō)，這一結(jié)果對(duì)人類也適用。）可知，在老鼠身上做的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果也適用于人類。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Theresearchersfoundthatwhenthemicewerefedfattyfoodforthreemonths,thosegivengrapefruitjuicetodrinkgainedupto18percentlessweightthanthosegivenwater.”（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，給老鼠喂食高脂肪食物三個(gè)月后，給它們喝葡萄柚汁的老鼠比給它們喝水的老鼠體重減輕了18%。）可知，葡萄柚汁對(duì)減肥產(chǎn)生效果是以攝入高脂肪的老鼠為實(shí)例的。故選C項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Dietershavelongswornthatgrapefruithelpsthemloseweight.”(節(jié)食者早就發(fā)誓說(shuō)葡萄柚有助于他們減肥。)和第二段“Now,scientistsarebeginningtobelievethem.”（現(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們開(kāi)始相信它們了。）根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchalsosuggestedthatgrapefruitcouldbeasgoodasprescriptiondrugsatkeepingbloodsugarlevelsundercontrol—akeypartofmanagingdiabetes.”該研究還指出，在維持血糖處于正常水平方面，葡萄柚可與處方藥媲美，而這正是控制糖尿病病發(fā)的關(guān)鍵。以及后文介紹的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知，文章主題是通過(guò)介紹研究結(jié)果，說(shuō)明葡萄柚具有減肥功效。選項(xiàng)D“葡萄柚有助保持健康”，符合文章主題，簡(jiǎn)明扼要，適合做標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Recyclingreferstotheprocessofcollectingusedmaterialswhichareusuallyconsideredas‘waste’andreprocessingthem.Someofthemostcommonitemsthatarerecycledareplastic,glass,paper,batteries,etc.Recyclingisgoodforus,formanufacturers(制造商)andforourenvironment.____16____Herearesomegoodreasonswhyeveryoneshouldrecycle.Oneofthebiggestreasonsisthatrecyclingreducesthepressureonourenvironment.Byusingwasteproductsinameaningfulway,wecanslowlydecreasethesizeofourlandfills.Asthepopulationgrows,itwillbecomedifficultforthelandfillstoholdsomuchtrash.Whenthishappens,ourcitieswillfacepollution,poisoningandmanyhealthproblems.___17___Weknowthatrecyclinginvolvestheprocessingandusageofcoreelementsofoldproductsfortheproductionofnewproducts.___18___Forexample,onceanoldnewspaperisrecycled,wedonotneedtousetheresourceofanothertreetoproducenewpaperproducts.Thisway,properrecyclingcanhelpuspreserveournaturalresources.___19___Reusingoldthingscostslessthanbuyingnewones.InmoststatesinAmerica,it’sactuallymorecostlytogetridofwastethantorecycle.Somerecyclingcompaniesbuywastesfromneighborhoodsfortheirrecyclingactivities.Thisbringsyouextramoney.Everyonecanmakeadifference.Ifyouthinkthatitmakesnodifferencewhetheryourecycleornot,thinkagain!Morethanhalfofthewastethateachofuscreateseachyearcanberecycled,butalotofitendsupbeingburied.___20___Afterall,manyhandsmakelightwork.A.Recyclingisgoodforyourwallet.B.Thishelpsinsavingournaturalresources.C.Itstopshumansfromdamagingtheenvironment.DRecyclinghelpstogetridofoldthingsandwaste.E.However,noteveryoneknowshowimportantitistorecycle.F.Wheneachofustakesaction,italladdsupandmakesarealdifference.G.Recyclinghelpstokeepthepollutionundercontrolanddecreaseitlittlebylittle.【答案】16.E17.G18.B19.A20.F【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了回收利用的重要性，闡述了回收利用對(duì)環(huán)境，對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的好處，并號(hào)召每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng)?！?6題詳解】上文“Recyclingisgoodforus,formanufacturers(制造商)andforourenvironment.(回收利用對(duì)我們，對(duì)制造商和我們的環(huán)境都有好處)”說(shuō)明回收利用有好處，選項(xiàng)E“然而，不是每個(gè)人都知道回收利用的重要性?！背薪由衔?，轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)義，說(shuō)明回收利用的好處（即重要性）不是每個(gè)人都知道，引出下文“Herearesomegoodreasonswhyeveryoneshouldrecycle.(以下是為什么每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該回收利用的一些好理由)”介紹為什么每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該回收利用。選項(xiàng)中torecycle和上文中Recycling以及下文recycle語(yǔ)義一致，選項(xiàng)中important和上文good語(yǔ)義相關(guān)。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Whenthishappens,ourcitieswillfacepollution,poisoningandmanyhealthproblems.(當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，我們的城市將面臨污染、中毒和許多健康問(wèn)題)”說(shuō)明我們的城市面臨著污染等問(wèn)題，選項(xiàng)G“循環(huán)利用有助于控制污染，一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地減少污染”承接上文，說(shuō)明循環(huán)利用可以幫助解決污染問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)中pollution和上文pollution語(yǔ)義一致。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】后文“Forexample,onceanoldnewspaperisrecycled,wedonotneedtousetheresourceofanothertreetoproducenewpaperproducts.Thisway,properrecyclingcanhelpuspreserveournaturalresources.(例如，一份舊報(bào)紙被回收后，我們不需要使用另一棵樹的資源來(lái)生產(chǎn)新的紙制品。通過(guò)這種方式，適當(dāng)?shù)幕厥湛梢詭椭覀儽Ｗo(hù)我們的自然資源)”舉例說(shuō)明通過(guò)回收利用我們可以保護(hù)我們的自然資源，選項(xiàng)B“這有助于節(jié)約我們的自然資源?！闭窍挛呐e例說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)中helpsinsavingournaturalresources和下文helpuspreserveournaturalresources語(yǔ)義一致。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】下文“Reusingoldthingscostslessthanbuyingnewones.InmoststatesinAmerica,it’sactuallymorecostlytogetridofwastethantorecycle.Somerecyclingcompaniesbuywastesfromneighborhoodsfortheirrecyclingactivities.Thisbringsyouextramoney.(再利用舊東西的成本比購(gòu)買新東西要低。在美國(guó)的大多數(shù)州，處理垃圾實(shí)際上比回收垃圾更加昂貴。一些回收公司從社區(qū)購(gòu)買廢物用于他們的回收活動(dòng)。這會(huì)給你帶來(lái)額外的收入)”可知，回收再利用能夠節(jié)約成本，會(huì)給你帶來(lái)額外的收入，選項(xiàng)A“回收利用有利于你的錢袋子?！蔽挥诙问?，點(diǎn)明本段主題，說(shuō)明回收利用能省錢。選項(xiàng)中wallet和下文money等語(yǔ)義相關(guān)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】段落首句“Everyonecanmakeadifference.(每個(gè)人都可以有所作為)”點(diǎn)明本段主題，上句“Morethanhalfofthewastethateachofuscreateseachyearcanberecycled,butalotofitendsupbeingburied.(我們每個(gè)人每年產(chǎn)生的廢物中，有一半以上是可以回收利用的，但其中很多最終都被掩埋了)”說(shuō)明每個(gè)人產(chǎn)生的廢物中有一半是可以回收利用的，選項(xiàng)F“當(dāng)我們每個(gè)人都采取行動(dòng)的時(shí)候，所有這些加起來(lái)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生真正的效果?！狈媳径沃黝}，說(shuō)明每個(gè)人都行動(dòng)起來(lái)，就會(huì)有真正的效果。選項(xiàng)中eachofus和段落首句中Everyone以及上句中eachofus語(yǔ)義一致。故選F項(xiàng)。第二部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Doyouhavecontinuousfeelingsofhopelessnessoremptiness?___21___ofinterestorpleasureinnormalactivities?Insomnia(失眠)oroversleeping?Ifyouorpeoplearoundyouareexperiencingthesechallenges,don’t___22___toseekhelpastheseare___23___symptomsofdepression.WangYang,afreelancer(自由職業(yè)者),has___24___herlittlecousinundergotheseemotionalandbehavioralchanges.Hercousin,only13,waslaterdiagnosedwithdepression.Beforethat,hercousinwasveryoutgoingand___25___aboutsports.Thefamilywonderswhatcouldhave___26___suchadramaticchange.Therearemanyreasonsthatateenagermightbecomedepressed,suchaspoorschool___27___,intensecompetitionwithpeersor___28___familylife.InZhouYongsheng’sview,apsychologicaltherapist(治療專家),parents’overcontrolandexcessivecriticismovertheirchildrencouldcauseaheavymentaldamageandleadtolowself-esteem(自尊)andalackof___29___.Inthelongterm,thismaysetoffabiggerproblem:depression.Healsopointsoutthatacademicstressisanotherworseningfactor,_____30_____forSenior3studentswhoarebusypreparingforthegaokao.Toimprovethepreventionand_____31_____ofdepression,theNationalHealthCommission_____32_____aplanonSept11.Itaskshighschoolsandcollegestoincludescreening(篩查)fordepressionintheirstudents’physicalcheckupsandevaluatetheirpsychologicalhealth._____33_____thegovernment’sefforts,familiesandteenagersneedtobeactive.Ifparentsareconcernedabouttheirchild’sdepression,Zhou_____34_____seeingadoctorortherapistandpossiblytakingmedication.Fortunately,thingsgot_____35_____forWang’scousinafterhewasconvincedtoreceivemedicaltreatment.“Hetalkswithusandsleepswellnow,”shesaid.“Ihopehewillgetridofdepressiononeday.”21.A.Discovery B.Combination C.Loss D.Complaint22.A.remember B.hesitate C.fail D.intend23.A.official B.ordinary C.typical D.sensitive24.A.witnessed B.created C.solved D.understood25A.anxious B.careful C.nervous D.enthusiastic26.A.ledto B.addedto C.turnedto D.adjustedto27.A.experiment B.performance C.composition D.progress28.A.positive B.healthy C.negative D.wealthy29.A.resource B.disappointment C.happiness D.confidence30.A.extremely B.especially C.merely D.nearly31.A.treatment B.development C.operation D.pain32.A.published B.ordered C.announced D.cancelled33.A.Regardlessof B.Asfaras C.Onbehalfof D.Asidefrom34.A.continues B.recommends C.permits D.learns35.A.worse B.harder C.easier D.better【答案】21.C22.B23.C24.A25.D26.A27.B28.C29.D30.B31.A32.C33.D34.B35.D【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了青少年抑郁的原因及所采取的措施?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：失去對(duì)正?；顒?dòng)興趣或樂(lè)趣？A.Discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.Combination結(jié)合；C.Loss損失；D.Complaint抱怨。根據(jù)“Doyouhavecontinuousfeelingsofhopelessnessoremptiness?”可知，抑郁癥的表現(xiàn)之一是失去對(duì)正?；顒?dòng)的興趣或樂(lè)趣。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你或你周圍的人正在經(jīng)歷這些挑戰(zhàn)，不要猶豫尋求幫助，因?yàn)檫@是抑郁癥的典型癥狀。A.remember記得；B.hesitate猶豫；C.fail失??；D.intend打算。根據(jù)“Ifyouorpeoplearoundyouareexperiencingthesechallenges,”可知，如果有人有以上的經(jīng)歷，不要猶豫去尋求幫助。hesitatetodosth.“猶豫做某事”。故選B。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你或你周圍的人正在經(jīng)歷這些挑戰(zhàn)，不要猶豫尋求幫助，因?yàn)檫@是抑郁癥的典型癥狀。A.official官方的；B.ordinary普通的；C.typical典型的；D.sensitive靈敏的。根據(jù)“Doyouhavecontinuousfeelingsofhopelessnessoremptiness?___1___ofinterestorpleasureinnormalactivities?Insomnia(失眠)oroversleeping?”可知，這些是抑郁癥的典型癥狀。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：自由職業(yè)者王洋目睹了她的小表弟經(jīng)歷的這些情緒和行為上的變化。A.witnessed目睹；B.created創(chuàng)造；C.solved解決；D.understood理解。根據(jù)“herlittlecousinundergotheseemotionalandbehavioralchanges.”可知，王洋目睹了她的小表弟從正常到抑郁的變化。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在那之前，她的表弟非常外向，對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)很有熱情。A.anxious焦急的；B.careful仔細(xì)的；C.nervous緊張的；D.enthusiastic熱心的。根據(jù)“hercousinwasveryoutgoing

”可知，她的表弟外向且對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)很有熱情。beenthusiasticabout“對(duì)……熱心”。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這家人想知道是什么導(dǎo)致了如此戲劇性的變化。A.ledto導(dǎo)致；B.addedto增加；C.turnedto求助；D.adjustedto適應(yīng)。根據(jù)“Hercousin,only13,waslaterdiagnosedwithdepression.Beforethat,hercousinwasveryoutgoingand___5___aboutsports.”可知，家人想知道孩子導(dǎo)致抑郁的原因。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：青少年抑郁的原因有很多，比如學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不好，與同齡人的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或負(fù)面的家庭生活。A.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；B.performance表現(xiàn)；成績(jī)；C.composition成分；D.progress進(jìn)步。根據(jù)“intensecompetitionwithpeers”可知，學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不好是青少年抑郁的原因之一。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：青少年抑郁的原因有很多，比如學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不好，與同齡人的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或負(fù)面的家庭生活。A.positive積極的；B.healthy健康的；C.negative消極的；負(fù)面的；D.wealthy富有的。根據(jù)“Therearemanyreasonsthatateenagermightbecomedepressed,”可知，負(fù)面的家庭生活也青少年抑郁的原因之一。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在心理治療師周永生看來(lái)，父母對(duì)孩子的過(guò)度控制和過(guò)度批評(píng)可能會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的精神傷害，導(dǎo)致孩子缺乏自尊和自信。A.resource資源；B.disappointment失望；C.happiness幸福；D.confidence信心。根據(jù)“

parents’overcontrolandexcessivecriticismovertheirchildrencouldcauseaheavymentaldamage”可知，父母對(duì)孩子的過(guò)度控制和批評(píng)，導(dǎo)致了孩子缺乏自尊和自信。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他還指出，學(xué)業(yè)壓力是另一個(gè)惡化因素，尤其是對(duì)于那些忙于準(zhǔn)備高考的高三學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)。A.extremely及其地；B.especially尤其；C.merely僅僅；D.nearly幾乎。根據(jù)“Healsopointsoutthatacademicstressisanotherworseningfactor,”可知，學(xué)習(xí)壓力尤其對(duì)準(zhǔn)備高考的高三學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)更大。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了更好地預(yù)防和治療抑郁癥，國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委于9月11日公布了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。A.treatment治療；B.development發(fā)展；C.operation操作；D.pain疼痛。根據(jù)“Itaskshighschoolsandcollegestoincludescreening(篩查)fordepressionintheirstudents’physicalcheckupsandevaluatetheirpsychologicalhealth.”可知，國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委的目的是為了更好地預(yù)防和治療抑郁癥。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了更好地預(yù)防和治療抑郁癥，國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委于9月11日公布了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。A.published出版；B.ordered訂購(gòu)；C.announced宣布；D.cancelled取消。根據(jù)“Itaskshighschoolsandcollegestoincludescreening(篩查)fordepressionintheirstudents’physicalcheckupsandevaluatetheirpsychologicalhealth.”可知，這是國(guó)家衛(wèi)健委公布的一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。