2021-2022新教材高中英語Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructures學(xué)案新人教版

DiscoveringUsefulStructures

限制性定語從句(3)觀察下列課文原句并回答問題1.Thereesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew,anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.2.Waterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelicsthat(which)wereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.3.Afterlisteningtothescientistswho(that)hadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswho(that)livednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.4.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.5.Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethat(which)didnotrunovertherelicsofthepast,buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.【歸納填空】一、定語從句的概述定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞who;whom;whose;which;that;as關(guān)系副詞when;where;why*(2020·浙江高考)Eachplayhasathemeorcentralideawhichtheplaywrighthopestogetacrossthroughdialogueandaction.每一部劇都有一個劇作家希望通過對話和動作傳達的主題或中心思想。*Thisisthewomanwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.這是一位名字被整個國家所熟知的女士。*(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Molaiwentlookingonhisownanddiscoveredanearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.Molai自己去看了看,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個附近可以栽樹的小島。先行詞與關(guān)系詞1.先行詞:被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。2.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。3.關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個作用:(1)引導(dǎo)定語從句;(2)代替先行詞;(3)在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。4.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語;關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。語法填空。(1)(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.(2)(2019·浙江高考)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloththat/whichgivesofflightinthedark.(3)(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Wearetheproductsofevolution(進化),andnotjustevolutionthat(which)occurredbillionsofyearsago.(4)ThereasonwhyIlearnedtocookwasthatmymothercouldrestaftershefinishedherwork.(5)(2019·江蘇高考)Wehaveenteredintoanagewhendreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.(6)(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Childrenwho(that)playwithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.二、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的判斷方法:用法依據(jù)根據(jù)從句的謂語動詞若是及物動詞,后面若無賓語,用關(guān)系代詞;若是不及物動詞,則用關(guān)系副詞根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中作的成分把關(guān)系詞放進定語從句中,若作主語或賓語用關(guān)系代詞;若作狀語用關(guān)系副詞*AnInternetcelebritybumpsintoanapplesellerwho/thatlookslikeacheateronherwaybackhome.(作主語)一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)名人在回家的路上碰到了一個看起來像騙子的賣蘋果的人。*AclassislikeafamilywhereIshouldgetalongwellwithothers.(作狀語)一個班級就像一個大家庭,在這個大家庭里我應(yīng)該與其他人好好相處。關(guān)系副詞when,where引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句;而why引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“forwhich”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空(1)(2020·天津高考)Directedsoundisanewtechnologythat(which)allowspaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlightsareusedinthetheater.

(2)NextcamethemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselves.(3)(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhich(that)becamehissecondhome.

(4)(2020·天津高考)Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledge.(5)ThereasonwhyIcan’tgoisthatIhadafallyesterdayandinjuredmyfootbadly.(6)(2019·天津高考)Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.

三、介詞+關(guān)系代詞當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時,我們通常用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom。先行詞指物時,用which;先行詞指人時,用whom。在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中,介詞的確定原則是:1.依據(jù)定語從句中動詞或形容詞等所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。*Shedevotesherselftohermonbutusefulwork,onwhichshespendsmorethan9hoursaday.她致力于這項普通但很有用的工作,每天花在這項工作上的時間超過9個小時。*Moreimportantly,thereareteachersonlinetowhomyoucanturnforhelp.更為重要的是,有一些你可以求助的在線老師。2.根據(jù)主句與從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系判斷介詞。*OnNewYear’sEve,wewillgooutsidetolightcrackersandfireworks,afterwhichwewillehometomakedumplings.在除夕夜,我們將到外面放煙花爆竹,之后我們回家包水餃。3.表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”,介詞常用of。與此同時,在介詞of之前常用一些代詞或數(shù)詞:some,any,few,none,all,both,neither,most,each,百分?jǐn)?shù)等。*Thereare50studentsinourclass,allofwhomworkhardandbehavewell.我們班有50名學(xué)生,我們都學(xué)習(xí)很努力,并且表現(xiàn)很好。4.根據(jù)意思也可用復(fù)雜介詞,如bymeansof,asaresultof,infrontof,inthebackof等。*IamgoodatspokenEnglish,asaresultofwhichIcanmunicatewithforeignersfluently.我擅長英語口語,因此我能夠流利地和外國人交流。5.“the+名詞+of+which/whom/of+which/whom+the+名詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,可與“whose+名詞”替換。*We’veplannedtoholdanEnglishdramafestival,thethemeofwhich/ofwhichthethemeisLoveEnglish&LoveDrama.→We’veplannedtoholdanEnglishdramafestival,whosethemeisLoveEnglish&LoveDrama.我們計劃舉辦一個英語戲劇節(jié),它的主題是“愛英語,愛戲劇”。在定語從句中,有一些含介詞的動詞短語不可拆開使用,如lookafter,lookfor等。Thebabieswhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.(正確)Thebabiesafterwhomthenursesarelookingareveryhealthy.(錯誤)用適當(dāng)?shù)摹敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”填空。(1)ChinesemedicineispartofourChinesetraditionalculture,thevalueofwhichisgraduallyrecognizedbytheworld.

(2)YoushouldmakesomeChinesefriendswithwhomyoucanmunicatefrequently.

(3)Ithasbeenmyidealuniversity,forwhichIhavestudiedhardformanyyears.

(4)Thenwelookedaroundandfoundastick,withwhichwegotthekitedown.

(5)Iplantodomanythings,oneofwhichismakingatriptosomeplacesofinteresttogetherwithmygoodfriends.

四、定語從句中關(guān)系詞的省略1.定語從句的先行詞在定語從句中作賓語時,關(guān)系詞通常省略。*Whoistheman(that/who/whom)youweretalkingto?剛才和你講話的人是誰?2.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作表語時,可以省略。Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.中國已不是過去的中國了。3.先行詞是way,reason,time,place等,且它們在定語從句中分別作方式、原因、時間和地點狀語時,其后定語從句的相應(yīng)關(guān)系詞that/inwhich,why/that,when,where等可以省略。*(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Afterawhile,sheapologizedfortheway(that/inwhich)shebehavedatthebeginning.過了一會,她為自己剛開始的行為道歉。*Thereason(why/that)hewantedtosellhishousewasthatheneededalotofmoneyforhisoperation.他想賣掉房子的原因是他的手術(shù)需要很多錢。4.由and,but,or等并列連詞連接兩個或兩個以上的定語從句修飾同一個先行詞時,第一個關(guān)系詞可以省略,但第二、三個一般不可以省略。*Thebook(which)youarereadingandwhichisreadbymanyyoungpeopleiswrittenbyMarkTwain.你正在讀的并且被許多年輕人讀的那本書是馬克·吐溫寫的。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.68Chineseculturalrelicsthat/whichhadbeentakentotheUKrecentlywerereturnedtotheirhomeland.2.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandpeting.3.Iamoutgoingandactive,forwhichIthinkwecanbegoodfriends.4.Can’ttheyseethisistheonlyplacewheretheycansurvivethestorm?5.Weareallowedtogointothefieldstopickfruitandvegetables,withwhichwearetomakeourlunch.6.Wecanfindfriendstowhomwecantelloursecrets.7.Onlybychangingthewayinwhichwetreattheenvironmentcanwegetalongwellwithit.8.He’llneverforgetthedaywhenhewasadmittedtotheOlympicGamesforthefirsttime.9.Youmentionedlotsofplacesofinterestinmyhometown,mostofwhichI’veneverbeento.Ⅱ.用定語從句合并句子1.Doyouknowtheman?Themanspoketotheheadmasterjustnow.→Doyouknowthemanwho/thatspoketotheheadmasterjustnow?

2.Ihaveseenthefilm.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.→Ihaveseenthefilmthat/whichthey’retalkingabout.

3.Thedaycameatlast.Wehavebeenlookingforwardtotheday.→Thedaythat/whichwehavebeenlookingforwardtocameatlast.

4.Mygrandparentsliveinthebiggesthouse.Itismorethan100yearsold.→Mygrandparentsliveinthebiggesthousethatismorethan100yearsold.

5.Wesettleddowninasmallvillage.Infrontofthevillageranawindingriver.→Wesettleddowninasmallvillage,infrontof