16 閱讀理解解題技巧-【暑假預習】2023新七年級英語核心知識點與常見題型通關(guān)講解練（牛津譯林版）

16閱讀理解解題技巧第一部分題型解題技巧一、閱讀理解題型介紹閱讀理解主要考查考生對閱讀材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。閱讀理解短文中考主要文體包括應(yīng)用文、記敘文、說明文和議論文，考點包括細節(jié)理解、主旨大意、詞義猜測、推理判斷、觀點態(tài)度、寫作意圖、段落大意、標題歸納等。二、閱讀理解題型做題技巧一、分門別類識別文體。記敘文閱讀主要抓六大要素，時間地點、人物和事件的起因經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。除此之外，還要注意人物之間的關(guān)系、表現(xiàn)，再從中分析人物的思想品質(zhì)、性格特征等。議論文是闡明對人或事的立場觀點，因此在閱讀時必須正確把握文章的論點和論據(jù)，理清論證思路，再進行邏輯推理從而得出結(jié)論。應(yīng)用文能站近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、中清書、個人簡歷等，形式多樣，對這類文體的閱讀應(yīng)簡明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章內(nèi)容。二、統(tǒng)覽全篇摘錄要點閱讀理解是對整前文章的目的、意園、觀點、立場、志度以及內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，而不是斷章取義的孔之見，所以統(tǒng)覽全篇和問題是很有必要的，這些問題會給你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要細節(jié)。在統(tǒng)覽全篇的同時要注意要點的摘錄，因為些顯性的答案是可以從要點中直接獲取的，而隱性的答案則是要通過對全篇的理解才能得出。抽錄要點亦有利于檢查時節(jié)省時間。三、開動腦筋推測詞義初中英語教學基本要求規(guī)定，學生能根據(jù)上下文推測詞義，并能不借助詞典讀懂含有3%生詞的語言材料。換言之，這就是促使學生的知識內(nèi)化的過程，學生要通過知識內(nèi)化將內(nèi)隱的心理活動轉(zhuǎn)換為外顯的行為，可以借助以下幾種方法完成內(nèi)化過程:(1)根據(jù)上下文猜測調(diào)義。(2)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義。前緩un-表反義詞，如happy-unhappy;fairunfair;important-unimportant等。綴-ment表名詞，如developdevelopment;statestatement;argue-argument等。后最-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞，如calculate-calculator;visit-visitor;law-lawyer;art-artist等。四、用知識和生活經(jīng)驗理解短文如根據(jù)化學知識，可以理解Walterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen;根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.還有一種方法是根據(jù)邏輯推理理解短文。逆細推理實際上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。五、條分縷析理解長旬物型，相生間選理制的對點之一，長句中酒常包含并列、復合、倒裝等結(jié)構(gòu)，對于這類句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、謂、賓、定、狀、補，再找出修飾它的從句短語等經(jīng)過分析，化整為零，化默為簡，此句就不難理解了。第二部分閱讀理解專項訓練（含解析）Ourliveshavebecomemoredigitalinthemodernworld.Wecanstudy,findinformationandcommunicatewithfriendsthroughcomputersandphones.However,spendingalotoftimeworking,reading,textingandgamingthroughdigitaldevicesisbadforoureyes.AccordingtotheAmericanOptometricAssociation,70to75percentofcomputerworkershaveeyeproblems.Digitaleyestrain(視疲勞)isoneofthemostcommonproblems.Peoplewithdigitaleyestrainmaygetheadaches,dryandredeyes,eyepain,wateringandotherproblems.Theseproblemshavestartedtoincreaseamongchildren.“Childrengetcellphonesatyoungeragesandareusingthemveryoftenduringtheday,”SarahHinkley,spokeswomanfortheAmericanOptometricAssociation,toldUSAToday.Thegoodnewsitthattherearemanythingsyoucandotoreducedigitaleyestrain.Whenusingacomputer,firstsitinyourchairandreachoutyourarm.Yourhandshouldrestcomfortablyonthescreen,asifyou’rehigh-fivingthescreen.Putsomebooksunderthecomputeruntilyoureyesfeelcomfortable.Whenyouareusingamobilephone,keepitatleast30cmfromyoureyesandjustbeloweyelevel.Trynottouseitundersunlight.Remembertotakea20-20-20break:every20minutes,takea20-secondbreakandlookatsomething20feet（about6meters）away.1．WhatdoweknowfromSarahHinkley?A．Childrencaneasilygeteyestrain.B．Childrenshouldn’tusecellphones.C．Morechildrenareusingdigitaldevicesveryoften.D．Usingcellphonescancausemanyproblems.2．Whenweusephones,weshould________.A．usethemundersunlight B．turnoffthelightsC．keepthemjustbeloweyelevel D．keepthemclosetooureyes3．Thestorygivessuggestionsabout________.a.howtousecomputerssafelyb.Howtousephonessafelyc.whentotakebreaksfromelectronicdevicesd.howtocleanyoureyesA．a(chǎn)bc B．a(chǎn)bd C．a(chǎn)cd D．bcdLong,longago,therewasamannamedHans.Helivedinaverysmallhousebyhimself,andeverydayheworkedinhisgarden.Hanshadmanyfriends,butthemostdevoted(忠誠的)friendwastheMiller.TheMillerwassodevotedtoHansthatwhenhewentpastHan’sgarden,healwayspickedsomeflowersandfruitfromthetree.“Realfriendsmustshareeverything,”theMilleroftensaid,andlittleHansenjoyedthegoodideaverymuch.SometimesHan’sotherfriendsthoughtitwasstrangethattherichMillernevergavelittleHansanythinginreturn(回報),butHansneverthoughtaboutthis.HelikedtolistentotheMillertalkaboutdevotedfriendship.Duringspringandsummerandautumn,Hansworkedinhisgardenandwasveryhappy,butwhenwintercameandhehadnofruitorflowerstosell,hewasoftencoldandhungry.HewasverylonelybecausetheMillernevercametoseehimthen.“ThereisnogoodreasonformetoseeHansinwinter,”theMillersaidtohiswife.“Whenpeoplearenothappy,wemustleavethemalone(讓他們獨自待著)andshouldn’ttalktothem.SoIshallwaittillspringcomes,andthenhewillgivemelotsofflowersandfruit,andthatwillmakehimveryhappy.”“Youthinksomuchaboutothers,”answeredhiswife.“Butwhydon’tweaskHanstocomehere?”saidtheMiller’syoungestson.“IfpoorHansisunhappy,Icangivehimhalfmyfood.”“Whatafoolishboyyouare!”criedtheMiller.“IfHanscomeshere,andseesourwarmfire,andourgoodfood,andourredwine(酒),hewillenvy(妒忌)us,andenvyisnotagoodthingtofeel.ItwillmakeHansabadman.Also,ifHanscomeshere,hewillaskmetogivehimsomeflour(面粉),andthatIcannotdo.Flourisonething,andfriendshipisanother.Thetwowordsaredifferentandtheymean(意思)quitedifferently,too.”—From《TheHappyPrince》4．Hansthinks________.A．realfriendsmustshareeverything B．flourisonething,andfriendshipisanotherC．thereisnogoodreasonfortheMillertoseehiminwinter. D．whenpeoplearenothappy,weshouldn’ttalktothem5．TheMillernevervisitedHansinwinter,because________.A．Hansdidn’twantvisitorsinwinter B．theMillerhasnotimetovisitHansinwinterC．Hanscouldn’tgiveanythingtohimatthattime D．theMillerwasn’tstrongenoughtogoatthattime6．Theunderlinedword“foolish”means________.A．聰明的 B．善良的 C．愚蠢的 D．慷慨的7．Thebesttitle(題目)forthispassagemaybe________.A．ThepoorHans B．Adevotedfriend C．TherichMiller D．Awinterstory.Amotherandheryoungsongetintoabusinasmallcityandsitdown.Thebusconductorcomestothemfortheirmoney.Themothersays,“Iwantoneticket(票)tothezoo.”Andshegivesheroneyuan.Theconductorlooksatthesmallboyforafewsecondsandthensaystohim,“Howoldareyou,youngman?”Themotherbeginstospeak,buttheconductorstopsher.Theboysays,“I’mfourathome,andtwoonthebuses.”Atlastthemotherhastotakefiftyfenoutofherpocketandgivesittotheconductor.8．Whydoestheconductorlookatthesmallboyforafewseconds?A．Shelikeshim. B．Shethinkstheboyneedstobuyahalf-priceticket.C．Sheknowsthesmallboy. D．Shesawtheboysomewhere.9．Whydoestheconductorstopthemotherandlettheboysaysomething?A．Theboy’swordsareinteresting. B．Themotherisabadmother.C．Thesmallboymaytellthetruth(事實). D．Shelovesthesmallboy.10．Whatdoestheunderlined(劃線的)word“conductor”mean?A．司機 B．售票員 C．乘客 D．警察Changzhouhasalonghistoryofmorethan3,000years.It’shometomanyfamouspeople,likeLiuHaisuandZhouYouguang.HuaLuogengalsocomesfromChangzhou.HelivesinJintan,anareaofChangzhouforalongtime.Heisfamousforhisstudyinmaths.ChangzhouisinthesouthofChinaandit’sawatertown（城鎮(zhèn)）.Therearelotsoflakesandrivers,soyoucanseemanyboats.Youcanfindlotsofoldhousestheretoo.FoodinChangzhoutastesgreatandthepeopletherearekind.IlikethefoodandthepeopleinChangzhou.ThebesttimetovisitChangzhouisinspringandautumn.Duringthetime,theweatherisniceandthescenry（風景）isthemostbeautiful.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“famous”meaninChinese?A．漂亮的 B．巨大的 C．著名的 D．特殊的12．WhoisNOTmentioned（未被提到）inthispassage?A．LiuHaisu. B．ZhouYouguang.C．HuaLuogeng. D．QuQiubai.13．WhatcanyouoftenseeinChangzhouaccordingtothepassage?A．Rivers. B．Hills. C．Planes. D．Museums.14．ThebesttimetovisitChangzhouisin________.A．January B．February C．December D．September15．What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Changzhou’slonghistory B．ThebesttimetovisithistoryC．Agreatcity—Changzhou D．Changzhou’speopleandfoodEarlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.ThisisanoldEnglishsaying.Doyouknowitbefore?Itsaysthatwemustgotobedearlyandgetupearlyinthemorning.Thenweshouldbehealthy.Weshouldalsoberich(wealthy)andclever(wise).Thisistrue.Thebodymusthaveenoughsleeptobehealthy.Childrenofayoungageshouldhavetenhours'sleepeverynight.Childrenwhodon'thaveenoughsleepcan'tdotheirworkverywell.Theywillnotbewiseandtheymaynotbecomewealthy!Thebodyalsoneedsexercise.Walking,running,jumping,swimmingandplayinggamesareallexercise.Exercisekeepsthebodystrong.Exercisealsokeepstheblood(血液)movingaroundinsidethebody.Thisisveryimportant.Ourbloodtakesfoodtoallpartsofourbody.Theheadalsoneedsblood.Exercisehelpsustothinkbetter!16．Ifachilddoesn'thave10hours'sleepeverynight,he.A．willbecomewise B．won'tdowellinhisworkC．willhavetosleepinthedaytime D．can'tgotoschoolintime17．Apersonneedsexercisebecause.A．itmakeshimhealthy B．ithasmuchbloodC．itdoesn'tneedtime D．itisfuntodoexercise18．Exercisemakesthe______

movequicklyandsmoothly.A．body B．water C．blood D．head19．Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A．Exerciseisgoodforaperson'sthinking. B．Astudentshouldhave10hours'sleep.C．It'sgoodforyoutogetupearlyandgotobedearly. D．Ifyouhaveenoughblood,you'llbewise.Doyouhaveanyfriendsfromothercountries?Doyouknowwhattheyarelike?TheGermansareveryquietandtheydon'tgetexcitedeasily.Theydon'twanttosaymorewords.Theylookserious(嚴肅的)，buttheyreallyknowhowtohavefun.Theyworkhardandliketidiness,MostGermanwomenliketokeeptheirhousesclean.Insomeways,theEnglishlookthesameastheGermans.Theyarealsoquietandnevertalktoomuchwithothers.Theyarereallypolite,soweoftenhear"Thankyou."or"Sorry."fromthem.TheFrenchhavelongholidays.Theyliketravellingandusuallyspendtheirlongtimeinothercountries.TheFrencharemoreoutgoing(外向的)thantheGermans.Itisveryeasytomakefriendswiththem.Comparedto(與……比較)theFrench,theAmericansaremoreoutgoing.AndtheyareevenopenerTheydon'tliketodependon(依靠)others.Soitisverypopularthatstudentsdopart-timejobs.InAmericans'eyes,workingandsuccessareimportant.20．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat____areveryquiet.A．onlytheGermans B．onlytheEnglishC．onlytheFrench D．boththeGermansandtheEnglish21．Theunderlinedword"tidiness"inparagraph2means____inChinese.A．整潔 B．安靜 C．時尚 D．隨意22．WhatcanwelearnabouttheFrenchfromthepassage?A．TheyaremoreoutgoingthantheAmericans.B．Itisveryeasytomakefriendswiththem.C．Theyliketravellingintheirowncountry.D．Theydon'tliketobetooexcitedandarealwayshard-working.參考答案：1．C2．C3．A【分析】這是一篇說明文，本文講述了現(xiàn)代世界，生活越來越數(shù)字化。人們可以通過電腦和手機學習、查找信息、與朋友交流。然而，花大量時間工作、閱讀、發(fā)短信和玩電子游戲?qū)ξ覀兊难劬τ泻?。文章作者給出了人們很多保護視力的建議，人們可以做很多事情來減輕數(shù)碼眼疲勞。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Childrengetcellphonesatyoungeragesandareusingthemveryoftenduringtheday”可知孩子們在更小的時候就有了手機，并且在白天非常頻繁地使用它們，可推測出越來越多的孩子正經(jīng)歷數(shù)碼眼疲勞，故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“keepitatleast30cmfromyoureyesandjustbeloweyelevel.”可知要讓它與你的眼睛保持至少30厘米的距離，并且要低于你的眼睛，故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenusingacomputer”、“Whenyouareusingamobilephone”、“Remembertotakea20-20-20break”可知講到了如何安全使用電腦、手機，什么時候停止使用電子設(shè)備，但并未提到如何清潔眼睛，故選A。4．A5．C6．C7．B【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講了窮人漢斯和富人米勒的故事，窮人漢斯把富人米勒看作是最忠誠的朋友，然而富人米勒并非是真正的朋友。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Realfriendsmustshareeverything,”theMilleroftensaid,andlittleHansenjoyedthegoodideaverymuch.”可知，小漢斯非常喜歡這個好想法——真正的朋友應(yīng)該分享一切。故選A。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“SoIshallwaittillspringcomes,andthenhewillgivemelotsofflowersandfruit,andthatwillmakehimveryhappy.”可知，從來不在冬天去看漢斯，是因為他要等到春天來臨，這樣漢斯可以給他帶來很多鮮花和水果，也就是說在冬天漢斯不能給Miller任何東西。故選C。6．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“IfHanscomeshere,andseesourwarmfire,andourgoodfood,andourredwine(酒),hewillenvy(妒忌)us,andenvyisnotagoodthingtofeel.”可知，Miller認為如果漢斯來他家里，就會跟他要食物、酒等，所以他認為他的兒子很傻，因此foolish意味著“愚蠢的”。故選C。7．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講了窮人漢斯和富人米勒的故事，窮人漢斯把富人米勒看作是最忠誠的朋友，然而富人米勒并非真正的朋友，用“Adevotedfriend”作文章標題，能體現(xiàn)出反諷之意。故選B。8．B9．C10．B【分析】這篇短文描述了一對母子坐車，母親想要少買一張票，最后被售票員識破，兒子說了實話，母親不得不再買一張票。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theconductorlooksatthesmallboyforafewsecondsandthensaystohim,‘Howoldareyou,youngman?’”和“Atlastthemotherhastotakefiftyfenoutofherpocketandgivesittotheconductor.”可知，售票員看了一會小男孩是確認一下男孩是否到了該買票的年齡，最后母親也確實補了票。故選B。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theboysays,‘I’mfourathome,andtwoonthebuses.’Atlastthemotherhastotakefiftyfenoutofherpocketandgivesittotheconductor.”可知，售票員阻止母親而是讓小男孩回答，是因為小孩可能會說實話。故選C。10．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Thebusconductorcomestothemfortheirmoney.”可知，conductor是在公交車上收錢的人，故選B。11．C12．D13．A14．D15．C【分析】本文主要介紹了常州這座城市，包括當?shù)氐拿?、地理、食物、人以及游覽常州最好的季節(jié)等。11．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“l(fā)ikeLiuHaisuandZhouYouguang.HuaLuogengalsocomesfromChangzhou”可知，這些都是名人，所以famous的意思為“著名的”。故選C。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“It’shometomanyfamouspeople,likeLiuHaisuandZhouYouguang.HuaLuogengalsocomesfromChangzhou.”可知，文中沒有提到QuQiubai。故選D。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Therearelotsoflakesandrivers,soyoucanseemanyboats.”可知，在常州你能看到許多的湖泊和河流。故選A。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThebesttimetovisitChangzzhouisinspringandautumn.”可知，參觀常州的最佳時間是春季和秋季。January，F(xiàn)ebr