Unit-4-Space-Exploration-高一英語單元詞匯、句型、語法、題型完美精練

Unit4SpaceExplorationPartOne詞匯句式一遍過I.閱讀障礙詞——寫出下列單詞的漢語意思1.solaradj.____________2.universen.____________3.giantadj.____________n.____________4.oxygenn.____________5.monitorn.____________vt.____________6.agencyn.____________7.transmitvt.&vi.____________8.datan.[pl.]____________9.spacecraftn.____________10.currentadj.____________n.____________11.sufficientadj.____________12.facilityn.____________13.patternn.____________14.high-endadj.____________II.核心四會詞——根據(jù)漢語寫出單詞1.____________n.宇航員；太空人2.____________n.重力；引力3.____________n.人造衛(wèi)星；衛(wèi)星4.____________vt.&n.發(fā)射；發(fā)起；上市5.____________n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望6.____________vt.回收利用；再利用7.____________n.肌肉；實力；影響力8.____________n.缺乏；短缺vt.沒有；缺乏9.____________vi.浮動；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮動；使漂流10.____________adv.否則；要不然11.____________prep.在更遠處；超出12.____________adj.熱衷的；渴望的13.____________adj.致命的；災難性的14.____________adj.膚淺的；淺的15.____________n.資源；財力；物力16.____________vt.系；綁；貼III.拓展延伸詞——根據(jù)詞性和漢語意思寫單詞1.mentaladj.精神的；思想的→____________adv.精神上，智力上2.intelligentadj.有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的→____________n.智慧，智力3.determinevt.查明；確定；決定→____________adj.有決心的；意志堅定的→____________n.決心4.disappointvt.使失望→____________adj.失望的；沮喪的→____________n.失望→____________adj.令人失望的5.independentadj.獨立的；自立的→____________adv.獨立地；自立地→____________n.獨立6.globen.地球；世界；地球儀→____________adj.全球的7.arguevt.&vi.論證；爭辯；爭論→____________n.爭論；爭吵；論點8.analysevt.分析，解析→____________n.(pl.analyses)(對事物的)分析；分析結果9.regularadj.定期的；經(jīng)常的；正常的→____________adv.經(jīng)常；定期地10.limitvt.限制；限定n.界限；限度→____________adj.有限的→____________adj.無限的IV.重點短語英漢互譯(i)課內基礎達標1.____________繼續(xù)做，堅持干2.____________在宇宙飛船上；在船上；在飛機上3.____________抱著……的希望4.____________為了；以便5.____________提供某人生活所需；供養(yǎng)某人6.____________弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白7.____________最后8.promotetechnologicalimprovement____________9.thesecretsoftheuniverse____________10.ashallowview____________11.resultin____________12.runout____________(ii)課外拓展延伸1.____________下定決心做某事2.____________使某人感到(非常)失望的是3.____________示意某人做某事4.____________因缺乏……5.____________認為……非常有意義6.giveout____________7.resultfrom____________8.goonboard____________9.arguefor/againststh____________10.beyondexpectation____________V.經(jīng)典句式過關練(i)課內基礎達標——補全句子1.這些災難讓每個人都感到悲傷和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望從未消失過。(makesb＋adj.)Thesedisasters________________________,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.2.把人送到其他星球甚至太陽系以外不是一個容易達到的目標。(be＋adj./n.＋todosth)Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystem________________________.3.睡覺的時候，他們必須把自己固定在某物上，以防止四處飄蕩。(狀語從句的省略)____________,theymustattachthemselvestosomethingsoastopreventfloatingaround.4.后來，蘇聯(lián)集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上第一個進入太空的人。(不定式作后置定語)Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace，andon12April1961，YuriGagarin________________________.(ii)課外拓展延伸——補全句子1.當雙胞胎失望地環(huán)顧四周時，他們的父親出現(xiàn)了。(disappointment)Asthetwins________________________,theirfatherappeared.2.年輕人追求更好生活的愿望更強烈，也更善于利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)尋找商機。(desire)Youngpeople________________________andaremoreskilledinusingtheInternettolookforbusinessopportunities.3.在未來，愛護環(huán)境將變得很重要，因為地球的自然資源瀕臨枯竭。(runout)Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeveryimportantas________________________.4.由于缺乏人類保護，長江江豚的數(shù)量變得越來越少。(lack)________________________,thenumberofYangtzeFinlessPorpoiseisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.PartTwo核心考點基礎練I.詞形變化練1.Becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannot________(recycle).2.Itis________(universe)acknowledgedthatwealthdoesn’tnecessarilymeanhappiness.3.ThereisnodenyingthatChina’seconomyplaysanimportantroleinthe________(globe)economy.4.Weprefertodescribeemotional________(intelligent)asaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.5.Weheadedtothebar,________(signal)tothegirlthatshecouldtakepartinthecampaign________(launch)bythecompany.6.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,________(independent),confidenceandcompetence.7.________(limit)thoughtimewas,theymanagedtoachievemuchaftertakingaseriesofmeasures.8.Bytakingexercise________(regular),Ihavegrownhealthynotonlyphysically,butalsomentally(mental)inthepastfewyears.II.固定用法練1.Ithasalwaysbeenanattractionforthosewhoarekeen________anythingthatisChinese.2.Althoughherdescriptionsoundedwonderful,thepricewas________ourrange,sowedeclined.3.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized，otherwisethey________(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.4.Wemustcarry________tillsuccessinspiteofvariouschallengesanddifficulties.5.Mary,mybestfriend,isoneofthestudentswho________(choose)toattendtheinternationalmeetingonbehalfofourcountry.6.Inaword,IcanintroduceChinesepaintingtoourguestswhile________(offer)themguidance.7.Researchhasshownthathavingapreferenceforjunkfoodcanresult________obesity.8.________(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.PartThree高考題型強化練I.閱讀理解AHaveyouevernoticedthatthestarssometimesappearbrighterinDecember,JanuaryandFebruary?There’salinkbetweencoldairandthenightlights.“Partofthereasonisthatittendstobedrierinthewinter,”saidDianeTurnshek,anastronomeratCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Eventhoughit’sinvisible,moisture(水分)canchangethewaylightmovesthroughtheair.Andinthesummer,moisturecanmakestarsappearmoredull.Airtemperatureisalsowhatputsthetwinkleinthelittlestars.“Evenonveryclearnights,someoftheatmosphereiscooler,andsomeoftheatmosphereiswarmer,”saidTurnshek,whoalsoworkswiththeAlleghenyObservatory.Andwhenthelightfromastarpassesthroughthosebubblesofvaryingtemperatures,theybendandshiftthelight,sothatweareseeingstarsappeartodanceortwinkle,shesaid.ForstarloversintheUnitedStates,there’sanotherfactorthatcomesintoplayforbrightwinterstars,althoughthisisamatterofcoincidence.DuringEarth’sjourneyaroundthesun,“therearejustsimplymorebrightstarsvisiblefromtheNorthernHemisphereinthewintersky,”Turnsheksaid.Ifyoureallywanttoseeashinystar,justtrytofindaburningballofgascalledSiriusnearthehorizon.At8.6lightyearsaway,SiriusisrelativelyclosetoEarthandthebrighteststarvisibleinthenightsky.Itisalsolarge—nearlytwiceasbigasoursunand20timesasbrightasit.Sothiswinter,whentheworldturnscoldanditseemslikeweshouldbespendingmoretimeindoors,consideraskinganadulttogoexploringoutside.Withawarmcoatandaclearsky,anynightcanbeturnedintoatreasurehunt.Allyouhavetodoislookup.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dull”inParagraph1probablymean?A.notshiny B.notexcitingC.notsevere D.notsmart2.Howdoesairtemperatureinfluencethebrightnessofstars?A.Bychangingthebubblesaroundthem.B.Byputtingthetwinkleinthem.C.Byvaryingthedirectionofthelightfromthem.D.Bymakingthestarsdanceandtwinkleinthesky.3.WhatdoweknowaboutSirius?A.Itcanbefoundatanynight.B.Itis20timesasbrightasthesun.C.Itisaburninganddullball.D.ItisclosertoEarththanotherstars.4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toadvocatestargazinginwinter.B.Tocallonpeopletofocusonstars.C.Topresentnewresearchresultsaboutstars.D.Toexplainwhystarsaremorevisibleinwinter.BA293-million-milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover(探測器)toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18,2021,withapicture-perfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecar-sized,six-wheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency’sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial(微生物的)lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRedPlanet’sgravitational(引力的)pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds，whileitsthinatmosphere—just1percentthatofEarth’s—doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy’s12,000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees—anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe“sevenminutesofterror”.Uponattainingamanageablespeed,PercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itscomplexmap-readingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy’sscientificinstruments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission.“Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof,”saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA’sPlanetaryScienceDivision.“Whilewe’lllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswehaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell-equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples(樣本)carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”5.WhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?A.Thespeedreduction.B.Theatmosphereanalysis.C.Thelocationsearch.D.Thetimemanagement.6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waystofindthepreciseentryangle.B.Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.C.Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”.D.Reasonsforthenecessityofspeedreducing.7.Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph4?A.Thespot. B.Thearea.C.Thesystem. D.Thesurface.8.WhatcanbeinferredfromLoriGlaze’swords?A.Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.B.Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.C.ManstillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.D.SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.Ⅱ.完形填空MostofmylifeIhadlivedinaBlackcommunity.Neitherofmy__1__hadmadeitpastmiddleschoolandIwasthefirstinmyfamilyofthreetoeversetfootonacollegecampus.__2__,mostofmypeerscamefromgenerationsofcollege-educatedfamilyandhadgrownupin__3__suburbs.Insteadof__4__withothershowIwasfeeling,IisolatedmyselfandthoughtIcouldgetthroughitifIjustfocusedon__5__.Duringtheweeksleadinguptomysophomoreyearwinterbreak,IfinallydecidedIwould__6__.Fortunately，thatwasn’tthe__7__ofthestory.Ifoundstrengthandguidancetocontinuethroughtograduation.Socialandpsychologicalcounselinggavemespacetoprocessmy__8__.Volunteeringworkprovidedmeaconsistentreminderfor__9__Iwasincollege.Myinteractionswithstudentswho__10__mesomuchofmyownfriendsbackhomeinspiredmetobe__11__toworkingforaccesstohighereducationforlow-incomeyouth.I__12__gotinvolvedwithasummerinternshipprogram,whereIcooperatedwithsomestudentleaderstostartaconferenceto__13__aboutissuesofrace.Knowledgeisempowering.Ireadbooksand__14__chosecoursestolearnmoreabouttopicsrelatedtorace.Mostimportantly,IwasempoweredwiththeknowledgeIneededtoworkforjusticeand__15__.1.A.brothers B.grandparentsC.parents D.sisters2.A.Bycontrast B.InrealityC.Asaresult D.Inbrief3.A.white B.blackC.poor D.new4.A.quarreling B.sharingC.comparing D.negotiating5.A.researching B.exercisingC.studying D.uniting6.A.letout B.leaveoutC.giveout D.dropout7.A.end B.startC.plot D.climax8.A.temper B.courageC.emotion D.awareness9.A.when B.whyC.how D.what10.A.informed B.remindedC.convinced D.expected11.A.reduced B.limitedC.accustomed D.committed12.A.also B.stillC.ever D.again13.A.dialogue B.chatC.joke D.protest14.A.desperately B.carefullyC.intentionally D.sensitively15.A.prejudice B.equalityC.freedom D.discriminationⅢ.語法填空Aftertraveling1._________spaceforsevenmonths，China’sTianwen-1probe(探測器)hasreachedMarsand2._________(smooth)enteredtheorbitonFebruary10，2021，accordingtoChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Theadministrationalsopublishedablack-and-whitepictureofMarstakenbyTianwen-13._______theprobewasabout2.2millionkilometersfromMars.Thename“Tianwen”,4.________(borrow)fromanancientChinesepoembyQuYuanofthestateofChu,5._________(mean)“thequestforheavenlytruth”.Tianwen-1,thecountry’sfirst6._________(independence)Marsmission(任務),waslaunchedbyaLongMarch5heavy-liftcarrierrocket,byfarthe7._________(large)launchvehicleinChina，fromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvince,onJuly23,2020.Themission8._________(design)tostudythecompositionoftheMartianatmosphereaswellascontributetotheongoingsearchforpastandpresentlife.9._________willbethefirstmissioninspacehistorytocompleteorbiting，landingandwanderingatatime.Thefinalgoalistosoft-landaroverinMayonthesouthernpartofMars’UtopiaPlanitia10._________(conduct)scientificsurveys.答案部分PartOne詞匯句式一遍過I.閱讀障礙詞1.太陽的；太陽能的2.宇宙；天地萬物3.巨大的；偉大的;巨人；巨獸；偉人4.氧；氧氣5.監(jiān)視器；監(jiān)測儀;監(jiān)視；監(jiān)測；監(jiān)控6.(政府的)專門機構；服務機構；代理處7.傳輸；發(fā)送8.資料；數(shù)據(jù)9.航天器；宇宙飛船10.前的；現(xiàn)在的;水流；電流；思潮11.足夠的；充足的12.設施；設備13.模式；圖案；模范14.高端的II.核心四會詞1.astronaut2.gravity3.satellite4.launch5.desire6.recycle7.muscle8.lack9.float10.otherwise11.beyond12.keen13.fatal14.shallow15.resource16.attachIII.拓展延伸詞1.mentally2.intelligence3.Determined;determination4.disappointed;disappointment;disappointing5.independently;independence6.global7.argument8.analysis9.regularly10.limited;limitlessIV.重點短語英漢互譯(i)1.carryon2.onboard3.inthehopeofdoingsth4.soasto(dosth)5.provideforsb6.figureout7.inclosing8.促進技術進步9.宇宙的秘密10.一個膚淺的觀點11.導致；造成12.用完；耗盡(ii)1.bedeterminedtodosth2.(much)toone’sdisappointment3.signal(to)sbtodosth4.forlackof5.attachgreatimportance/significanceto6.用盡；用完7.由……造成；因……而產(chǎn)生8.上船/火車/飛機9.據(jù)理力爭/反對某事10.出乎意料V.經(jīng)典句式過關練(i)1.madeeveryonesadanddisappointed2.isnotaneasygoaltoachieve3.Whilesleeping4.becamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace(ii)1.lookedaroundthemindisappointment2.haveastrongerdesiretopursueabetterlife3.earth’snaturalresourcesrunout4.ForlackofhumanprotectionPartTwo核心考點基礎練I.詞形變化練1berecycled2universally3global4intelligence5signaling;launched6independence7Limited6regularlyII.固定用法練1on2beyond3wouldhaveaccomplished4on5werechosen6offering7in8LearningPartThree高考題型強化練【語篇解讀】你有沒有注意到星星在12月、1月和2月顯得更亮？本文從三個方面分析了冬天星星更亮的原因。1.A。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段內容可知，冬天因天氣干燥，星星顯得更亮。夏天情況應與冬天相反，故此處表示在夏天，水分使星星看起來更“暗淡”。2.C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“whenthelight...theybendandshiftthelight，sothatweareseeingstarsappeartodanceortwinkle”可知，當光穿過不同溫度的氣泡時，光線會彎曲，故氣溫是通過改變光的方向來影響星星的亮度的。3.B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“20timesasbrightasit”可知，天狼星的亮度是太陽的20倍。4.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的首句并結合下文內容可知，本文介紹了冬天星星更亮的原因：水分、氣溫和地理位置的影響?！菊Z篇解讀】本文主要介紹了“毅力號”探測器的主要任務，以及其登陸火星過程中的情況。5.A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，火星引力會使得接近火星的航天器更快速行進，并且火星稀薄的大氣層對減緩航天器的速度幾乎沒有幫助，故減速是“毅力號”探測器登陸火星的特別挑戰(zhàn)。6.C。主旨大意題。通讀第三段內容可知，該段尾句“Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe‘sevenminutesofterror’”為本段總結句，再結合該段上文可知，該段主要介紹了“七分鐘內生存下來的因素”：降低速度，精確的切入角度。7.B。詞句猜測題。分析第四段尾句句子結構可知，it的指代對象為map-readingsystem或thearea。再結合句意“其復雜的地圖讀取系統(tǒng)快速掃描該地區(qū)，并將其與數(shù)據(jù)庫中的地圖進行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可知，it指代該句中的“thearea”。8.C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段可知，確認火星曾經(jīng)存在過微生物需要大量的證據(jù)，而攜帶這些證據(jù)的樣本又需要裝備齊全的實驗室以及將精密儀器送回地球才能進行分析。據(jù)此可推知，人類要證明火星上曾有生命還有很長的路要走?！菊Z篇解讀】本文講述了作者通過努力學習，獲取知識為黑人爭取正義和平等的故事。1.C。根據(jù)下文中的“myfamilyofthreetoeversetfootonacollegecampus”及語境可知，此處指作者的父母都沒有讀完中學。2.A。根據(jù)上文中的“Iwasthefirstinmyfamilyofthreetoeversetfootonacollegecampus”和下文中的“mostofmypeerscamefromgenerationsofcollege-educatedfamily”可知，相比之下，作者的大多數(shù)同齡人都來自受過大學教育的家庭。3.A。根據(jù)上文“MostofmylifeIhadlivedinaBlackcommunity.”及語境可推知，大多數(shù)作者的同齡人在白人的郊區(qū)長大。4.B。根據(jù)下文中的“Iisolatedmyself”及語境可知，作者將自己孤立出來，