專題03 八年級期末語法易錯點(diǎn)

專題03八年級期末語法易錯點(diǎn)形容詞/副詞的比較等級大多數(shù)的形容詞都有三個級別：原級、比較級、最高級。其中比較級表示“更……”，用于兩者之間的比較，用來說明“前者比后者更……”，比較級前面一般用much,even,alittle修飾，其中even,much只能修飾比較級。最高級表示“最……”，用于三者及三者以上之間的比較，用來說明“某人或某物在某個范圍內(nèi)最……”①形容詞的比較級(-er)和最高級(-est)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化之口訣：直接加；去e加；雙寫加；變y加;more/mostb.不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarther,furtheroldolder,elderoldest,eldest②比較級前的修飾語still,even,any,quite(abit),almost,nearly,just,rather；alittle,abit；much,alot,far,many；twice,tentimes,onefourth,twopounds,threeyears形容詞的比較等級(2)—常見句型① A=BA+V+as+adj./adv.+as+B（與……一樣）HeisastallasI/me.他和我一樣高。Heisasgoodateacherashisfather.他和他的父親一樣是個好教師。② A≠BA+V+not+as/so+adj./adv.+as+B（與……不一樣）Theydidn’tdoas/somuchworkasyoudid.他們干得事沒有你多。I’veneverseenas/sooldacarasthis.我從來沒有見過像這樣舊的車。③ A>B或A<BA+V+比較級+than+B（比……更……）Tomistwoyearsolderthanhisbrother.湯姆比他的弟弟大兩歲。Ourclassroomisbiggerthantheirs.我們的教室比他們的大。④ 表示倍數(shù)A+V+twice/fourtimes/…+as+adj./adv.+as+B（A是B的兩倍/四倍/…）Thisroomistwiceaslargeasthatone.整個房間是那房間的兩倍大。Theearthis49timesasbigasthemoon.地球是月球的49倍大。⑤ 表示程度的遞增主語+V+比較級+and+比較級(…越來越…)主語+V+moreandmore++adj./adv.(…越來越…)Thedaysaregettingshorterandshorter.白天變得越來越長了。Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我們的國家變得越來越美了。⑥ 表示兩種情況同時變化The+比較級+主語+V+…，the+比較級+主語+V+…(…越…越…)Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe’llbe.=Ifwegettogethermore,we’llbehappier.我們聚得越多，我們就會越高興。Theharderyoustudy,thebetteryou’llbeatEnglish.=Ifyoustudyharder,you’llbebetteratEnglish.你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，你的英語成績越好。⑦ 主語+be+oneofthe+最高級+n.(pl.)+in/of…(…是最…之一)BeijingisoneoftheoldestcitiesinChina.北京是中國最古老的城市之一。⑧ 主語+V。+the+最高級+in/of…(…最…)Annstudieshardestofallthegirlsinourclass.安妮是我們班學(xué)習(xí)最用功的學(xué)生之一。⑨ 主語+V。+the+比較級+ofthetwo…(…<兩者中>較…的)Lilyisthetallerofthetwins.莉莉是這兩個雙胞胎中較高的那個。⑩ 主語+V。+比較級+than+anyother+n.(單數(shù))+in…(…比任何其他的更…)主語+V。+比較級+than+anyoftheother+n.(復(fù)數(shù))+in…(…比任何其他的更…)Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.他比他班級中其他的任何學(xué)生高。=Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heisthetalleststudentsinhisclass.11.A+V+more/fewer+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+thanB…(A比B做更多、更少……)A+V+more/less+不可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+thanB…(A比B做更多、更少……)JohnstudiesmoresubjectsthanNancy.John比Nancy學(xué)更多科目。StudentsintheUSAhavemoreweeksoffinthesummertimethanBritishstudents.在夏天美國學(xué)生比英國學(xué)生有更多周不上課。12.A+V+thesame（size/colour/age...）as+B（A與B一樣）MyuniformisthesameasSimon’suniform.我的校服和Simon的校服一樣.Millie’spencilboxisthesamesizeasAmy’spencilbox.我的鉛筆盒和Amy的鉛筆盒一樣大。13.A+V+differentfrom+B（A與B不一樣）Kitty’srubberisdifferentfromSimon’srubber.Kitty的橡皮和Simon的橡皮不一樣。易錯題：1.--Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?Certainly.Wecanbuy________onethanthis,but________this.A.abetter;betterthan B.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodas D.amoreimportant;notasgoodas2.Heisoneof_______inChina.A.thegreatscientistB.thegreatscientistsC.thegreatestscientistsD.thegreatestscientist3.Thereislessairpollutioninthenaturereservethan________ofthecountry.A.otherpart B.inotherpart C.inanyotherpartD.theotherpart4.Guangzhouisbiggerthan______inHunan.A.anyothercity B.anyothercities C.anycity D.othercities5.Inordertokeephealthy,youshouldeat______fastfood,______freshvegetablesA.fewer;fewer B.less;more C.fewer;more D.less;less6.Boboftensaysthatswimmingis____thanhikinginreducingweight,buthealwaysspendsmoretimeonswimming.A.lessuseful B.lessinteresting C.moreuseful D.moreinteresting7.Youaredoinggreat!I’veneverhad_______answerbefore.A.better B.best C.abetter D.thebest8.Lilydoesn’tdoherhomeworkas_____asSimon.Sheusuallymakesfewmistakes.A.careless B.careful C.ceaselessly D.carefully【答案】CCCCBACC反身代詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimself/herself/itselfthemselves（1）作動詞或介詞的賓語：經(jīng)常在enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,seat,dress,express,amuse,behave等動詞和by,for,to,of等介詞后作賓語。通常表示反身代詞與句中的主語是同一人。它在句中作賓語，不能省略，否則該句是一個意義不完整的錯句。如：HeisteachingherselfEnglish.她在自學(xué)英語。Shewastalkingtoherself.她自言自語。Helivesbyhimselfinthecountry.他獨(dú)自住在鄉(xiāng)下。（2）作主語或賓語的同位語：主要起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用，譯作“親自，本身，本人”。如：Didyoumakethecakeyourself?這蛋糕是你親自做的嗎?(yourself作主語you的同位語)Theworkitselfiseasy.這工作本身很容易。(itself作主語thework的同位語)DidyouseeMr.Wanghimself?你見過王先生本人嗎？(himself作賓語Mr.Wang的同位語)（3）作表語：在be,feel,look,seem等系動詞后作表語，表示身體或精神狀態(tài)處于正常。如：I’mnotmyselftoday.今天我感覺不舒服。Iamfeelingmyselfagain.我覺得健康如昔。易錯題：1.Pleasehelp__________(you)tosomefood,boys!2.Sheisn’tquite_____________todayandherparentstookhertothehospital.(she)3.Tomdoesn’tlikethefilm_______,buthisparentslike_______.A.himself;itB.itself;themselvesC.itself;itD.himself;themselves4.Themotherneverleaveshertwinson________(they)own.【答案】yourselves,herself,A,their祈使句一、祈使句：用于表達(dá)命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句.祈使句的作用是要求、請求或命令、勸告、建議別人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感嘆號，但是有些祈使句的語氣較弱，可以用句號結(jié)尾祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z）是第二人稱，所以通常都省略。祈使句的動詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時，例：Goandwashyourhands.例如：保持肅靜！Bekindtooursister.Watchyoursteps.表示禁止的句式有：不準(zhǔn)、不要、別、Noparking.二、表現(xiàn)形式●肯定結(jié)構(gòu):1.Do型(即:動詞原形(+賓語)+其它成分)。如:Pleasehaveaseathere.有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,動詞可省略。如:Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.。2.Be型(即:Be+表語(名詞或形容詞)+其它成分)。如:Beagoodboy!要做一個好孩子!3.Let型(即:Let+賓語+動詞原形+其它成分)。如:Letmehelpyou.讓我來幫你?！穹穸ńY(jié)構(gòu):1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don\'t構(gòu)成，如:Don\'tforgetme!Don\'tbelateforschool!2.Let型的否定式有兩種:“Don\'t+let+賓語+動詞原形+其它成分”和“Let+賓語+not+動詞原形+其它成分”。如:Don\'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.別讓他走。3.有些可用no開頭,用來表示禁止性的祈使句。如:Nosmoking!Nofishing!禁止釣魚!用"let"的祈使句時，必須注意下列幾點(diǎn)：1、"let"的否定句有二。如果賓語是第三人稱用"Don'tlet"；如果賓語是第一人稱，則用"Letnot"：Don'tletthistypeofthingshappenagain.It'srainingnow.Let'snotgooutuntilaftertherain.2、"Let"只適用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，可以有被動語態(tài)(thepassivevoice)，如：Lettherecalcitrantcriminalsbesenttoprison.Letallthededicatedcapablestaffbepromoted.3、"Let"后頭除了是不帶"to"的不定式動詞(Theinfinitivewithout"to")之外，還可以是某些適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~，如out,in,down,alone等：Letthepuppyout.Openthewindowsandletthefreshairin.Theroomistoosunny.Lettheblindsdown.Letmealone,please.用"Let\'s"時，把談話者的對象包括在內(nèi)；用"Letus"時，并不包括對方，如：Let'stryit,shallwe?Letusdoitbyourselves,willyou?三．祈使句與并列連詞and與or連用時可以表示條件。Workharder,andyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.易錯題：1.______(notplay)footballontheroad.It’sverydangerous.2.Studyhard,oryoucan’tpassthedrivingexam.(改為同義句)______you______studyhard,youcan’tpassthedrivingexam.3.Weshouldn'tplaywithscissors.（改為祈使句）______________________withscissors.4.SuzyadvisedAndrewnottoputuphershelflikethat.(改為祈使句)Andrew,uptheshelflikethat.【答案】Don’tplay;If,don’t;Don’tplay;don’tput情態(tài)動詞：should,hadbetter的用法Should表達(dá)職責(zé)或義務(wù)，提出勸告及一般人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)該去做的事，常用來談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在和將來。YoushouldgoandseeMrWangsometime.hadbetter1.hadbetterdo…“最好”had?？s寫為’d否定式hadbetternotdo一般疑問句把had放在主語的前面。1)

You’dbetterhurryupifyouwanttogethomebeforedark.2)We’dbetternotdisturbhim.3)Hadwebettergonow?我們最好現(xiàn)在走嗎？

2.hadbetter適用于任何人稱和數(shù)You’dbettergowithme.3.變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧鋾r，如果是肯定句，就把had提前，放在句首；如果是否定句，就把hadn’t提前即可。Hadyoubettergothereatonce?4.含有hadbetter的反義疑問句的簡短問句部分中要用had或hadn’t.如：Youhadbettergivehimthemagazine,hadn’tyou?may

的用法

一、表示許可或征求對方的許可，有“可以”的意思。例如：

You

may

go

now.

你可以走了。

May

I

use

your

computer?

我用一下你的電腦可以嗎？

二、回答以

may

開頭的疑問句有如下表達(dá)法：

-May

I

smoke

here?

我可以在這兒抽煙嗎？

-Yes,

you

may.

/

Yes,

please.

請抽吧。

-No,

you

can't.

/

No,

you

mustn't.

/

No,

you'd

better

not.

請不要抽煙。

三、表示猜測，通常只用于陳述句。例如：

You

may

be

right.

你可能是對的。四、在口語中can可以代替may表示許可，但can較隨便，may更正式。例：CanIuseyourbike,John?約翰，我可以用一下你的自行車嗎？MayIhavealookatyourlicenseplease,sir?先生，我可以看一下你的執(zhí)照嗎？can

的用法

一、表能力，有“能，會，能夠”的意思。例如：

-Can

you

drive

a

car?

你會開車嗎？

-Yes,

I

can.

我會。/

No,

I

can't.

我不會。

二、表允許，在口語中代替may，有“可以”的意思。

（見下面

may

的用法第四點(diǎn)）

三、表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑問句。例如：

Can

it

be

true?

那會是真的嗎？

Today

is

Sunday.

He

can't

be

at

school.

今天是星期天，他不可能在學(xué)校里。易錯題：Look!Thegirlwithlonghairisdrawingapicture.IssheSandy?It________beher.I’mnotsure.mustn’t B.must C.can’t D.mayIsTomcomingbycar?I’mnotsure.Hetakeabus.A.maybe B.may C.maybe D.maynot3.Simon,whatdoIneedtotakeforthetrip?You’dbetter_________morewater.It’shottoday.totakeB.take C.takingD.took【答案】ABB動詞不定式①主語+vt.(及物動詞)+to-v(動詞不定式)want,decide,wish,hope,choose,refuse,wouldlike,expect,…Hedecidedtogotherehimself.他決定親自去那兒。②主語+vt.(及物動詞)+to-v(動詞不定式)stop,goon,remember,forget,start,begin,…Pleaseremembertobringthebooktoschoolnexttime.請記住下次把書帶到學(xué)校來。③主語+vt.(及物動詞)+it+adj.(形容詞)+to-v(動詞不定式)find,think,make,feel,…TheInternetmakesiteasytogetmuchnewinformationinashorttime.④主語+vt.(及物動詞)+sb./sth.+(not)+to-v(動詞不定式)get,allow,encourage,beg,waitfor,warn,ask,want,wouldlike,tell,wish,expect,invite,…It’sraininghardnow.Let’swaitfortheraintostop.雨下得很大，讓我們等雨停下來。⑤主語+vt.(及物動詞)+sb./sth.+(not)+v(動詞原形)feel,listento,hear,let,make,have,see,watch,lookat,notice,…Theworkerswasmadetoworktwelvehoursaday.工人們被迫每天工作十二小時。⑥主語+vt.(及物動詞)+sb./sth.+疑問詞+to-v(動詞不定式)teach,show,know,…Idon’tknowwhethertogothere.我不知道是否去那兒。易錯題：1.________(find)hiswayout,hetriedtomovethroughthedark.2.Canyouseeamoviewithmethisevening?Sorry,mymotherasksme__________outafter8:00p.m.togo B.going C.nottogo D.notgoing3.Don’tforget_____yourhomeworkbeforegoingouttoplaybasketball,John.OK,Dad.finishing B.finish C.tofinish D.tofinishing4.Hetriedmanytimes.Atlast,hefailedthedoor.A.open B.toopen C.opening D.opened5.Weshouldworkhardfinishthejobontime.A.before B.so C.because D.inorderto6.Someteenagersdon'tknowwho________theirownproblems.A.totalkabout B.totalktoaboutC.willtalktoabout D.willtotalk.7.Isawhimintotheclassroomandthencomeoutwithabag.A.go B.togo C.going D.went8.Theoldmantoldthetourists_____thebirdsinthezooanymore.A.don’tfeed B.didn’tfeed C.notfeed D.nottofeed9.___________moreabouttomorrow’sweather,call121.OK,Iwill.Thankyou.A.Know B.Knowing C.Toknow D.Knew【答案】Tofind;C;C;B;D;B;A;D;C英語的簡單句有五種基本句型：例1.Herunsfastinthestreet.（S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）例2.Yourwatchlooksverynice.（S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)）例3.Sheoftenhelpshim.（S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)）例4.Sheoftenhelpshim.（S十V十IO十DO主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)）例5.Pleasegivemeafewapples.（S十V十DO十OC主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）判斷下列句子結(jié)構(gòu)。1.Theflowersmellsgood.2.Mygoodfriendtoldmeastory.3.Tomlentmeapencil.4.LiLinoticedtwodogsfight.5.Heisworkingnow.6.Shewantedsomehelp.7.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.8.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.9.Shelikesmilk.10.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.【答案】S+V+P2.S十V十IO十DO3.S十V十IO十DO4.S十V十DO十OC5.S+V6.S+V+O7.S+V+O8.S+V+O9.S+V+O10.S+V+O易錯題：1.“Thischildrenareplayinginthepark.”Themainstructureofthesentenceis__________.A.S+V B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P2.Thesentence“Myfatherboughtmeapresent.”belongstothefollowingstructure:A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC3.Badweathermaycausenaturaldisasters.Itsstructureis____.A.S+V+P B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO4.Inthesentence“Everymorning,Ihearthebirdssinginthepark”,theunderlinedpartis_____.A.P B.OC C.IO D.DO【答案】ACDC過去進(jìn)行時while,when,as掌握while和when在過去進(jìn)行時中的用法：表示兩個持續(xù)性的動作在過去同時發(fā)生用while，when后接一個短暫性的動作。持續(xù)性的動作用過去進(jìn)行時，短暫性的動作用一般過去時。e.g.：IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyfatherwaswatchingTV..Thebellrangwhilehewasreadingbooks.Whenthebellrang,hewasreadingbooks.(以上這兩句主從句前后可以互換)

1、“主短從長”型：即主句是一個短暫性動作，而從句是一個持續(xù)性動作，此時三者都可用。如：

Jim

hurt

his

arm

while［when，

as］

he

was

playing

tennis.

吉姆打網(wǎng)球時把手臂扭傷了。

As［When，

While］

she

was

waiting

for

the

train，

she

became

very

impatient.

她在等火車時，變得很不耐煩。

2、“主長從長”型：即主句和從句為兩個同時進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到從句所指的整個時間，此時通常要用while。

I

always

listen

to

the

radio

while

I’m

driving.

我總是一邊開車一邊聽收音機(jī)。

He

didn’t

ask

me

in;

he

kept

me

standing

at

the

door

while

he

read

the

message.

他沒有讓我進(jìn)去，他只顧看那張條子，讓我站在門口等著。

但是，若主句和從句所表示的兩個同時進(jìn)行的動作含有“一邊……一邊”之意時，則習(xí)慣上要用as。如：

He

swung

his

arms

as

he

walked.

他走路時擺動著手臂。

3、“主長從短”型：即主句是一個持續(xù)性動作，而從句是一個短暫性動作，此時可以用as或when，但不能用while。如：

It

was

raining

hard

when

[as]

we

arrived.

我們到達(dá)時正下著大雨。

When

[As]

he

came

in,

I

was

listening

to

the

radio.

他進(jìn)來時，我在聽收音機(jī)易錯題：1.Lucy,doyouunderstandthequestionnow?Sorry,couldyouexplainitagain?I____aboutsomethingelse.A.think B.amthinking C.wasthinking D.thought2.IsawKittyinNanjingHongshanZoolastSaturdayafternoon.What?Butshe_____playingthepianowithmeinthemusichallatthattime.A.practises B.practised C.ispractising D.waspractising3.Weplayvolleyballwithourfriendsatweekends.（用atthistimeyesterday替換atweekends）We______________________volleyballwithourfriendsatthistimeyesterday.4.Iwaswaitingforthebuswhenthetrafficaccidenthappened.（對劃線部分提問）______________________youdoingwhenthetrafficaccidenthappened?5.Motherpandamilkedthebabypandayesterday.(用at6a.m.yesterday替換yesterday)Motherpanda______________________thebabypandaat6a.m.yesterday.【答案】C;D;wereplaying;Whatwere;wasmliking【易錯題整理】一、單項選擇1._______honestboy!Andheis_______beststudentofall.A.Whata；the B.Whatan;/ C.Howan;the D.Whatan;the2.HespeaksFrenchwell,butofcoursenot_______apersonborninFrance.asclearas B.clearerthan C.asclearlyas D.themoreclearly3.--TheairpollutionhasbecomeaseriousprobleminChina.--Iagree.Ifthereare________peopledriving,therewillbe________pollution(污染）.fewer;fewer B.less；less C.less;fewer D.fewer；less4.--.Doyouknowwhyheleftsoearly?--__________readyforthemid-termexam,Iguess.Get B.Got C.Toget D.Getting5.Iwillputsomephotosonmyhomepage_________everyone________.so；tolook B.for；tolookat C.for;tolook D.so;lookatit6.IknowmyplanisfarfromwhatIexpect,butIjustcan’tthinkof________one.abetter B.thebetter C.abest D.thebest7.Shanghaiisbiggerthan____________inJiangsuandbiggerthan__________inChina.anycity；anycity B.anycity:anyothercityC.anyothercity；theothercities D.anyothercity；anycity8.ThesedaysnotonlyTommybutalsohisfather__________crazyaboutGloryofKings.Idon’tthinkhisfatherisagoodexample.is B.are C.am D.was9.—DoyouenjoyHanHong’ssongs?—Yes.SheisthewinnerofIAMASINGER3.Ican’tthinkofanyonewitha_____voice.A.moreB.mostC.better D.best 10.Thesentencestructureof“Ourteachersalwaysmaketheirclassesinterestingandlively.”is_______.A.S+V+DOB.S+V+IO+DOC.S+V+DO+OCD.S+V+P11.—Icalledyouatfouro'clockyesterdayafternoon,buttherewasnoanswer.—Didyou?I____footballintheschool.A.played B.wasplaying C.amplaying D.willplay12.—IthinkreadingismoreimportantthanspeakinginourEnglishstudy.—Idon’tagree.Speakingis_______reading.A.notasimportantasB.soimportantasC.notimportantthanD.asimportantas13.—Doyouknowwhenyourparents?—Idon’tknow.Butifthey,Iwilltellyou.A.willcome,comeB.willcome,willcomeC.come,willcomeD.come,come14.—Becareful.Theiceisnotthickenough_____.—Thanks.I______.A.toskateon,willB.toskateonit,willC.toskate,won’tD.toskateonit,won’t.【答案】1-5DCDCB6-10ABACC11-14BDAA二、動詞填空1.We’dbetter_________(notstay)outsidenow.It’sdangerous.2.Don’ttalkloudly.Thestudents_________(take)anexam.3.Wehopeyou_________(have)agreatdayinHangzhou.4.LastweekendJoespentalotoftime____________(lie)onthesofa.5.ShelistenstoEnglishprogramseveryday_____________(learn)Englishbetter.6.Itrainedveryheavilyyesterday,somyfather___________(drive)metoschool.7.Wouldyouplease__________(notmake)somuchnoise?Thebabyissleeping.8.Lindawithherfamily__________(plan)whattodoforChristmasatthe