2019屆高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)-專(zhuān)題十二-名詞性從句講義-新人教版

專(zhuān)題十二名詞性從句-2-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七-3-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七1.主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)從句都可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句尾。it做形式主語(yǔ)后接that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that不可以省略。what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不能用it做形式主語(yǔ)代替。(2015·北京)How

we

understand

thingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.我們理解事物的方式與我們的感受有很大關(guān)系。

-4-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七Exactly

when

the

potato

was

introduced

into

Europeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.馬鈴薯具體是在什么時(shí)候被引入歐洲的并不確定,但有可能是在1565年左右。(2016·北京)What

is

lacking

todayistheconflictbetweenadolescents’desireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.當(dāng)今所缺乏的正是青少年對(duì)自主權(quán)的渴望與他們對(duì)一個(gè)不安全世界的了解之間的矛盾。That

she

will

succeediscertain.→Itiscertainthat

she

will

succeed.她肯定會(huì)成功。-5-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七2.it做形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型(1)Itis+名詞(nowonder,an

honor,agoodthing,a

pity,nosurprise等)+從句。It

is

no

surprise

thatwewillwinthematch.(2)Itis+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,funny,possible,likely,certain等)+從句。(2014·北京)It

is

not

surprising

thatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.一點(diǎn)都不令人吃驚的是,年輕人很可能會(huì)情緒迸發(fā),特別是當(dāng)有理由去這樣做時(shí)。(3)Itis+過(guò)去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced等)+從句。It

is

said

that

Mr.Smithhasarrived.-6-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七1.動(dòng)詞和介詞后面都可以跟賓語(yǔ)從句。大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞(hope,tell,say等)后可以跟賓語(yǔ)從句。介詞后只能跟wh-類(lèi)連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。(2015·重慶)Wemustfindoutwhen

Karl

is

coming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.我們必須弄明白卡爾會(huì)在什么時(shí)候到來(lái),這樣我們就可以為他訂房間了。

(2016·天津)Youbegintorealizethatyourboyinyourfootsteps,couldprobablyaccomplishwhat

you

hoped

for.你開(kāi)始意識(shí)到,讓你的孩子追隨你的腳步可能會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)你所期望的東西。-7-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七(2016·全國(guó)丙)Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhich

ones

will

best

suit

your

conditions.在活動(dòng)中,你可以見(jiàn)到種植專(zhuān)家,并與他們探討哪些品種最適合你的條件。Idon’tthink(that)you

are

right.我認(rèn)為你不對(duì)。2.動(dòng)詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),需用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythat

we

take

plenty

of

boiled

water

every

day.我認(rèn)為我們有必要每天喝足夠的開(kāi)水。-8-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七3.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,seeto等后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常在從句前面加it。Ihateit

when

they

talk

with

their

mouths

full

of

food.我不喜歡人們吃著東西說(shuō)話。4.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等形容詞后也可接賓語(yǔ)從句。I’msurethat

they

can

make

it.我確定他們會(huì)成功。-9-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七1.跟在be或者其他系動(dòng)詞后的從句為表語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省略。(2016·浙江)Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthat

it

can

hurt

the

person

being

talked

about.流言帶來(lái)的一個(gè)重要的負(fù)面影響是它會(huì)傷害那個(gè)被談?wù)摰娜恕?2014·湖南)AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeiswhat/whatever

happens

to

you

while

you

are

busy

making

other

plans.正如約翰·列儂曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的,生活就是當(dāng)你忙于制訂其他的計(jì)劃時(shí),所發(fā)生在你身上的事情。ThemessageofSaving

Private

Ryanisthat

humans

want

peace,not

war.《拯救大兵瑞恩》傳達(dá)的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。-10-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七2.主句主語(yǔ)為idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名詞時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,should可以省略。Hissuggestionisthat

we(should)change

our

course.他建議我們改變航線。3.主語(yǔ)為名詞reason時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞用that,不用why或者because。Thereasonfortheaccidentisthat

the

driver

was

too

careless.事故的原因是司機(jī)太大意。4.because,asif,as

though,as等也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。(2013·安徽)Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecause

about

seventy-one

percent

of

its

surface

is

covered

by

water.從太空看,地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蠹s71%的地方被水覆蓋著。-11-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七同位語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明某一名詞的內(nèi)容或者性質(zhì)的從句。1.常見(jiàn)的能接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word等。Itwassadnewsthat

a

music

professor

in

Beijing

committed

suicide

days

ago.幾天前,北京的一位音樂(lè)教授自殺了,這是個(gè)不幸的消息。(2016·上海)Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthat

the

word“Poems”appeared

in

big,hot

pink

letters.只有那個(gè)大大的亮粉色單詞“詩(shī)歌”引起了我的興趣。-12-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七2.同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo),但根據(jù)語(yǔ)境的不同,也可以用其他的連接代詞和連接副詞。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略。(2014·重慶)—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoideawhy

he

did

it;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.——昨天邁克拒絕接受來(lái)自耶魯大學(xué)的錄取通知書(shū)是真的嗎?——是的,但是我不能理解他為什么這樣做;那可是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。-13-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七3.有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后,而是被別的成分隔開(kāi)。Thestorygoesthat

William

Tell

did

kill

the

king.故事流傳說(shuō)威廉·泰爾確實(shí)殺了國(guó)王。4.doubt后面的從句要根據(jù)具體情況選擇引導(dǎo)詞。doubt用于肯定句時(shí),其后的賓語(yǔ)從句用whether/if引導(dǎo),同位語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo);用于否定句時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句都用that引導(dǎo)。Youcancomplain,butIdoubtwhether

it

will

make

any

difference.你可以發(fā)牢騷,但我對(duì)這樣做是否有用表示懷疑。Thereisnodoubtthat

we

will

have

an

exam

next

week.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)下周我們要考試。-14-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七whether與if當(dāng)“是否”講時(shí),在下列情況下只用whether,不用if:1.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并用在句首時(shí)。Whether

you

are

on

good

terms

with

your

classmateswillaffectyourmood.你與同學(xué)相處得是否融洽會(huì)影響你的情緒。2.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。Weshoulddiscussthequestionwhether

we

can

finish

it

on

time

carefully.我們要認(rèn)真討論一下我們是否能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。3.所引導(dǎo)的從句做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。Italldependsonwhether

they

will

lend

us

the

money.這都要看他們是否會(huì)借給我們錢(qián)。-15-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七4.從句后有“ornot”時(shí)。(2016·江蘇)Hejustdoesn’tcarewhether

his

neighbor

gets

fed

or

not.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.他就是不在意他的鄰居有沒(méi)有得到食物。猩猩真的很自私。5.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Idon’tknowwhether

to

go

to

the

party.我不知道是否去參加聚會(huì)。-16-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七1.that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用,也沒(méi)有任何含義;that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)(介詞but,except,besides,in除外)。That

he

failed

the

exammademesurprised.(主語(yǔ)從句,that不充當(dāng)從句成分)他考試沒(méi)及格令我很驚訝。Heisagoodstudentexceptthat

he

is

a

little

careless.除了有點(diǎn)粗心以外,他是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。-17-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七2.what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),其意義為“……的人/物/數(shù)目等”,在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。what具有雙重作用,既能引導(dǎo)從句,又能在從句中做成分。做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)what可以分解成“定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”,即常說(shuō)的“先行詞+that”。(2014·浙江)“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisiswhat

my

mother

used

to

tell

me.(what

指“……說(shuō)的話”)“每次吃糖,要喝點(diǎn)綠茶,”這是我母親過(guò)去常告訴我的。(2015·安徽)Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snotwhat

ships

are

built

for.(做for的賓語(yǔ),意思為“什么樣的用途”)船停泊在港灣里會(huì)很安全,但人們把它造出來(lái)可不是為了這個(gè)目的。-18-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七Youwillknowwhat

side

effect

the

medicine

brings

about.(做定語(yǔ),意思為“什么樣的”)你將會(huì)知道這種藥會(huì)帶來(lái)什么副作用。Helivesinwhat

we

call“spring

city”.(表示“……的地方”)=Helivesinthe

place

that

we

call“spring

city”.他住在一個(gè)叫“春城”的地方。Youdon’tknowwhat

good

students

they

are.(表示“多么”,此為感嘆句用于賓語(yǔ)從句中)你不知道他們是多么好的學(xué)生。-19-考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)四考點(diǎn)五考點(diǎn)六考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)七3.which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,其意義為“哪一個(gè)”,可以指人也可以指物,是在已知的具體的人、事、物當(dāng)中進(jìn)行選擇;引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞,在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),且只能指物。Tellmewhich

book

you

like

better,theredoneortheblueone?Iwillbuythebookwhichyouchooseforyou.告訴我你更喜歡哪本書(shū),紅色的還是藍(lán)色的?我給你買(mǎi)你選中的那本。4.AistoBwhatCistoD.A對(duì)于B就像C對(duì)于D一樣。Air

is

to

us

what

water

is

to

fish.空氣對(duì)于我們就像水對(duì)于魚(yú)一樣。-20-ⅡⅠⅠ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空1.(2016·江蘇改編)Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.2.(2016·北京改編)Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps.解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中的it只是形式主語(yǔ),后面的才是真正的主語(yǔ)。由于主語(yǔ)從句句意完整,且不缺少任何成分,故用that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。解析:句意:你們的支持對(duì)我們的工作很重要。無(wú)論你們做什么都會(huì)有幫助。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看,“

you

can

do”中缺少do的賓語(yǔ),且表示“無(wú)論什么”,故填whatever。

-21-ⅡⅠ3.(2016·天津改編)Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.4.(2016·浙江名校新高考訓(xùn)練)—WhatdoyouthinkoftheenthusiasmofthepeopleinAukland?—Well,it’s

whatremainsunchanged.解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,“a

suggestion”后面一句是它的內(nèi)容,所以是同位語(yǔ)從句,且從句中不缺少成分,故應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。解析:從第二句可知,it’s后面是表語(yǔ)從句,空格做句子的主語(yǔ),且句意不完整,因此填what表示“something

that”。-22-ⅡⅠ5.(2016·浙江名校新高考訓(xùn)練)—Canwefinishourtaskbytheweekend?—Italldependson

whether

wecangetMr.Smith’scooperation.

6.(2015·浙江改編)Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigatewhatisbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.解析:句意:——我們能在周末前完成任務(wù)嗎?——這完全取決于我們能否得到史密斯先生的合作,if當(dāng)“是否”講時(shí)不能做介詞的賓語(yǔ),故用whether表“是否”的意思。解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中的investigate是及物動(dòng)詞,后跟賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),故填what。句意:如果你去河里或湖里游泳,一定要調(diào)查清楚水面下有什么。經(jīng)常有巖石或樹(shù)枝藏在水里。-23-ⅡⅠ7.(2015·四川改編)Theexhibitiontellsuswhyweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.8.Toimprovethequalityofourproducts,weaskedforsuggestionswhoeverhadusedtheproducts.解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,tell后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),所以引導(dǎo)詞不用連接代詞。根據(jù)句意“這次展覽告訴我們,為什么我們應(yīng)該為防止空氣污染做點(diǎn)事?！?/p>

可知空格處應(yīng)該填why,表示我們應(yīng)該為防止空氣污染做點(diǎn)事的原因。解析:句意:為了提高我們產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量,我們征求了用過(guò)的人的建議。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)ask

sb.for

sth.可知suggestions后是賓語(yǔ)從句能代指人,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,且做主語(yǔ)的有who和whoever。但who意為“誰(shuí)”,側(cè)重于指事情,whoever=anyone

who側(cè)重于指人,故用whoever。-24-ⅡⅠ9.Successusuallygoesto

whoever

iswell-prepared.

10.AllthestudentsofGrade3arestudyinghardinordertogainadmissionto

what

theybelieveisanidealuniversity.

解析:句意:成功往往屬于那些有準(zhǔn)備的人。whoever

is

well-prepared從句構(gòu)成介詞to的賓語(yǔ),從句中whoever做主語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于anyone

who。解析:句意:高三年級(jí)的學(xué)生為了被錄取到他們認(rèn)為的理想大學(xué)而正在努力學(xué)習(xí)?？蘸蟮馁e語(yǔ)從句中they

believe為插入語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ),故應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。-25-ⅡⅠ11.Theproblemisthatonelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.12.Youcantellaboutapersonby

what

hesaysaboutothersintheirabsence.

解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,第一個(gè)is是句子的謂語(yǔ),空后是敘述的problem的內(nèi)容,表語(yǔ)從句成分齊全,故用that引導(dǎo);that無(wú)任何意義,僅起引導(dǎo)作用。解析:句意:你能根據(jù)一個(gè)人對(duì)不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的其他人的評(píng)價(jià)了解關(guān)于他的情況。by后跟賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少say的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)用what。-26-ⅡⅠ13.Tom’sworryisthathewon’tbechosenfortheschoolfootballteam.14.Thetruth

that

treesarevitaltoourlifeisnotasecret.

解析:句意:湯姆的擔(dān)憂是他將不會(huì)被選上參加學(xué)校足球隊(duì)。題干中is后是表語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句中不缺少成分,所以此處用that引導(dǎo)。解析:此處是同位語(yǔ)從句,又因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗鄙俪煞?故填連詞that。-27-ⅡⅠ15.WhathemeantisthattheInternetisfullofinformationbutitcanbedifficulttofind

what

youreallyneed.

16.Itreallymattershowhetreatedthelatestfailure,fortheexaminationisaroundthecorner.解析:what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,做need的賓語(yǔ)。

解析:句意:由于考試臨近了,他如何對(duì)待最近的失敗關(guān)系很大。it為形式主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句中缺少方式狀語(yǔ),故用how。-28-ⅡⅠ17.What

Iwasdoingwasabravemove,ofcourse.

18.Focusingonwhatyouwanttobringintoyourlife—notwhatyouwanttoavoid—willmakeyoumorelikelytoactuallypursueit.解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,第二個(gè)was是句子的謂語(yǔ),其前是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少賓語(yǔ),故填What。解析:介詞on后是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中動(dòng)詞bring缺少賓語(yǔ),故填what。-29-ⅡⅠ19.The3GphonemustbeofgreatusetowhoeverwantstogettheinformationthroughtheInternetquickly.20.Doctorsholdthebeliefthatsucharoboticoperationwillmakesaferandbetteroperationsinthefutureandwillimprovedoctortrainingaswell.解析:句意:3G手機(jī)對(duì)于想快速?gòu)木W(wǎng)上得到信息的任何人都很有用。空后的從句中缺少主語(yǔ),應(yīng)用whoever=anyone

who,它既引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句也在從句中做主語(yǔ)。who“誰(shuí)”,語(yǔ)義不合適。whoever“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”。解析:空后內(nèi)容用以說(shuō)明空前belief的內(nèi)容,應(yīng)填that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。故填that。-30-ⅡⅠⅡ.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空Twentyyearsagofewpeoplerealized1.

that

computerswereabouttobecomepartofourdailylives.Thisshortperiodoftimehasseenenormouschanges,in

business,educationandpublicadministration.Jobs,2.

which

usedtotakeweekstocomplete,arenowcarriedoutinminutes.Clerks3.

who

spentalldaycopyingandcheckingcalculationsarenowfreedfromtheseboringtasks.

-31-ⅡⅠSchoolchildrenhavebecomeasfamiliarwithhardwareandsoftware4.

as

theirparentswerewithpencilsandexercisebooks.Computerisation(電腦化