【高三寒假檢測卷】03 世界語言演變 肢體語言主題專練 （解析版）

2/2第03練世界語言演變~肢體語言主題專練AAFluentAdvantageWhenschoolsgothroughbudgetcuts,foreignlanguageclassesareoftenplacedonthecuttingblock.Schooladministratorsoftendonotunderstandhowimportantforeignlanguagestudyisfortheirstudents’successintherealworld.Farfromcuttinglanguageclasses,schoolsshouldbedemandingthemforallstudents.Studyingaforeignlanguageshouldberequiredinmiddleschools.Languagestudystrengthensstudents’minds.Manystudieshaveindicatedthatmultilingualpeople—peoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage—arebetteratcertaintasks.Specifically,multilingualpeoplehavebetterexecutivefunctionthanpeoplewhospeakonlyonelanguage.Executivefunctionisthewaythebrainmanagesalltheinformationit’sgiven,suchasperformingdifferenttasksanddecidingwhattofocuson.Inbrainscans,multilingualpeopleshowincreasedactivityintheareasofthebrainthatcontrolexecutivefunction.Researchershaveguessedthatthisadvantageexistsbecausemultilingualpeoplemustconstantlydecidewhichwordsfromwhichlanguagetouse.Asaresult,multilingualpeoplegetlotsofpracticewithexecutivefunction.Theirbrainscanthenapplythoseskillstoothertasks,likepayingattentionormultitasking.Thiseffectisespeciallystrongforpeoplewhogrowupspeakingmorethanonelanguage.Theearlierstudentsstartlanguageclasses,themorebenefitstheymaygetfromlanguagestudy.Moreover,languagestudyhelpspreparestudentsfortheirfuturecareers.Today,languageskillsareinhighdemandonthejobmarketandmoreandmorebusinessesworkinmanycountriesacrosstheworld.Asbusinessesbecomeglobal,theyneedpeoplewhocancommunicateeasilyacrossnationalborders.Topreparefortheircareers,morestudentsshouldbelearningforeignlanguages.From2010to2015,thedemandintheUnitedStatesforworkerswhospeakasecondlanguagedoubled.Thistrendincludedworkersofallskilllevelsandbackgrounds.Ofcourse,inordertomakebetteruseoftheadvantagesofforeignlanguagestudy,middleschoolforeignlanguageclassesshouldnotjustmakestudentsmemorizenewwordsandsounds.Theymustalsoteachstudentsaboutnewcultures.Foreignlanguageclassesshouldberequiredtoincludelessonsabouthistory,literature,customs,andgovernmentalongwiththelanguagesthemselves.Thesesubjectswillhelpstudentsbecomebetterglobalcitizensandsupporttheirstudiesinothersubjects.Requiringmiddleschoolerstostudyaforeignlanguageoffersthemopportunitiestosharpentheirbrains.Italsogivesthemtoolsthatwillhelpthembecomeproductivemembersoftoday’sglobalsociety.1．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutforeignlanguagestudyinmiddleschools?A．Moreforeignlanguageclassesshouldbeofferedinmiddleschools.B．Takingaforeignlanguageclassinmiddleschoolsshouldbeachoice.C．Foreignlanguageclassesshouldbecutbecauseofthelimitedfunds.D．Studyingaforeignlanguageshouldbeamiddleschoolrequirement.2．Theauthorbelieves______.A．peoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguagehavebetterexecutivefunctionB．beingabletoworkinanothercountrydoublespeople’sjobopportunitiesC．peoplelearnlanguagesbetterasyoungpeoplethanwhentheyareolderD．people’sexecutivefunctionimprovesafterforeignlanguageclasses3．What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingParagraph4?A．Tosumuphisargument. B．Toputforwardasolution.C．Toemphasizehispointofview. D．Tointroduceanadditionalsuggestion.4．Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要點)C:Conclusion B．C． D．【答案】1．D2．A3．D4.A【語篇分析】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了作者認(rèn)為學(xué)校不應(yīng)削減語言課，應(yīng)要求學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一門外語，介紹了學(xué)習(xí)外語的好處，以及提出中學(xué)外語課堂不應(yīng)該只是讓學(xué)生記憶新單詞和發(fā)音，還必須教學(xué)生新文化。要求中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一門外語給他們提供了鍛煉大腦的機會。它還為他們提供了幫助他們成為當(dāng)今全球社會生產(chǎn)力成員的工具?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Schooladministratorsoftendonotunderstandhowimportantforeignlanguagestudyisfortheirstudents’successintherealworld.Farfromcuttinglanguageclasses,schoolsshouldbedemandingthemforallstudents.Studyingaforeignlanguageshouldberequiredinmiddleschools.(學(xué)校管理者往往不明白外語學(xué)習(xí)對學(xué)生在現(xiàn)實世界中的成功有多么重要。學(xué)校應(yīng)該要求所有學(xué)生都上語言課，而不是取消語言課。中學(xué)應(yīng)該要求學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一門外語)”可知，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)一門外語應(yīng)該是中學(xué)的要求。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Manystudieshaveindicatedthatmultilingualpeople—peoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage—arebetteratcertaintasks.Specifically,multilingualpeoplehavebetterexecutivefunctionthanpeoplewhospeakonlyonelanguage.(許多研究表明，會說多種語言的人——也就是會說一種以上語言的人——在某些任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)得更好。具體來說，多語者比只會一種語言的人有更好的執(zhí)行功能)”可知，作者認(rèn)為會說一種以上語言的人具有更好的執(zhí)行功能。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ofcourse,inordertomakebetteruseoftheadvantagesofforeignlanguagestudy,middleschoolforeignlanguageclassesshouldnotjustmakestudentsmemorizenewwordsandsounds.(當(dāng)然，為了更好地利用外語學(xué)習(xí)的優(yōu)勢，中學(xué)外語課堂不應(yīng)該只是讓學(xué)生記憶新單詞和發(fā)音)”根據(jù)第五段“Theymustalsoteachstudentsaboutnewcultures.”他們還必須教學(xué)生新的文化?？赏浦髡邔懙谒亩蔚哪康氖墙榻B另外一個建議。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。閱讀全文，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文第一段引出中學(xué)應(yīng)該要求學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一門外語的主題，第二段第三段為次要點，介紹語言學(xué)習(xí)的好處，第四段第五段為第二個要點，說明中學(xué)外語課不僅要讓學(xué)生記住新的單詞和發(fā)音，他們還必須教學(xué)生新文化；最后，第六段總結(jié)全文要求中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)外語為他們提供了鍛煉大腦的機會，它還為他們提供了幫助他們成為當(dāng)今全球社會生產(chǎn)力成員的工具。可推知，A圖顯示了文章中思想的發(fā)展。故選A。BImetArieponanislandintheSouthPacificnationofVanuatu.BeingthelastfluentNaatispeakerinthearea,hesadlyexpressedhisfearthat,withhisdeath,thelanguagewoulddisappear.Naatiisjustanexampleofdyinglanguages.Today,50%to90%oftheworld'slanguagesareconsideredatriskoffallingoutofusebytheendofthecentury.Overthelast10years,thishasattractedmorepublicattention.Whilewepraisedtheeffortsmadetoprotectdyinglanguagesnativetocertainplacesandspokenbylocalpeople,let'sstopandask:Whydoesitmatter?ShouldNaati'sfuturemattertotheworld?Manyspeakersofdyinglanguages,includingAriep,communicatefluentlyinotherlanguages.Isthehopeof"saving"thesesmalllanguagesjustaromanticideaofunrealisticexperts?Asalinguist(語言學(xué)家),I'montheoppositesideofthoseanswering"yes".Iunderstandhowpressingandseriouslanguagelossis.Communitiesdependonlanguagestoformcultureandidentity,andfortheworld,languagesareaninvaluablesourceofinformationabouthumancognition(認(rèn)知).Ifalanguageislost,itscommunityculturewilldisappear.Forinstance,peoplewhospeakLulamogiinUgandafeelanxiousthataspeopleforgetthetermsdescribingwaysofcatchingandeatingwhiteants,theywillalsoforgetthisimportantculturalpractice.Languagelossalsomeansalossofcommunityidentityandself-determination.Measuringtheirdamageishard,butthelosscertainlyharmsthewell-beingofcommunitymembers.Bycontrast,theabilityofcommunitymemberstospeaktheirlocallanguagetogetherimproveswell-being.InBritishColumbia,researchhasshownthattheyounggenerationsincommunitieswhereatleast50%ofthepeoplespeakthenativelanguagetendtohaveastrongersenseofwell-being.Whenalanguageisdisappearing,moreislostthanjustcertainbitsofinformation.Understandinglanguageisimportanttounderstandinghumancognition.Everylanguageprovidesuswithatoolforfindingouthowlanguageworksinourmind,withoutwhichwearepreventedfromseeingthefullpicture.5．WhyisNaatimentionedinParagraph1?A．Toleadinthetopic. B．Tosumupthemainidea.C．Totellastory. D．Toputforwardaquestion.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referto?A．Ariep'sfear. B．Naati'sfuture.C．Publicworryovertheproblem D．Protectingdyinglanguages.7．Whatdothelastthreeparagraphsmainlytalkaboutoverlanguageloss?A．Itsexamples. B．Itsreasons.C．Itsinfluence. D．Itsdevelopment.8．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsavingdyinglanguages?A．Doubtful B．Supportive C．Unclear D．Worried【答案】5．A6．D7．C8．B【語篇分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了我們是否應(yīng)該拯救瀕臨滅絕的語言。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“BeingthelastfluentNaatispeakerinthearea,hesadlyexpressedhisfearthat,withhisdeath,thelanguagewoulddisappear”(作為這個地區(qū)最后一個能說流利Naati語的人，他悲傷地表達了他的擔(dān)心，隨著他的死亡，這種語言將會消失。)和第二段“Naatiisjustanexampleofdyinglanguages.”(Naati只是瀕臨滅絕語言的一個例子)可知，第一段舉出Natti語即將滅絕這個例子，接著文章介紹Naati語只是瀕臨滅絕語言的一個例子而已，此外還有多種語言正在瀕臨滅絕，由此可以推斷出，第一段提到Naati，是為了引出話題，下文主要討論了我們是否需要拯救瀕臨滅絕的語言，故選A?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Whilewepraisedtheeffortsmadetoprotectdyinglanguagesnativetocertainplacesandspokenbylocalpeople,let'sstopandask”(雖然我們贊揚過那些為保護土著居民使用的，在特定地方使用的正消亡的語言所做的努力，但是讓我們停下來問問)可推斷出“Whydoesitmatter?”(這為什么重要？)中的it是指正在保護消亡的語言這件事，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Ifalanguageislost,itscommunityculturewilldisappear.”(如果一種語言消失了，它的社區(qū)文化就會消失)，倒數(shù)第二段“Languagelossalsomeansalossofcommunityidentityandself-determination.”(語言的喪失也意味著社區(qū)認(rèn)同和自決的喪失。)和最后一段“Whenalanguageisdisappearing,moreislostthanjustcertainbitsofinformation.”(當(dāng)一種語言消失時，失去的不僅僅是某些特定的信息。)可以推斷出，最后三段關(guān)于語言消失主要講的是其帶來的影響，故選C。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whenalanguageisdisappearing,moreislostthanjustcertainbitsofinformation.Understandinglanguageisimportanttounderstandinghumancognition.Everylanguageprovidesuswithatoolforfindingouthowlanguageworksinourmind,withoutwhichwearepreventedfromseeingthefullpicture.”(當(dāng)一種語言消失時，失去的不僅僅是某些特定的信息。理解語言對理解人類認(rèn)知很重要。每一種語言都為我們提供了一種工具，來發(fā)現(xiàn)語言在我們的大腦中是如何工作的，沒有這種工具，我們就無法看到全貌。)可知，理解語言對理解人類認(rèn)知很重要，如果語言消失的話，我們?nèi)祟惥蜔o法看到語言在大腦中是如何工作的，所以可以推斷出，作者認(rèn)為語言很重要，所以作者對拯救瀕臨滅絕的語言的態(tài)度是支持的，與選項B“Supportive”(支持的)符合，A.Doubtful懷疑的；C.Unclear不清楚的；D.Worried擔(dān)憂的，均不符合，故選B。Ⅰ.七選五HowtolearnalanguageinjustweeksWhenyouarewillingtostudyabroad,youneedtolearnthelanguage;otherwiseyouwillmissoutonthebestpart!1Therefore,Iwanttogiveyousometipshowtolearnalanguageinjustweeks,andhavefunwhiledoingit.FreePodcasts(播客)Searchforfreelanguagepodcastsandlistentothemwhereeveryougo,inthecar,bus,whileyouexercise,dodishesandinbedbeforeyouaregoingtosleep.2Instead,justgetusedtothepronunciationandtrytorememberthewordswithoutanypressure.KISS-KeepitSimple,Stupid3Yeah,that'sright-nogrammar!!!Alwaysremember,whenaforeignercomesuptoyouandasksyousomethinglike:WherefindtoiletI?Youwillstillunderstandwhatheorshemeans,right?Grammardoesmatters,butitismoreimportantthatpeoplewillunderstandthebasicmeaningofwhatyouaresayingthanperfectgrammaruse,don'tyouagree?4Makealistof150veryimportantwordsandexpressionsthatareessentialforeverydaycommunication.Writethemonflashcardsandputthemintocategories,suchas:whichexpressionscanIuseontheroad,athome,inclass,withfriends,etc.5Ialwaysputsomeinthekitchenandbathroomoverthesinkandreadthem,whileIwasdoingdishesorbrushingmyteeth.Ihopethesetipsonhowtolearnalanguageinjustweeksinaninteresting,interactiveandpracticalwaywerehelpfultoyou.Youcanalsowritethesewordsonstickynotesandputthemupalloveryourroom.Trynottofocustoomuchongrammarrules,pronunciationandexceptions.Focusonimportantwords.Butyoucanspeakthelanguagewheneverpossibleandtrynottobeafraidofmistakes.Usethelanguageforeverydaycommunication.Butstudyingvocabularylistsandgrammarrulesareboring.Youdon’thavetomemorizeit.【答案】1．F2．G3．B4．C5.A【語篇分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了短期快速掌握一門外語的幾種方法。【1題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenyouwanttostudyabroad,youneedtolearnthelanguage;otherwiseyouwillmissoutonthebestpart!(當(dāng)你想出國留學(xué)時，你需要學(xué)習(xí)語言;否則你將錯過最精彩的部分！)”和下文“Therefore,Iwanttogiveyousometipshowtolearnalanguageinjustweeks,andhavefunwhiledoingit.(因此，我想給你一些如何在幾周內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)一門語言，并從中獲得樂趣的建議)”可知，空處承上啟下，學(xué)習(xí)語言很重要，但是學(xué)習(xí)語言有時候很無聊。F項：Butstudyingvocabularylistsandgrammarrulesareboring.(但是學(xué)習(xí)詞匯表和語法規(guī)則很無聊)符合語境。故選F?！?題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Instead,justgetusedtothepronunciationandtrytorememberthewordswithoutanypressure.(相反，只要習(xí)慣發(fā)音，試著毫無壓力地記住這些單詞)”可知，空處和下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明不需要記住單詞。G項：Youdon'thavetomemorizeit.(你不需要記住它)符合語境。故選G。【3題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Yeah,that'sright-nogrammar!!!(是的，沒錯——沒有語法！??！)”可知，前一句意為不要語法，B項：Trynottofocustoomuchongrammarrules,pronunciationandexceptions.(盡量不要把太多精力放在語法規(guī)則、發(fā)音和例外上)符合語境。故選B。【4題詳解】空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文“Makealistof150veryimportantwordsandexpressionsthatareessentialforeverydaycommunication.(列出150個對日常交流至關(guān)重要的單詞和短語)”可知，本段主要說明要關(guān)注重要的詞語。C項：Focusonimportantwords.(關(guān)注重要的詞語)符合語境。故選C?！?題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ialwaysputsomeinthekitchenandbathroomoverthesinkandreadthem,whileIwasdoingdishesorbrushingmyteeth.(當(dāng)我洗碗或刷牙的時候，我總是在廚房和浴室的水槽上方放一些閱讀它們)”可知，空處應(yīng)該提出建議，把這些重要單詞貼在房間里。A項：Youcanalsowritethesewordsonstickynotesandputthemupalloveryourroom.(你也可以把這些話寫在便利貼上，貼滿你的房間)符合語境。故選A。Ⅱ.完型挺空Manyearlyapproachestolanguagetechnology—andparticularlytranslation—get1inaconceptualdeadend:therules-basedapproach.Intranslation,thismeanttryingtowriterulestoanalyzethetextofasentenceinthelanguageof2,breakingitdownintoasortofabstract“interlanguage”andrebuildingitaccordingtotherulesofthetargetlanguage.Theseapproachesshowedearly3.Butlanguageisfullofambiguitiesandexceptions,sosuchsystemswerehugelycomplicatedandeasily4whentestedonsentencesbeyondthesimplesettheyhadbeendesignedfor.Nearlyalllanguagetechnologiesbegantogetalotbetterwiththeapplicationof5methods,oftencalleda“bruteforce”approach.Thisreliesonsoftwarescanningvastamountsofdata,lookingforpatternsandlearningfromprecedent.6,inparsinglanguage(breakingitdownintoitsgrammaticalcomponents),thesoftwarelearnsfromlargebodiesoftextthathavealreadybeenparsedbyhumans.Ituseswhatithaslearnedtomakeitsbest7aboutapreviouslyunseentext.Inmachinetranslation,thesoftwarescansmillionsofwordsthathavealreadybeentranslatedbyhumans,againlookingforpatterns.Inspeechreorganization,thesoftwarelearnsfromabodyofrecordingsandthetranscriptionsmadebyhumans.Thankstothegrowingpowerofprocessors,fallingpricesfordatastorageand,mostcrucially,theexplosioninavailabledata,thisapproacheventually8.Mathematicaltechniquesthathadbeenknownfordecadescameintotheirown,andbigcompanieswith9toenormousamountsofdatawerereadytobenefit.Thefinaladvance,whichbeganonlyaboutfiveyearsago,camewiththearrivalofdeeplearningthroughdigitalneuralnetworks(DNNS).Theseareoftenclaimedtohavequalitiessimilartothoseofthe10:“neurons”areconnectedinsoftware,andconnectionscanbecomestrongerorweakerintheprocessoflearning.11,NilsLenke,headofresearchforalanguagetechnologycompany,explainsmatter-of-factlythat“DNNsarejustanotherkindofmathematicalmodel,”the12ofwhichhadalreadybeenunderstoodfordecades.Whatchangedwasthehardwarebeingused.Almostbychance,DNNresearchersdiscoveredthatthegraphicalprocessingunits(GPUs)13toproducegraphicsinapplicationslikevideogameswerealsobrilliantathandlingneuralnetworks.Thetechniquehasalreadyproducedbigleapsinqualityforallkindsofdeeplearning,includingdecodinghandwriting,recognizingfacesandclassifyingimages.Nowtheyarehelpingtoimproveallmanneroflanguagetechnologies,oftenbringingenhancementsofupto30%.Thathasshiftedlanguagetechnologiesfrombeing14inapinchtobeingreallyrathergood.Butsofarnoonehasquite15whatwillmoveitforwardfrombeingmerelygoodtoreliablygreat.1．A．buried B．engaged C．a(chǎn)bsorbed D．stuck2．A．essence B．persuasion C．origin D．practice3．A．consideration B．thought C．promise D．exposure4．A．laidoff B．laggedbehind C．brokedown D．diedout5．A．experimental B．statistical C．financial D．instructional6．A．What’smore B．Inotherwords C．Forexample D．Bycontrast7．A．sense B．deal C．effort D．guess8．A．cameintobeing B．borefruit C．tookeffect D．caughtup9．A．permission B．license C．a(chǎn)ccess D．reference10．A．humanbrain B．informationtechC．computerprogram D．a(chǎn)rtificialintelligence11．A．Therefore B．However C．Likewise D．Indeed12．A．meaning B．quality C．purpose D．basis13．A．a(chǎn)dapted B．used C．claimed D．suited14．A．changeable B．liable C．desirable D．usable15．A．putout B．workedout C．watchedout D．pointedout【答案】1．D2．C3．C4．C5．B6．C7．D8．B9．C10．A11．B12．D13．B14．D15．B【語篇分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了語言技術(shù)通過不斷的發(fā)展變得越來越優(yōu)秀?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：許多語言技術(shù)的早期方法——尤其是翻譯——陷入了一個概念上的死胡同：基于規(guī)則的方法。A.buried埋葬；B.engaged卷入；C.absorbed吸收；D.stuck釘住。getstuck被困住。根據(jù)“inaconceptualdeadend”可知，早期的語言技術(shù)陷入了概念上的死胡同。故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在翻譯中，這意味著試圖編寫規(guī)則來分析原文中的句子，將其分解為一種抽象的“中介語”，并根據(jù)譯入語的規(guī)則重新構(gòu)建。A.essence本質(zhì)；B.persuasion說服；C.origin起源；D.practice練習(xí)。根據(jù)“andrebuildingitaccordingtotherulesofthetargetlanguage.”可知，這里指基于規(guī)則的方法，首先來分析原文中的句子。故選C。【3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些方法顯示出了早期的前途。A.consideration考慮；B.thought想法；C.promise前途；有希望；D.exposure暴露。根據(jù)“Butlanguageisfullofambiguitiesandexceptions,sosuchsystemswerehugelycomplicatedandeasily____4____whentestedonsentencesbeyondthesimplesettheyhadbeendesignedfor.”可知，基于規(guī)則的方法在初期還是有前途的。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：但是語言中充滿了歧義和異常，所以這樣的系統(tǒng)非常復(fù)雜，當(dāng)測試的句子超出了它們設(shè)計的簡單集合時，很容易崩潰。A.laidoff解雇；B.laggedbehind落后；C.brokedown分解；崩潰；D.diedout滅絕。根據(jù)“whentestedonsentencesbeyondthesimplesettheyhadbeendesignedfor.”可知，這里指基于規(guī)則的方法的缺陷，使得測試的句子超出了它們設(shè)計的簡單集合時會容易崩潰。故選C。【5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾乎所有的語言技術(shù)都開始隨著統(tǒng)計方法的應(yīng)用而變得更好，統(tǒng)計方法通常被稱為“蠻力”方法。A.experimental實驗的；B.statistical統(tǒng)計的；C.financial金融的；D.instructional指導(dǎo)的。根據(jù)“Thisreliesonsoftwarescanningvastamountsofdata,lookingforpatternsandlearningfromprecedent.”可知，這里是運用統(tǒng)計方法使得語言技術(shù)變得更好。故選B。【6題詳解】考查短語詞義辨析。句意：例如，在解析語言(將其分解成語法成分)時，軟件從已經(jīng)被人類解析過的大量文本中學(xué)習(xí)。A.What’smore另外；B.Inotherwords換句話說；C.Forexample例如；D.Bycontrast相反。根據(jù)“inparsinglanguage(breakingitdownintoitsgrammaticalcomponents),thesoftwarelearnsfromlargebodiesoftextthathavealreadybeenparsedbyhumans.”可知，這里是從先例中學(xué)習(xí)所舉的例子。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它利用自己所學(xué)到的知識，對之前未見過的文本做出最佳猜測。A.sense感覺；B.deal交易；C.effort努力；D.guess猜。根據(jù)“aboutapreviouslyunseentext.”可知，軟件利用自己所學(xué)到的知識對未見過的文本進行最佳猜測。故選D。【8題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：由于處理器的能力不斷增強，數(shù)據(jù)存儲價格不斷下降，最重要的是，可用數(shù)據(jù)的爆炸式增長，這種方法最終取得了成果。A.cameintobeing存在；B.borefruit結(jié)果實；C.tookeffect生效；起作用；D.caughtup趕上。根據(jù)“Thankstothegrowingpowerofprocessors,fallingpricesfordatastorageand,mostcrucially,theexplosioninavailabledata,”可知，隨著發(fā)展，統(tǒng)計方法最終取得了豐碩的成果。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾十年來眾所周知的數(shù)學(xué)技術(shù)開始發(fā)揮自己的作用，能夠獲取大量數(shù)據(jù)的大公司隨時準(zhǔn)備從中受益。A.permission允許；B.license許可證；C.access入口；接觸；D.reference參考。根據(jù)“Mathematicaltechniquesthathadbeenknownfordecadescameintotheirown,”可知，數(shù)學(xué)技術(shù)的運用，大公司能夠獲取大量的數(shù)據(jù)。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些神經(jīng)元通常被認(rèn)為具有與人類大腦相似的特性：“神經(jīng)元”通過軟件連接，在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，這種連接會變得更強或更弱。A.humanbrain人腦；B.informationtechnology信息技術(shù)；C.computerprogramming計算機程序設(shè)計；D.artificialintelligence人工智能。根據(jù)““neurons”areconnectedinsoftware,andconnectionscanbecomestrongerorweakerintheprocessoflearning.”可知，神經(jīng)元具有與人類大腦相似的特性。故選A。【11題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，一家語言技術(shù)公司的研究主管尼爾斯·倫克實事求是地解釋說，“DNN只是另一種數(shù)學(xué)模型”，其基礎(chǔ)已經(jīng)被人們理解了幾十年。改變的是使用的硬件。A.Therefore因此；B.However然而；C.Likewise同樣地；D.Indeed的確。根據(jù)“NilsLenke,headofresearchforalanguagetechnologycompany,explainsmatter-of-factlythat“DNNsarejustanotherkindofmathematicalmodel,”the____12____ofwhichhadalreadybeenunderstoodfordecades.”可知，前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，一家語言技術(shù)公司的研究主管尼爾斯·倫克實事求是地解釋說，“DNN只是另一種數(shù)學(xué)模型”，其基礎(chǔ)已經(jīng)被人們理解了幾十年。改變的是使用的硬件。A.meaning意義；B.quality質(zhì)量；C.purpose目的；D.basis基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)“DNNsarejustanotherkindofmathematicalmodel,”可知，這里指的是DNN這種數(shù)學(xué)模型的基礎(chǔ)。故選D。【13題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾乎是偶然的是，DNN的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，用于在視頻游戲等應(yīng)用程序中生成圖形的圖形處理單元(GPU)在處理神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面也很出色。A.adapted適應(yīng)；B.used使用；C.claimed宣稱；D.suited適合。根據(jù)“thegraphicalprocessingunits(GPUs)”可知，這里指圖形處理單元(GPU)在視頻游戲等應(yīng)用程序中的使用。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這使得語言技術(shù)從必要時可用轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄喈?dāng)好的。A.changeable易變的；B.liable有義務(wù)的；C.desirable有吸引力的；D.usable可用的。這里指語言技術(shù)從可用的變得相當(dāng)好。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：但到目前為止，還沒有人完全弄清楚，是什么讓它從“僅僅好”變成“可靠的偉大”。A.putout撲滅；B.workedout鍛煉；可以解決；想出；C.watchedout當(dāng)心；D.pointedout指出。根據(jù)“whatwillmoveitforwardfrombeingmerelygoodtoreliablygreat.”可知，沒有人弄清楚語言技術(shù)發(fā)展得如此的迅速。故選B。Ⅲ.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Scientistsandengineers1(prepare)forpossibletravelintointerstellarspace,theareainbetweenstars,inthedistantfuture.Expertsbelieveitwilllikelytakemanyyearsbeforethetechnologyandequipmentaredeveloped2(send)humanstothisunexploredareaofspace.Butifitdoeshappen,massivespaceships3carryhumansonlongtripstodistantstars.TwoAmericanresearchers,AndrewMcKenziefromtheUniversityofKansasandJeffreyPunskeofSouthernIllinoisUniversity,haveexploredonepossibleproblemwithsuchtravel.Theyconsideredthepossibility4changesinhumanlanguagecoulddevelopovertime,thus5(cause)majorcommunicationproblemswithpeopleonEarth.Languagesnaturallychangesascommunitiesgrowmoreisolatedfromeachother,theresearchersnotedinthepaper.Thelongisolationofacommunitycouldleadtoenoughdifferencesinlanguagetomake6impossibleforcommunitymembersbackhometounderstand.Theresearchersnotedthatinadditiontonewwordsbeingused,thelanguageofpeopletravelingonspaceshipsandlivingincolonies7(experience)manyotherchanges.Forexample,thesoundsofdifferentletterswouldlikelychangeovertime,affectingnotonlyindividualwords,butthewholegrammaticalsystem.Theresearcherssayonepossiblesolutionto8(limit)communicationproblemswouldbetoincludelanguageexpertsonspaceshipcrews.Anothersuggestionistousesignlanguageasaformofcommunication.McKenzieaddedthatspacetravelersmightquestionwhetheritisevenworthtryingtolearnhowtocommunicatewithpeopleonEarth.Buthebelievestherewillalwaysbeaneed,even9itisverylimited."YouhavetolearnalittleEarthEnglishtosendmessagesback,ortoreadtheinstructionmanualsandinformation10camewiththeship,"hesaid.【答案】1．a(chǎn)repreparing/havebeenpreparing2．tosend3．can4．that5．causing6．it7.wouldexperience8．limiting9．if/though10．that/which【語篇分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家和工程師們正在為可能在遙遠(yuǎn)的未來進入星際空間做準(zhǔn)備，并討論了將來星際旅行后的語言交流問題?！?題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：科學(xué)家和工程師們正/一直在為可能在遙遠(yuǎn)的將來進入星際空間，即恒星之間的區(qū)域，做準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)句意可知句子時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在進行時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時，主語Scientistsandengineers是復(fù)數(shù)，系動詞用are（助動詞用have）。故填arepreparing或havebeenpreparing?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：專家們相信，這項技術(shù)和設(shè)備可能需要很多年才能開發(fā)出來，將人類送入這一未經(jīng)探索的太空領(lǐng)域。分析句子可知本句使用句型ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(做某事花費某人多長時間)。故填tosend。【3題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：但如果真的發(fā)生了，巨大的宇宙飛船可以載著人類到遙遠(yuǎn)的星球進行長途旅行。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)該使用情態(tài)動詞can，表示可能性。故填can?！?題詳解】考查同位語從句。句意：他們考慮到人類語言的變化可能會隨著時間的推移而發(fā)展，從而導(dǎo)致與地球上的人的主要溝通問題。分析句子可知空格處引導(dǎo)possibility的同位語從句，從句中結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺少成分，無意義，用that引導(dǎo)。故填that?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們考慮到人類語言的變化可能會隨著時間的推移而發(fā)展，從而導(dǎo)致與地球上的人的主要溝通問題。分析句子可知，空格處用現(xiàn)在分詞表示順其自然的結(jié)果。故填causing?！?題詳解】考查it作形式賓語。句意：一個社區(qū)長期孤立可能會導(dǎo)致語言上的差異，使家鄉(xiāng)的社區(qū)成員無法理解。分析句子成分可知在動詞make之后用it作形式賓語，動詞不定式是真正的賓語。故填it?！?題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：研究人員指出，除了使用新詞外，乘坐宇宙飛船和居住在殖民地的人們的語言還會經(jīng)歷許多其他變化。根據(jù)主句謂語動詞noted可知賓語從句應(yīng)該使用某種過去時態(tài)?？崭裉幈硎具^去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用過去將來時。故填wouldexperience?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：研究人員說，限制交流問題的一個可能的解決辦法是將語言專家包括在宇宙飛船乘員中。根據(jù)空格前的solutionto…，意為：……的解決辦法，to是介詞，用動名詞作賓語。故填limiting。【9題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：但他相信，即使需求非常有限，也總會有需求的。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)該使用固定搭配evenif/though，意為：即使。故填if或though?！?0題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他說：“你必須學(xué)習(xí)一點地球英語才能發(fā)回信息，或者閱讀飛船附帶的說明書和信息?！?。空格處引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞theinstructionmanualsandinformation，且在從句中作主語，指物，應(yīng)用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that或which。Ⅳ.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。EthanKaticieofEdmonton,Canada,hasalwaysdreamedof-becomingafirefighter.Recently,the18-year-oldgotatasteofwhatitreallyfeelsliketosavelives!ItallstartedwhenEthan’stwofriends.RykenGlewandJacksonBrownwhocalledupEthananddecidedtoplaybasketballthatday,wereheadingtoalocalbasketballcourt.TheylookedupandsawsmokepouringfromtheCitadelMewsWestNursingHome.Insteadofsimplylookingatthedisaster-in-progresstakingpicturesorrecordingvideos,theteens,whoareboth17.rushedtothehometoseeiftheycouldhelp.“Weknewthatthe,elderlypeopleweregoingtostruggletogetout,”Jacksonsaid.Thebraveteensmetthestaffmembersattheentrancewhotoldthemthattherewerestillresidentsinsidethebuilding.Learningthis,theydidn’thesitatetogoinafterthem.Thinkingnothingoftheirownsafety,theyranuptothefourthfloorandbegantosystematicallyemptytherooms.“Webangedonthedoor,shoutingaloud,‘There’safire!There’safire!Everyoneneedstogetoutquickly,’”Jacksonrecalled.“Afterthatwewouldopenthedoorandtakeaquicklookthroughtomakesurenoonewasthereandgotothenextdoor.”Smokebegantofillthehallways,andtheroofwassoonfullyengulfed（淹沒）inflames.Attimes,theywouldopenadoortofindaroomonfire,buttheyweresofocusedonrescuingeveryonethattheydidn’thavetimetobeafraid.Rykensaidtheyonlywantedtogetpeopleout“ascalmlyaspossible”andmakesuretheyknockedoneverydoor.“Wedidourbestandthatwasallwecoulddo,”hesaid.Jacksonadded.“TheonlythingthatwasgoingthroughmymindwaswhatifImissedsomeoneandtheywerestuckintheburningbuilding.”注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Para.1Ethanarrivedatthesceneshortlyafterhisfriendsdid.__