四川省成都市列五中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語(yǔ)試題2

高三英語(yǔ)第I卷(共80分)第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從試題所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，共7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthemandofirst?A.Learnmoreaboutprices.B.Findasupplier.C.Doreports.2.Whenwillthemeetingbeheld?A.At11:30.B.At12:00.C.At1:00.3.Whyisthewomanleavingworkearly?A.Totakecareofhermother.B.Topostapackage.C.Topickupacar.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingaboutingeneral?A.Atrip.B.Food.C.Theweather.5.Whatrelationisthemantothewoman?A.Hercustomer.B.Hercoworker.C.Herboss.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatwillthewomandoonSaturdayafternoon?A.Doherhomework.B.Enjoyaconcert.C.Watchagame.7.WherewillthewomangoonSunday?A.Toapark.B.Toahospital.C.Totheman’shouse.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatisthewoman’sopinionabouttheputerscreen?A.Big.B.Nice.C.Stylish.9.Whatbringsthemanabitoftrouble?A.Thescreen.B.Thekeyboard.C.Themouse.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthepurposeofthecall?A.Toacceptaposition.B.Toadvertiseajobopening.C.Tocheckonajobapplication.11.Forwhatdayistheman’sappointmentscheduled?A.Tuesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.12.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Callherlater.B.MeetwithVictoriaSmith.C.Waitatthefrontdesk.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whichcitydoesthemanbookashuttlebusfor?A.London.B.Milton.C.Toronto.14.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Takingtheman’sinformation.B.Offeringtheflighttimetable.C.Conductinganinterview.15.WhenwillthemanprobablyleaveforMilton?A.At11:30.B.At12:00.C.At12:30.16.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Havesomecoffee.B.Collecthisluggagefirst.C.Bookhisreturnticketinadvance.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhydidFaginetothespeaker?A.Torentherhouse.B.Tobuyherhouse.C.Todecorateherhouse.18.WhywasthespeakerhesitantaboutFagin’soffer?A.Shedislikedhim.B.Themoneywasnotmuch.C.They’ddamagesomeofherbelongings.19.Howlongdidittaketopreparethehouseforthefilm?A.Fourdays.B.Amonth. C.Twomonths.20.Whatdidthespeakerdowhenthecrewleft?A.Shewatchedafilm.B.Shevisitedherrelatives.C.Sherepaintedthelivingroom.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。(共15小題;每小題2.5分，共37.5分)ALonelyPlanet’sTopPlacestoGoin2024Areyoulookingforinspirationforyournexttraveldestination?LonelyPlanethaspublisheditsyearlylistoftopplacestogo.Whetheryou’relookingforadventure,culture,orvalue,there’ssomethingforeverytypeoftraveler.Let’sexplorethetoppicksfortraveldestinationsin2024.TopCity:NairobiNairobi,theKenyancapital,waschosenforitsuniquemusicanddanceculture,andimpressivelocalrestaurants.NairobiNationalPark,justashortdriveoutofthecity’scentralbusinessdistrict,isamustsee,wherevisitorscanseeover400specieswanderingtheopengrassplainswhileskyscraperstwinkleonthehorizon.TopSustainableTravelDestination:SpainThepublisheralsoremendedSpainforthecountry’seffortstoexpandrenewableenergy,todevelopoffseasontravel,andtobringtourismtonewdestinations,suchastheportcityofValencia,easingpressuresonhotspotssuchasBarcelona.TopBestValueLocation:TheAmericanMidwestTheAmericanMidwest,includingthecitiesofChicagoandDetroit,isalsoonthelist,asitoffersahighqualitytravelexperienceatareasonablecost.Visitorscanenjoyexcellentservicesandfacilities,suchasoldwarehousestransformedintoartstudios,newecodesignhotels,andMichelinstarredrestaurants,withouthavingtospendtoomuchmoney.TopBeachDestination:DonegalDonegal,Ireland’smostnorthwesterncounty,hasthecountry’slongestcoastlineandover100beaches,wherevisitorscanenjoythehighestseacliffsinEuropeandmilesofbeautifulcoastalhikingtrails.1.WhatcanpeopledoinNairobiNationalPark?A.Enjoyadventureactivities. B.Tastelocaldeliciousdishes.C.Seevariouswildanimals. D.Observeexcellentfacilities.2.WhyisTheAmericanMidwestconsideredtobetheBestValueLocation?A.Ithassimplifiedentryprocedures. B.Itofferscosteffectiveexperiences.C.Itbinesartwithnaturalscenery. D.Itprovidesgoodtransportationservices.3.Wherecanwereadthepassage?A.Inatravelguide B.InthesciencefictionC.Inahistorybook D.Inasportsmagazine【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文簡(jiǎn)單介紹了孤獨(dú)星球（LonelyPlanet）公布的2024年旅行目的地榜單，包括最佳城市內(nèi)羅畢、最佳可持續(xù)旅游目的地西班牙、最具性價(jià)比旅游地美國(guó)中西部以及最佳海灘目的地多尼戈?duì)??！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TopCity:Nairobi部分中“NairobiNationalPark,justashortdriveoutofthecity’scentralbusinessdistrict,isamustsee,wherevisitorscanseeover400specieswanderingtheopengrassplainswhileskyscraperstwinkleonthehorizon.(內(nèi)羅畢國(guó)家公園，距離市中心商業(yè)區(qū)只有很短的車程，是必看之地，游客可以在這里看到400多種動(dòng)物在開闊的草原上漫步，而遠(yuǎn)處天際線的高樓大廈在閃閃發(fā)光。)”可知，人們可以在內(nèi)羅畢國(guó)家公園看到各種各樣的野生動(dòng)物。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TopBestValueLocation:TheAmericanMidwest部分中“TheAmericanMidwest,includingthecitiesofChicagoandDetroit,isalsoonthelist,asitoffersahighqualitytravelexperienceatareasonablecost.(美國(guó)中西部，包括芝加哥和底特律等城市，也在這個(gè)名單上，因?yàn)樗院侠淼膬r(jià)格提供了高質(zhì)量的旅游體驗(yàn)。)”可知，美國(guó)中西部被認(rèn)為是性價(jià)比最高的旅游地點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗峁┝私?jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的旅游體驗(yàn)。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀文章，本文簡(jiǎn)單介紹了孤獨(dú)星球（LonelyPlanet）公布的2024年旅行目的地榜單，包括最佳城市內(nèi)羅畢、最佳可持續(xù)旅游目的地西班牙、最具性價(jià)比旅游地美國(guó)中西部以及最佳海灘目的地多尼戈?duì)?。因此，這篇文章的內(nèi)容與旅游相關(guān)，最有可能出現(xiàn)在旅游指南中。故選A。BInfluencedbyfactorslikeschoolfunding,sportsfacilities,teacherresourcesandsafetyconcems,traditionalphysicaleducationwaslimitedtostatic(靜態(tài)的)scenesandclosedgymsandplaygrounds,whichlackedinteractionandfeedbackfunctions.PEcuriculumwasalsorestrictedtobasicsportslikeballgames,trackandfieldandgymnastics.However,theemergenceandapplicationofnewtechnologieslikevirtualreality(VR),3Dtechnology,greatlyexpandandinnovatesportsscenes,providingpossibilitiesfortheconstructionofaflexible“onsite,oncampus,online”integratednewsportsworld.ITcanbuildonlinevirtuallearningenvironmentsforstudents,creatingteachingsceneshardtoachieveinphysicalworld.Manyschoolshavealreadypartneredwithtechnologypaniestocreatedifferentteachingscenesusingdigitalsportsproducts.TheUniversityofSouthFloridahascooperatedwiththeVRsportstrainingpanySenseArena,allowingstudentstopracticetennisonitsgloballypioneeringVRtennistrainingplatform.StudentsusetheMetaQuest2headsetandVRtouchingracket(球拍)whichimitatestheweightandfeelofarealtennisracket.Theplatformfeatures35trainingmodesimitatingvariousscenesinreallifetennismatches,includingcrowdnoise,dazzlingsunlight,shadowsandwind.Athletescanengageinvariousformsoftraining,suchasskillpractice,technicalanalysisandmatchimitation.SuchvirtualsportsteachingspacefurtherenhancestheexperienceofPElearning.Technologybasedphysicaleducationnotonlyservesordinarystudents’physicalhealthbutalsoaddressestheneedsofspecialgroupsinsports,especiallystudentswhocannotparticipateinregularPEclassesduetophysical,psychologicalorsocialadaptationissues.Manyschoolsofferspecializedsportsprogramstodisabledstudents,likethe“PathwaystoInclusion”programlaunchedbytheUniversityofQueensland,whichtailorsvarioussportsactivitiestodifferentdisabilities,suchasblindfootballandwheelchairhockey.Thisismadepossiblewiththesupportofsportstechnology,asdifferentsymptomsrequiretheuseofdifferentsportsequipment.Throughscientific,healthyandjoyfuleducationalconcepts,technologyempoweredPEclassesconveythevaluesofcreatingandenjoyingapersonalizedexperience,developingasportseducationwhereeveryoneparticipatesandbenefits.4.HowdonewtechnologieschangetraditionalPEclassaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Byinvestingmoreinbasicsports.B.Bybiningitwithacademicstudy.C.BymakingdynamicPEclasspossible.D.ByreplacingPEteacherswithAIteachers.5.WhichofthefollowingservicescanSenseArenaprovide?A.Reallifetennismatches. B.Virtualheadsetsandrackets.C.Imitativedistractingconditions. D.Sufficientsportsspaceoncampus.6.Whatdoes“PathwaystoInclusion”programfeature?A.Professionalknowledgeaboutpsychology.B.Technologyassistedsportsforthedisabled.C.Interactiveactivitieswithordinarystudents.D.Personalizedmedicaltreatmentfordisabilities.7.Whatistheauthor’swritingpurposeofthetext?A.ToadvertiseanewVRproduct.B.Toraisepublicawarenessofphysicaleducation.C.Tostresstheimportanceofequalityamongstudents.D.TointroduceanewapplicationoftechnologyinPEclass.【答案】4.C5.C6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了體育課上引入的一種新的技術(shù)應(yīng)用?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Influencedbyfactorslikeschoolfunding,sportsfacilities,teacherresourcesandsafetyconcems,traditionalphysicaleducationwaslimitedtostatic(靜態(tài)的)scenesandclosedgymsandplaygrounds,whichlackedinteractionandfeedbackfunctions.(受學(xué)校經(jīng)費(fèi)、體育設(shè)施、教師資源、安全等因素的影響，傳統(tǒng)的體育教育僅限于靜態(tài)場(chǎng)景和封閉的體育館、操場(chǎng)，缺乏互動(dòng)和反饋功能)”和“However,theemergenceandapplicationofnewtechnologieslikevirtualreality(VR),3Dtechnology,greatlyexpandandinnovatesportsscenes,providingpossibilitiesfortheconstructionofaflexible‘onsite,oncampus,online’integratednewsportsworld.(然而，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)(VR)、3D技術(shù)等新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)和應(yīng)用，極大地拓展和創(chuàng)新了體育場(chǎng)景，為構(gòu)建靈活的‘現(xiàn)場(chǎng)、校園、在線’一體化新體育世界提供了可能)”可知，新技術(shù)使動(dòng)態(tài)體育課成為可能。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theplatformfeatures35trainingmodesimitatingvariousscenesinreallifetennismatches,includingcrowdnoise,dazzlingsunlight,shadowsandwind.(該平臺(tái)擁有35種訓(xùn)練模式，模擬現(xiàn)實(shí)網(wǎng)球比賽中的各種場(chǎng)景，包括人群噪音、耀眼的陽(yáng)光、陰影和風(fēng))”可知，SenseArena可以提供模仿分散注意力的條件。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Manyschoolsofferspecializedsportsprogramstodisabledstudents,likethe“PathwaystoInclusion”programlaunchedbytheUniversityofQueensland,whichtailorsvarioussportsactivitiestodifferentdisabilities,suchasblindfootballandwheelchairhockey.(許多學(xué)校為殘疾學(xué)生提供專門的體育項(xiàng)目，如昆士蘭大學(xué)推出的‘PathwaystoInclusion’項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目為不同的殘疾學(xué)生量身定制各種體育活動(dòng)，如盲人足球和輪椅曲棍球)”可知，“PathwaystoInclusion”項(xiàng)目的特色是為殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行技術(shù)輔助。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“However,theemergenceandapplicationofnewtechnologieslikevirtualreality(VR),3Dtechnology,greatlyexpandandinnovatesportsscenes,providingpossibilitiesfortheconstructionofaflexible‘onsite,oncampus,online’integratednewsportsworld.(然而，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)(VR)、3D技術(shù)等新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)和應(yīng)用，極大地拓展和創(chuàng)新了體育場(chǎng)景，為構(gòu)建靈活的‘現(xiàn)場(chǎng)、校園、在線’一體化新體育世界提供了可能)”可知，作者的寫作目的是介紹體育課上引入的一種新的技術(shù)應(yīng)用。故選D項(xiàng)。CBehonest:howoftendoesyoursocialmediascrollingleadtoshopping?AndhowmanyofthosethingsthatTikTokmadeyoubuydidyouactuallyneed?Enterdeinfluencing,theTikToktrendaimingtosaveourbankbalancesintheprocess.DeinfluencingistheTikToktrendwithhundredsofmillionsofviewsthat’schallengingthepromotionaroundsocalledpopularproductsbytellingyouwhatyoushouldn’tbuy,insteadofwhatyoushould.It’saresponsetoafewdifferentthings,includingageneralfeelingofoverconsumptionandthecostoflivingcrisis.“Peopleareexperiencingageneralsocialmediafatigue(厭倦)atthemoment,”saysmakeupartistandbeautycontentcreatorRoseGallagher.“Originally,usergeneratedcontentwassopopularbecausepeopletendedtosharethoughtsonthingsthattheyhadpurchasedthemselveswithnorealconnectiontothebrand.Now,withsomuchtobegainedfromgivingapositivereview,ithasbeehardertotellthegenuinereviewsfromthoseinfluencedbythepotentialforearning.”Howisdeinfluencingdifferentfrominfluencing?Itsoundsprogressive,butonceyouscratchthesurface,thereisn’tahugedifferencebetweeninfluencinganddeinfluencing.“It’sstillinfluencingbutit’stellingpeoplewhatnottobuy,”saysKendall.WhileTikTokersmaybewarningconsumersawayfromexpensiveorwellknownproducts,somecontinuetoinfluencebytellingconsumerswhattheyshouldbuyinstead.Beinghonestandauthentichasthepotentialtopayoff,too.Whilecriticizingbigbrandsmayreduceaninfluencer’schancesoflandinganewdealintheshortterm,italsomayincreasetheirlongtermreachastheygainareputationforbeingtrustworthy.Sparkingdebatesoverwhetheraproductworksornotcanalsodrivesalesforbrands,asconsumersrespondbywantingtotryitforthemselves.Whatisdifferentaboutdeinfluencingisencouragingconsumerstotakeamomenttothinkaboutwhethertheyneedaproductandwhetherit’srightforthemversuswhetherthey’resimplybeinginfluencedbecauseit’snew,popular,orexciting.Thisispartofabiggermovementinbeauty.8.Whydoestheauthorposethetwoquestionsinparagraph1?A.Totestreaders’honesty. B.Topresentpeople’sdoubts.CTointroducethetopicofthepassage. D.Togiveawarningagainstsocialmedia.9.Accordingtothepassage,whichisNOTafactorthatcausesdeinfluencing?A.Anoverallfeelingofoverconsumption. B.Thehighcostofthetoughmodernlife.C.Theincreasingnumberofgenuinereviews. D.People’sbehaviourofbuyingmorethanneeded.10.Inwhatwayisdeinfluencingsimilartoinfluencingaccordingtotheauthor?A.Stayinghonestandauthenticinfaceofprofits.B.Guidingconsumers’decisionsonpurchasing.C.Warningconsumersawayfromexpensiveproducts.D.Leadingcustomerstotryproductsbysparkingdebates.11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Deinfluencingistotallydifferentfrominfluencing.B.Deinfluencingfacilitatesoverconsumptionandthecostoflivingcrisis.C.Don’tbeinfluencedbynewandpopularproductstosaveourbankbalances.D.Deinfluencinghelpscustomersbehonestandauthentictotheirpurchases.【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要針對(duì)TikTok上產(chǎn)品推廣引發(fā)的消費(fèi)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了深入分析和討論，提出了“反影響（deinfluencing）”這一新興趨勢(shì)，并對(duì)其背后的原因、影響以及未來趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了探討?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Behonest:howoftendoesyoursocialmediascrollingleadtoshopping?AndhowmanyofthosethingsthatTikTokmadeyoubuydidyouactuallyneed?Enterdeinfluencing,theTikToktrendaimingtosaveourbankbalancesintheprocess.(說實(shí)話：你瀏覽社交媒體的頻率是多少？抖音讓你買的東西中有多少是你真正需要的？在這個(gè)過程中，TikTok的“去影響力”趨勢(shì)旨在挽救我們的銀行余額。)”可知，第一段提出兩個(gè)問題的目的是引出文章的主題，即抖音的“去影響力”趨勢(shì)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AndhowmanyofthosethingsthatTikTokmadeyoubuydidyouactuallyneed?(抖音讓你買的東西中有多少是你真正需要的？)”；第二段中“It’saresponsetoafewdifferentthings,includingageneralfeelingofoverconsumptionandthecostoflivingcrisis.(這是對(duì)一些不同事情的反應(yīng)，包括過度消費(fèi)和生活成本危機(jī)的普遍感覺)”以及第三段中“Originally,usergeneratedcontentwassopopularbecausepeopletendedtosharethoughtsonthingsthattheyhadpurchasedthemselveswithnorealconnectiontothebrand.Now,withsomuchtobegainedfromgivingapositivereview,ithasbeehardertotellthegenuinereviewsfromthoseinfluencedbythepotentialforearning.(最初，用戶生成內(nèi)容之所以如此受歡迎，是因?yàn)槿藗儍A向于分享他們自己購(gòu)買的東西，而與品牌沒有真正的聯(lián)系?，F(xiàn)在，由于給予積極的評(píng)價(jià)會(huì)讓你收獲良多，要區(qū)分真實(shí)的評(píng)價(jià)和受潛在收入影響的評(píng)價(jià)變得越來越難了)”可知，導(dǎo)致去影響力的因素有過度消費(fèi)的整體感覺、現(xiàn)代生活的高成本以及們購(gòu)買超出需求的行為，越來越多的真實(shí)評(píng)論不是造成去影響力的因素。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“It’sstillinfluencebutit’stellingpeoplewhatnottobuy(它仍然有影響力，但它告訴人們不要買什么)”和“WhileTikTokersmaybewarningconsumersawayfromexpensiveorwellknownproducts,somecontinuetoinfluencebytellingconsumerswhattheyshouldbuyinstead.(雖然TikTokers可能在警告消費(fèi)者遠(yuǎn)離昂貴或知名的產(chǎn)品，但一些人繼續(xù)通過告訴消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該買什么來影響消費(fèi)者)”可知，去影響與影響在引導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買決策方面是相似的。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“DeinfluencingistheTikToktrendwithhundredsofmillionsofviewsthat’schallengingthepromotionaroundsocalledpopularproductsbytellingyouwhatyoushouldn’tbuy,insteadofwhatyoushould.It’saresponsetoafewdifferentthings,includingageneralfeelingofoverconsumptionandthecostoflivingcrisis.(“去影響”是TikTok的一種趨勢(shì)，擁有數(shù)億的瀏覽量，它通過告訴你不應(yīng)該買什么，而不是你應(yīng)該買什么，來挑戰(zhàn)圍繞所謂熱門產(chǎn)品的推廣。這是對(duì)一些不同事情的反應(yīng)，包括過度消費(fèi)和生活成本危機(jī)的普遍感覺)”結(jié)合文章主要針對(duì)TikTok上產(chǎn)品推廣引發(fā)的消費(fèi)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了深入分析和討論，提出了“反影響（deinfluencing）”這一新興趨勢(shì)，并對(duì)其背后的原因、影響以及未來趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了探討?？芍?，這篇文章主要講了B.去影響助長(zhǎng)了過度消費(fèi)和生活成本危機(jī)。故選D。DAlthoughSirIsaacNewtondidnotemployhisreflectingtelescopetouncovernovelastronomicalphenomena,hediduseittopletelytransformhowweviewtheworldweliveinandtheuniverseasawhole.Reflectingtelescopesusemirrorstobendlightandenlargeimages,distinguishingthemfromrefractors(折射望遠(yuǎn)鏡)thatrelyonlenses.Theirsimplicityinconstructionandabilitytoachievemuchgreatersizesthanrefractorshaveledtoatransformationinourastronomicalknowledgeandourprehensionoftheuniverse.Aslightpassesthroughglass,variouscolorsorbandsarerefractedatvaryingangles,leadingtochromaticaberration(色差)andconsequently,distortedimageswhenviewedthroughalens.InthetimeofNewton,thetechnologyforproducingglassandlenseswasstillveryprimitive,andthechallengesassociatedwithchromaticaberrationhadnotbeenadequatelyaddressed.Todaywecanmakelensesthathavealmostnochromaticaberrationbutwecan’tmakethemverylarge.Asthesizeofalensincreasessignificantly,itbeesextremelyheavy,causingitsownweighttodistortthelensandconsequentlyruintheimagequality.Newton’stelescopesolvedtheseproblems.Amirrordoesn’tallowlighttopass.Itsimplybouncesallthelightoffthesurface.Thismeansthere’snochromaticaberration.Plus,becauseweonlyneedtobouncelightoffthesurface,wecansupporttheentiremirroronabase,reducingitsweight.Thisallowsustobuildmuchlargermirrorswithoutanydistortion.WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywithpredictingtheet’sorbit,whatNewtondiddowastieinmathematics,astronomyandourprehensionoftheuniversethroughtheuseofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory.TheoriginaltelescopeconstructedbyNewtonispreservedandmaintainedbytheRoyalSocietyofLondon.ItisshowcasedinLondonandoccasionallyembarksoninternationaltoursasanelementofexhibitions.12.WhatdoweknowaboutNewton’sreflectingtelescope?A.Ithasaplexstructure.B.Itreliesonmirrorsinsteadoflenses.C.Itcanmaketheimagesmallerthanarefractor.D.IthelpedNewtonuncovernovelastronomicalphenomena.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distorted”meaninParagraph3?A.Confused. B.Twisted. C.Evident. D.Vivid.14.WhatproblemsdidNewton’stelescopemanagetosolve?A.Issueswithimagequality. B.Restrictionsonthesize.C.Challengesoflensmaking. D.Limitsoflightpassingangles.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofmentioningGalileoandHalley?A.Tostateafact. B.Toraiseapoint.C.Toexplainaconcept. D.Tomakeaparison.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了牛頓發(fā)明的反射望遠(yuǎn)鏡使用鏡面而非透鏡來聚焦光線，避免了由于色差導(dǎo)致的圖像失真問題，提高了望遠(yuǎn)鏡的性能，使我們的天文學(xué)知識(shí)和對(duì)宇宙的理解發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Reflectingtelescopesusemirrorstobendlightandenlargeimages,distinguishingthemfromrefractors(折射望遠(yuǎn)鏡)thatrelyonlenses.(反射望遠(yuǎn)鏡使用鏡面來讓光線轉(zhuǎn)彎并放大圖像，將其與依靠透鏡的折射望遠(yuǎn)鏡區(qū)別開來)”可知，牛頓的反射望遠(yuǎn)鏡依靠鏡子而不是透鏡來工作。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Aslightpassesthroughglass,variouscolorsorbandsarerefractedatvaryingangles,leadingtochromaticaberration(色差)(當(dāng)光線穿過玻璃時(shí)，各種顏色或波段以不同的角度折射，導(dǎo)致色差)”和下文“imageswhenviewedthroughalens(通過鏡頭觀看的圖像)”可推知，色差會(huì)讓圖像扭曲失真，畫線詞意思應(yīng)該是“扭曲的”，與Twisted意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Newton’stelescopesolvedtheseproblems.Amirrordoesn’tallowlighttopass.Itsimplybouncesallthelightoffthesurface.Thismeansthere’snochromaticaberration.Plus,becauseweonlyneedtobouncelightoffthesurface,wecansupporttheentiremirroronabase,reducingitsweight.Thisallowsustobuildmuchlargermirrorswithoutanydistortion.(牛頓的望遠(yuǎn)鏡解決了這些問題。鏡子不允許光線通過。它只是把所有的光從表面反射回來。這意味著沒有色差。另外，因?yàn)槲覀冎恍枰獙⒐饩€從表面反射出去，我們可以將整個(gè)鏡子支撐在一個(gè)底座上，從而減輕了它的重量。這使我們能夠建立更大的鏡子沒有任何失真)”可知，牛頓的望遠(yuǎn)鏡成功解決了圖像因色差以及重量問題而質(zhì)量不佳的問題。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“WhileGalileoiscreditedwiththediscoveryofmoonsaroundJupiterandHalleywithpredictingtheet’sorbit,whatNewtondiddowastieinmathematics,astronomyandourprehensionoftheuniversethroughtheuseofhistelescopeandhisuniversalgravitationtheory.(伽利略發(fā)現(xiàn)了木星周圍的衛(wèi)星，哈雷預(yù)測(cè)了彗星的軌道，而牛頓所做的是通過使用他的望遠(yuǎn)鏡和萬(wàn)有引力理論，將數(shù)學(xué)、天文學(xué)和我們對(duì)宇宙的理解聯(lián)系在一起)”可知，與伽利略、哈雷相比，牛頓雖然沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)新的天文學(xué)現(xiàn)象，但是卻做到了將數(shù)學(xué)、天文學(xué)和人們對(duì)宇宙的理解聯(lián)系在一起。由此推知，作者提到伽利略、哈雷的目的是做比較。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Loudnoisecanbeverydamagingtoyourhearing,whetherit’saloudburstoryearsofexposure.Approximately15percentofadults18yearsofageorolderreportsometroublehearing.____16____Thegoodnewsisthattakingactionnowmayprotectyoufromhearinglosslaterinlife.Getabaselinehearingtest.Mostpeoplehaveneverhadahearingtest.____17____Atyournextphysical,askforahearingtestaspartofyourroutinecheckup.Ahearingtestgivesyouraudiologistabaselinethattheycanparewithfutureresultstomonitortheprogressionofhearingloss.____18____WhileyouarewatchingTVorusingmobiledevices,keepthevolumeatafortablelevel.Itshouldbeloudenoughtomakesureyoucanhearverywell,butnotsoloudthatwhenyouleavetheroom,youcanstillhearitfromanotherpartofyourhome.Wearprotectivehearingdevices.Thinkearprotectionbeforeyou’reexposedtoanynoisyenvironment,suchasrockconcertsorairports.Whenyouareinanoisyenvironment,wearprotectivehearingdevicessuchasearplugsorprotectiveearphones.____19____Haveproperearphones.Ifyouoftenlistentomusiconearphonesusingaportablemusicorvideodevice,it’sagoodideatohaveearphonesthatfittheuniqueshapeofyourearcanal,andblockoutsidenoise.____20____A.Theriskrisesasweage.B.Monitorthevolumeofyourdevices.C.However,itbenefitsyoutogoagainstthattrend.D.Meanwhile,youwillfindthesoundtrulysuperior.E.Youcanfindthematyourlocaldrugstoreormusicsupplyshop.F.Thinkaboutbuyingappliancesanddevicesthathavelownoiseratings.G.Youmustdosomethingtokeepagerelatedhearinglossfromgettingworse.【答案】16.A17.C18.B19.E20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了保護(hù)聽力的一些措施?！?6題詳解】前文“Loudnoisecanbeverydamagingtoyourhearing,whetherit’saloudburstoryearsofexposure.Approximately15percentofadults18yearsofageorolderreportsometroublehearing.(巨大的噪音會(huì)對(duì)你的聽力造成很大的傷害，無論是爆裂聲還是多年的暴露。大約15%的18歲或以上的成年人報(bào)告有聽力障礙)”表示巨大的噪音對(duì)我們的聽力造成損害，后文“Thegoodnewsisthattakingactionnowmayprotectyoufromhearinglosslaterinlife.(好消息是，現(xiàn)在采取行動(dòng)可能會(huì)保護(hù)你在以后的生活中免受聽力損失)”進(jìn)行邏輯轉(zhuǎn)折，表示這是可以預(yù)防的，A選項(xiàng)“隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也在上升”與前文描述聽力損失的現(xiàn)象一致，進(jìn)一步說明風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)隨著衰老而變大。故選A。【17題詳解】前文“Mostpeoplehaveneverhadahearingtest.(大多數(shù)人從未做過聽力測(cè)試)”表示大多數(shù)人從來沒有進(jìn)行聽力測(cè)試，且后文“Atyournextphysical,askforahearingtestaspartofyourroutinecheckup.(下次體檢時(shí)，要求做聽力測(cè)試，作為常規(guī)檢查的一部分)”同樣表明應(yīng)進(jìn)行聽力測(cè)試，C選項(xiàng)“然而，逆勢(shì)而行對(duì)你有好處”表示進(jìn)行聽力測(cè)試對(duì)自己有好處，承上啟下，與前文進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，引出下文。故選C?！?8題詳解】空處為本段小標(biāo)題，后文“WhileyouarewatchingTVorusingmobiledevices,keepthevolumeatafortablelevel.(當(dāng)你在看電視或使用移動(dòng)設(shè)備時(shí)，把音量保持在一個(gè)舒適的水平)”表示應(yīng)監(jiān)測(cè)音量大小來保護(hù)聽力，B選項(xiàng)“監(jiān)控設(shè)備的音量”可以概括全段主題。故選B。【19題詳解】前文“Whenyouareinanoisyenvironment,wearprotectivehearingdevicessuchasearplugsorprotectiveearphones.(當(dāng)您處于嘈雜的環(huán)境中時(shí)，請(qǐng)佩戴耳塞或防護(hù)耳機(jī)等聽力保護(hù)設(shè)備)”表示在嘈雜環(huán)境中應(yīng)佩戴耳塞或者耳機(jī)來保護(hù)耳朵，E選項(xiàng)“你可以在當(dāng)?shù)氐乃幍昊蛞魳酚闷返暾业剿鼈儭北硎救绾钨?gòu)買這些物品，them指代前一句中的hearingdevicessuchasearplugsorprotectiveearphones。故選E?！?0題詳解】前文“Ifyouoftenlistentomusiconearphonesusingaportablemusicorvideodevice,it’sagoodideatohaveearphonesthatfittheuniqueshapeofyourearcanal,andblockoutsidenoise.(如果你經(jīng)常使用便攜式音樂或視頻設(shè)備戴著耳機(jī)聽音樂，那么最好選擇適合你耳道獨(dú)特形狀的耳機(jī)，并能阻擋外界噪音)”表示應(yīng)選擇合適的耳機(jī)，D選項(xiàng)“與此同時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲音真的很優(yōu)越”表示選擇合適耳機(jī)的另外的好處，為前一句的補(bǔ)充說明。故選D。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Thepast10monthshasbeenthemostinfluentialmonthsofmylife.Asajunior,IleftmyfortablehomeinIllinoisand_____21_____goingtotheNavajoIndianReservationinArizona.ThereIattendedalocalpoorlyequippedschooland_____22_____foranadventure.Iexperiencedsomany_____23_____whenIarrived,fightingeachdayto_____24_____inanewsocialenvironment—overingracialdifferences,handlingsocial_____25_____...DuringthesummervacationI_____26_____tobeacounselor(顧問)atanEasterSealscampforpeoplewith_____27_____needswhorequireassistancebecauseofdisabilitiesandimprovetheirabilitytodothingsalone.ItwasthemosttiringworkI’deverexperiencedbutthemost_____28_____.IknewthatI’dhelpedimproveover850campers’_____29_____.Asthenewschoolyearbegan,ourdepartmenthadarenovation(翻新).Iofferedtohelpcleanupallthe_____30_____books.Insteadofrecyclinghundredsofthosebooks,I_____31_____thedepartmentthatthebookscouldserveahigher_____32_____.ThissimpleactresultedinanalloutbookdrivebenefitingtheschoolsinArizona.The10monthexperienceinArizona_____33_____megreatly.Itmademebeeapersonwithpatience,appreciation,determination,and_____34_____enthusiasm.Itrustthatitisthroughenthusiasm,ideasandactionthatallchangescan_____35_____.21.A.practised B.risked C.escaped D.considered22.A.settledon B.settledfor C.settledup D.settledin23.A.miracles B.pleasures C.blows D.burdens24.A.survive B.succeed C.recover D.return25.A.relationships B.munications C.conflicts D.responsibilities26.A.promises B.determined C.afforded D.learned27.A.essential B.normal C.special D.natural28.A.challenging B.rewarding C.demanding D.appealing29.A.patience B.independence C.intelligence D.confidence30.A.unturned B.invaluable C.unbeneficial D.unwanted31.A.reminded B.forted C.informed D.convinced32.A.attempt B.target C.purpose D.standard33.A.transformed B.enlightened C.educated D.impressed34.A.afterall B.aboveall C.atall D.inall35.A.work B.spread C.matter D.occur【答案】21B22.D23.C24.A25.C26.B27.C28.B29.B30.D31.D32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇夾敘夾議文。文章描述了作者在亞利桑那州的納瓦霍印第安人保留地的十個(gè)月的生活經(jīng)歷，這段經(jīng)歷改變了他，使他成為了一個(gè)有耐心、感恩心、決心和充滿熱情的人?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：大三時(shí)，我離開了伊利諾斯州舒適的家，冒險(xiǎn)去了亞利桑那州的納瓦霍印第安人保留地。A.practised練習(xí)；B.risked冒險(xiǎn)；C.escaped逃脫；D.considered考慮。根據(jù)句中的“l(fā)eftmyfortablehome”和下句“ThereIattendedalocalpoorlyequippedschooland2foranadventure.(在那里，我進(jìn)入了一所設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)陋的當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校，并進(jìn)行了一次冒險(xiǎn)。)”中的“adventure”可知，作者去亞利桑那州是冒著一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在那里，我上了一所設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)