英語五種基本句型ppt

1、英語的基本句型,蓬溪縣高中高三英語,五種基本句型,主語+不及物動詞 Everybody smiled. 2. 主語+及物動詞+賓語 He knows everything. 3. 主語+雙賓動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 I showed him my passport. 4. 主語+系動詞+表語 The boy looks healthy. 5. 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語 What made you angry?,祈使句的主語一般都省略掉,一 主語+不及物動詞,1.主語+不及物動詞 The sun is rising. Its snowing. Can you read?,2.主語+不及物動

2、詞+狀語 Did you sleep well? She often dreams. You go first and I will follow behind.,3. 主語+不及物動詞+副詞(構(gòu)成成語動詞) The engine broke down. How did the accident come about? The bomb blew up.,4.主語+不及物動詞(有被動意思) Is the book selling well? Does this cloth wash well?,這些句子有一個共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思，不需加賓語。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟

3、副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。,1. 太陽在明亮地照耀著。 2. 我們呼吸、吃和喝。 3. 他們談了半個小時。 4. 我們到的時候他們正在唱歌。 5. 這支筆書寫流利。,1. 太陽在明亮地照耀著。 The sun is shining brightly. 2. 我們呼吸、吃和喝。 We all breathe, eat and drink.,3. 他們談了半個小時。 They talked for half an hour. 4. 我們到的時候他們正在唱歌。 They were singing when we arrived. 5. 這支筆書寫流利。 The pen writes smoothl

4、y .,二 主語+及物動詞+賓語,1.主語+及物動詞+名詞(代詞) Do you know them? He loved ice-cream. What did he say?,2. 主語+及物動詞+反身代詞 Now I will introduce myself. They blamed themselves for the accident.,3.主語+及物動詞+同源賓語 He smiled a strange smile. As he slept, he dreamed a dream. 4.主語+成語動詞+賓語 He handed in his homework this mornin

5、g. They are looked down on by everyone. 5. 主語+及物動詞+不定式(做賓語) We cant afford to pay such a price. You must try to improve. He forgot which way to go.,6.主語+及物動詞+動名詞(做賓語) Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? I prefer standing. I propose resting for half an hour. 7.主語+及物動詞+從句 (做賓語) He claimed that h

6、e saw the accident. I suggested (that) we (should) leave early. Do you see why I did it? Can you tell which is which? She asked if she might call and see me. Ill do what I can. I dont remember when that happened.,這些句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。,1. 誰知道答案

7、? 2. 他喜歡看書。 3. 他說：“早上好！” 4. 我想喝杯茶 5. 他拒絕幫他們。 6. 他承認(rèn)犯了錯誤,1.誰知道答案? Who knows the answer? 2. 他喜歡看書。 He enjoys reading. 3. 他說：“早上好！” He said “Good morning.”,4. 我想喝杯茶 I want to have a cup of tea. 5. 他拒絕幫他們。 He has refused to help them. 6. 他承認(rèn)犯了錯誤 . He admits that he was mistaken.,三 主語+雙賓動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語,1.主語

8、+雙賓動詞+名詞/代詞+名詞 She give me her telephone number. (to) Ill make you some fresh tea. (for) They forgave him his crimes. 2.主語+雙賓動詞+名詞/代詞+從句 I have warned him that it is not allowed. She showed me where her leg hurt. Tell me whatever you know about it.,分析這些句子有一個共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思，故這類動詞被稱作雙賓語動詞。

9、這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。一般來說指人的賓語叫間接賓語，指物的賓語叫直接賓語。通常情況下間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后；有時也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后，此時間接賓語前需加介詞for或to。,間接賓語后置與for連用的動詞有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如： Uncle Li bought me a birthday present. = Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔給我買了一件生日禮物。,間接賓語后置與to連用的動詞有g(shù)ive, lend, t

10、each, take, return, send, pass等。例如： Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.請遞給他一杯茶。 注意：若直接賓語是人稱代詞，通常情況下將其置于間接賓語之前。例如： 誤：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.,1.他把這本書給了他的 2.我將寫給你一封長信。 3. 他給你帶來了一本字典。 4. 她給丈夫做了一頓美餐。 5. 我給他看我的照片。 6. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。 7. 他教我開機(jī)器。,1. 他把這本書給了他的妹妹。

11、He gave the book to his sister. 2. 我將寫給你一封長信。 Ill write you a long letter. 3. 他給你帶來了一本字典。 He brought you a dictionary. 4. 她給丈夫做了一頓美餐。She cooked her husband a delicious meal.,5. 我給他看我的照片。 I showed him my pictures. 6. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。 I told him that the bus was late. 7. 他教我開機(jī)器。 He showed me how to run the

12、machine.,1.主語+系動詞+形容詞 How are you? Im fine. He has fallen ill. They kept silent. 2.主語+系動詞+名詞 His dream has at last become a reality. He appeared a fool. It sounds a good idea.,四 主語+系動詞+表語,3.主語+系動詞+副詞 Is Helen in? Summer is over. Youd better keep away from that guy. 4.主語+系動詞+介詞短語 You know what you ar

13、e after. Keep off the grass. The students are in favour of reform. 5.主語+系動詞+不定式 His plan is to keep it secret. The only thing now is to take a taxi. Surely she was to be trusted.,6.主語+系動詞+動名詞 My job is repairing cars. Talking to him is talking to a wall. Their favourite pastime is playing chess. 7.主

14、語+系動詞+從句 My opinion is that the plan wont work. The question is what you want to do. Thats where we differ. Thats how I look at it. The problem is who can be put in charge.,8.主語+系動詞+形容詞+介詞短語 She is fond of this country. I was sick of lying in bed. They seem delighted with the result. 9.主語+系動詞+形容詞+不定

15、式 Im happy to meet you. She was eager to see her people. 10.主語+系動詞+形容詞+從句 Im glad you have come. Were not clear what theyre up to. I am not certain who he is. Hes doubtful whether he can afford it.,這些句子有一個共同的特點(diǎn)：謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, keep, see

16、m等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。,1特納先生是位畫家。 2牛奶變酸了。 3.她當(dāng)了律師. 4. 這是本英漢辭典。 5. 蛋糕味道很好。,6. 一切看來都不同了。 7. 他長得又高又壯。 8. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。 9. 我們的井干枯了。 10. 他的臉紅了。,1.特納先生是位畫家。 Mr. Turner is an artist. 2.牛奶變酸了。 The milk turned sour. 3.她當(dāng)了律師. She became a lawyer. 4. 這

17、是本英漢辭典。 This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 5. 蛋糕味道很好。 The cake smells good.,6. 一切看來都不同了。 Everything looks different. 7. 他長得又高又壯。 He is growing tall and strong. 8. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。 The trouble is that they are short of money. 9. 我們的井干枯了。 Our well has gone dry. 10. 他的臉紅了。 His face turned red.,五 主語+及物動詞+

18、賓語+賓語補(bǔ)語,1.主語+及物動詞+賓語+形容詞 I thought her so nice and sincere. They didnt believe such a thing possible. He found it difficult to satisfy their needs. 2.主語+及物動詞+賓語+名詞 They called their daughter Mary. We elected Smith our chairman. We thought it our duty to help them.,3.主語+及物動詞+賓語+介詞短語 He put his books

19、in order. This placed her in a very difficult position. She was placed in a very difficult position. 4.主語+及物動詞+賓語+副詞 She wished herself home. Dont leave me behind. 5.主語+及物動詞+賓語+不定式 What do you advise me to do? I wish you to be happy? We all felt the plan to be unwise.,6.主語+及物動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式 We cant l

20、et this go on. Did you notice him come in? 7.主語+及物動詞+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞 I saw her chatting with Nancy. I hate you being unhappy. I could smell trouble coming. 8.主語+及物動詞+賓語+過去分詞 He watched the piano carried upstairs. You must make yourself respected. You have to get a photograph taken.,分析這些句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動詞雖然是及物動詞，

21、但是只跟 一個賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語, 才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語的作用是說明賓語的動作或狀態(tài)。賓語 和它的補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。賓語補(bǔ)足語可以由名詞、動詞不定式 、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語等充當(dāng)。注意：在使役動詞 make, let, have等引起的復(fù)合賓語中，若賓語補(bǔ)足語是動詞不定式， 則要省去不定式符號to。例如： He made us laugh. 他使我們發(fā)笑。 I wont let you go. 我不會讓你走。 I have them come tomorrow morning. 我讓他們明天早上來。,1.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書不難。 2. 我將讓他去。 3

22、. 他們叫他詹姆斯。 4.我們將保持桌面干凈。 5.他們把門漆成綠色。,6. 他怎么會這樣想? 7. 我們送他出去。 8. 他要我早點(diǎn)回來。 9. 我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。,1. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書不難。 I found the book easy. 2. 我將讓他去。 Ill let him go. 3. 他們叫他詹姆斯。 They called him James . 4.我們將保持桌面干凈。 We will keep the table clean . 5. 他們把門漆成綠色。 They painted the door green.,6.他怎么會這樣想? What makes him t

23、hink so？ 7. 我們送他出去。 We saw him out. 8. 他要我早點(diǎn)回來。 He asked me to come back soon. 9. 我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。I saw them getting on the bus.,練習(xí):判斷下面的句子是哪種句型 Your sister dances beautifully. They proved that the earth was round. This food looks inviting. Doing that would be playing with fire.,主謂,主謂賓,主系表,主謂賓,5.They kept their marriage a secret. 6.He played dead. 7.She was nicknamed “Little Rabbit”. 8.Show me what you bought. 9.She never doubted that she was right. 10.Good food keeps you healthy.,主謂雙賓,主謂,主謂賓,主謂雙賓,主謂賓,主謂賓賓補(bǔ),1.The palaces were large and beautiful. 2.Horse-riding,hammer throw and shooting