Grammar條件狀語從句

1、Module 3 Body Language and Non-Verbal Communication Grammar,Grammar 1,條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞有 if，unless (除非，如果不，除非在的時(shí)候), in case(如果，以防萬一，預(yù)防某種情況的發(fā)生), on condition that (在條件下, 如果 ), as/so long as (只要)，provided (that) / providing (that) (假如, 在條件下), supposing (that)(如果, 假如)，given(that)等連詞引導(dǎo)。,注意：條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 代替一般將

2、來。,3.She will go provided her friends can go also. 4.He will do the work providing you pay him. 5.As long as youre happy, it doesnt matter what you do. 6.In case I forget, please remind me about it. 7.Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting? 8.I can tell you the truth on condition t

3、hat you promise to keep a secret.,1.If it rains tomorrow, I will not go swimming.,2.You will fail unless you work hard.,If 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條 件句,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句中用一般過去時(shí)(be用were)，主句用would do If I were you, I would help him. If he had enough money, he would buy that book.,與過去事實(shí)相反，從句中用過去完成時(shí)時(shí)，主句用would have done.,I would

4、have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic. 如果沒有堵車, 我會(huì)到的早一點(diǎn)兒。,與將來事實(shí)相反，從句中用一般過去時(shí) (be用were) should dowere to do，主句用 would do If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. If you dropped the glass, it would break. If he should see me, he would know me.,從句中有had, were,

5、 should，可將其提到主語前，并去掉if。,If I were you, I would help him. = Were I you, I would help him. If he had enough money, he would buy that book. = Had he enough money, he would buy that book. If he should see me, he would know me. = Should he see me, he would know me.,But for the rain, we should have had a

6、pleasant journey. 要不是下雨, 我們的旅行肯定會(huì)很愉快。 Without your help, we could not have finished in time. 要不是你幫忙, 我們肯定不能及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。,but for, without等引出一個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)也可表示條件, 條件常常是虛擬的, 或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。如:,1. The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. A. as long as B. whil

7、e C. if D. even though 2. It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if,C,A,Exercises,3. I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if,A,Grammar 2,Adverbial

8、clause of concession 讓步狀語從句,讓步狀語從句,讓步狀語從句由though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, whoever, whether or ,while等引導(dǎo)。 Though Liu Ying is a girl, she can lift the heave box. Ill help you even if I dont sleep for a night. Whatever book you may read, read it carefully.,1. though, although

9、表示“雖然, 縱然”之意。在一般情況下可以互換使用。 在口語中, though 較常使用, although比though正式, 二者都可與yet, still連用, 但不能與but連用。,讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:,e.g. Though/Although he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭, 但仍然繼續(xù)工作。 Though/Although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他雖然年紀(jì)大了, 身體還很健壯。,注意: although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多

10、, though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。 e.g. She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學(xué)習(xí), 考試卻及格了。,2. as, though表示“雖然但是”, “縱使”之意。 as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn), 被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形, though間或也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中, 但although不可以這樣用。,Object as you may, Ill go. = Though/Although you may object, Ill go.

11、 縱使你反對(duì), 我也要去。 Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. = Though he works hard, he makes little progress. 盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力, 但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步。,Child as / though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 雖然他是一個(gè)孩子, 但他知道該做什么。,Fast as you

12、 read, you cant finish the book so soon. 縱然你讀得快, 你也不能這么快讀完這本書。,3. even if, even though 表示“即使”, “縱使”之意。這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同, 它們?？苫Q使用,e.g. Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好, 我們也要作一次旅行。,4. whether . or .表示“不論是否”, “不管是還是”之意。 由這一個(gè)復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩個(gè)方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。如: Youll have

13、to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. 不管你忙不忙, 都要參加這個(gè)典禮。,Whether you believe it or not, its true. 無論你是否相信, 這都是真的。 5. “no matter + 疑問詞”或“疑問詞-ever”的含義為“都; 不管都”, 它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。如:,No matter what happened, he would not mind. = Whatever happened, he would not mind. 無論發(fā)生了什么, 他都不會(huì)介意的。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law.,=Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是誰, 你都要遵紀(jì)守法。 但“no matter + 疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句, 而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。如: Whatever (= No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句),無論你說什么, 我都不會(huì)相信你。 Ill eat whatever ( no matter wha